Ni52Mn24Ga24单晶中取向内应力的热动力学计算

测量了Ni₅₂Mn₂₄Ga₂₄单晶样品在磁场加载和未加载情 况下马氏体相变时的相变应变.分析结果表明：用提拉法生长单晶时在晶体内部引入了单一取向的内应力，该取向内应力可诱导马氏体变体择优取向，从而导致马氏体相变时产生大的相变应变.从理论上计算了该内应力的大小.另外，对样品在马氏体态单纯磁诱导应变的热动力学研究，表明取向内应力在马氏体态依然存在. 关键词： 马氏体相变 磁感生应变 内应力     

Ni50.5Mn24.5G25单晶的预马氏体相变特性

通过交流磁化率、电阻、有无磁场下的预相变应变、磁致伸缩和磁化强度测量，系统研究了近正配分比Ni505Mn245Ga25单晶的预马氏体相变特性.在自由样品中观察到预马氏体相变应变.在预相变点，沿[010]方向施加大小约为80kA/m的磁场，在晶体母相的[001]方向上获得了高达505ppm的磁致伸缩，该值是相同条件下晶体母相磁致伸缩量的5倍多.同时，报道了不同方向磁场对预相变应变干预的结果.利用软模凝结的概念和依据单晶生长的特点，分析了预相变应变产生的机理.而磁场干预预相变应变的机理是磁场增大的磁弹耦合导致的晶格形变与材料内禀形变的竞争.利用磁性测量结果证实和解释了预相变过程中[001]和[010]轴方向间进一步增大的各向异性.进而对磁场沿[001]和[010]两个晶体学方向所导致的应变特性的差别，包括最大磁致伸缩、饱和预相变应变、饱和场等，进行了分析和讨论. 关键词： 预马氏体相变 应变 磁致伸缩 磁弹耦合     

Ni-Fe-Ga磁致形状记忆合金中间马氏体相变

采用差示扫描量热和x射线衍射技术研究Ni-Fe-Ga磁致形状记忆合金的马氏体相变行为.结 果发现,在多晶Ni565_56.5Fe190_19.0Ga245_{2 4.5}和Ni563_56.3Fe170_17.0 Ga267_26.7合金中除马氏体相变外,还观察到一次完整的、正相变和逆相 变对应出现、单 纯由温度诱发的中间马氏体相变.该中间马氏体相变与马氏体相变均为热弹性相变. 关键词： Ni-Fe-Ga 中间马氏体相变 磁致形状记忆合金     

新型激光晶体Yb:KY(WO4)2的结构与光谱

采用顶部籽晶提拉法，以K₂W₂O₇为助溶剂，生长了Yb:KY(WO₄)₂新型激光晶体.经热重-差热分析，确定晶体熔点为1045℃，相变温度为1010℃.X射线粉末衍射测试，验证所生长的晶体为β-Yb:KY(WO₄)₂.晶体结构分析确定Yb:KY(WO₄)₂晶体由WO₆八面体连接而成，WO₆八面体是由双氧桥(WOOW)及单氧桥(WOW)构成.晶体粉末样品室温下的红外及拉曼光谱测试，确定WO₆原子基团、双氧桥及单氧桥的振动频率.晶体的吸收峰位于940nm，980nm，发射峰位于989nm—1030nm. 关键词： 晶体结构 光谱 晶体生长     

LaxBi2-xTi4O11的合成及相变研究

合成了Ｌａ_xＢｉ_2-xＴｉ₄Ｏ₁₁系列样品，并完成了它们的喇曼光谱和ｘ射线衍射测量；结果表明，该体系在Ｘ＝１．２经历了一次相变，且相变与最低频声子模随Ｘ的变化有关。Ｌａ_0.2Ｂｉ_1.8·Ｔｉ₄Ｏ₁₁的相变温度为２００℃。初步获得Ｌａ₂Ｔｉ₄Ｏ₁₁的结构为正交结构。 关键词：     

MgF2单晶的THz光谱研究

利用THz时域光谱技术对MgF₂晶体(样品1)和MgF₂：Co晶体(样品2)在0.5—2.5 THz的吸收特性进行了研究.在0.5—2.5 THz波段，样品1吸收系数α(ν)随频率ν增加而增大，最大值为24 cm^-1.样品2的吸收系数比样品1大得多，Co掺杂使晶格吸收带边向低频移动，而且样品2在1.9 THz有吸收峰，吸收系数达到70 cm^-1，由此求出F^--Co²⁺离子键伸缩振动的键力常数K为3.40×10^-2　N/cm.这一结果表明，THz光谱分析有可能成为研究晶体化学键的一种重要手段.利用光学常数之间的关系计算了两个样品在0.5—2.5 THz的介电函数的实部ε₁(ν)，得到样品1的ε₁(ν)值在4.67至4.73之间，样品2的ε₁(ν)值在4.62至5.01之间. 关键词： THz辐射 光谱 2晶体')" href="#">MgF₂晶体     

单轴M型SrFe12-xCrxO19超细粒子结构与磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了单轴M型锶铁氧体SrFe12-x_12-xCrx_xO 19₁₉(x=0—1)超细晶粒.实验结果表明, 随掺杂量x的增大，质量饱和磁化强 度σs_s在x≤04范围内增大，在x=02附近达到极大值.矫顽力Hc_c在x＜05的范围 内单调降低，这对于用作高密度磁记录材料非常有利.当x≤04时，样品是单相结构， 在 x=06以后出现非磁性相α-Fe2₂O3< 关键词： 锶铁氧体 3+')" href="#">Cr3+³⁺ 结构 磁性     

块体非晶合金Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 结构弛豫的研究

应用同步辐射小角x射线散射和差示扫描量热分析对块体非晶合金Zr55₅₅Cu 30₃₀Al10₁₀Ni5₅结构弛豫进行了研究.实验结果表 明：经340℃、不同时间退火后的非晶内 部的电子密度涨落随退火时间的延长先增大而后减小；玻璃转变温度附近焓弛豫峰的表观激 活能则随退火时间的延长先减小而后增大.结果反映了随退火时间的延长，块体非晶合金内 部类液体区不断减少及类固体区不断增加的过程. 关键词： 小角x射线散射 块体非晶合金 结构弛豫     

Lu2Ti2O7和Lu2TiO5陶瓷材料的Kr离子辐照损伤研究

钛酸盐因其优异的物理化学性能,可作为高放射性核废物（HLW）和锕系元素（钚）的重要候选固化材料之一。采用传统的陶瓷烧结工艺制备了多晶的Lu₂Ti₂O₇和Lu₂TiO₅陶瓷材料。在室温下,用800 keVKr2+对两种材料进行辐照,辐照后的样品采用GIXRD进行表征,观察到两种样品都经历了先肿胀、然后再发生非晶相变的过程。不同的是Lu₂Ti₂O₇的晶格肿胀程度大于Lu₂TiO₅。另外,Lu₂TiO₅样品的辐照到2×10₁₄ ions/cm₂时非晶含量达95.54%,而Lu₂Ti₂O₇样品在此剂量下非晶含量只有74.66%。通过第一性原理计算了Lu₂Ti₂O₇晶体的晶格肿胀随反位浓度的变化关系,结果表明,Lu₂Ti₂O₇出现非晶前的晶格肿胀主要由阳离子反位导致,而Lu₂TiO₅是无序的萤石结构,其辐照所导致的晶格肿胀不含阳离子反位的贡献,晶格肿胀程度较低。     

LiB3O5晶体高温拉曼光谱研究

研究了LiB₃O₅晶体在不同温度下(在300—1173K的温度范围)的拉曼光谱,分析了LBO晶体结构随温度变化的规律.随着温度的升高,LBO晶体的拉曼光谱谱峰都不同程度地向低波数方向移动,也存在不同程度的展宽,同时强度减弱.发现晶体在1100K存在明显相变,与LBO晶体的相图给出的1107K的相变温度基本相符. 关键词： 3O₅晶体')" href="#">LiB₃O₅晶体 高温拉曼光谱 相变     

Strain characteristics and superelastic response of single crystals

The intermartensitic transformation, in a two-step complete thermoelastic martensitic transformation in Ni_53.2Mn_22.6Ga_24.2 single crystals, provides a much larger strain than that of the martensitic transformation. With a biasing magnetic field, the intermartensitic transformation strain is inhibited and the martensitic transformation strain is enhanced. Compressive stress–strain characteristics can be affected greatly by a static magnetic field. At low deformation temperature, the irreversible transformation strain induced by the stress becomes reversible, when a static magnetic field is applied. Further, the magnitude of the stress necessary for rearrangement of martensitic variants is dependent on the direction of the biasing magnetic field. Moreover, a well-defined character of the twin-boundary motion, similar to the soliton motion, has been observed upon loading or unloading.     

Modelling of hysteresis loops taken during the stress- and temperature-induced martensitic transformations

In this article, it has been shown that the process of reconfiguration of the crystal defects system noticeably contributes to the width of the stress–strain and strain–temperature hysteresis loops taken during the stress- and temperature-induced martensitic transformations of the shape memory alloys. It has been demonstrated that the contribution of the defects system to the hysteresis width strongly depends on the alloy temperature and the transformation cycle duration. It has been shown that the hysteresis effect can be observed not only in the course of the first-order phase transition of martensitic type, but also in the course of the gradual deformation of crystal lattice. The obtained results are applicable to the ferroelastic phase transitions in the different crystalline solids.     

Shape memory effect and superelasticity in a strain glass alloy

The shape memory effect and superelasticity are usually found in alloys exhibiting spontaneous martensitic transformation. Thus it is hard to imagine that such interesting effects can appear in a system without a martensitic transformation. In this Letter we show shape memory and the superelasticity effect in a nonmartensitic Ti48.5Ni51.5 alloy, which has no martensitic transformation but undergoes a "strain glass" transition. In situ x-ray diffraction experiment showed that the shape memory and superelasticity in strain glass stem from a stress-induced strain glass to martensite transformation and its reverse transformation. The new shape memory and superelasticity in strain glass extends the regime of the shape memory effect and superelasticity and may lead to novel applications.     

Acoustic emission during thermoelsatic martensitic transformations in titanium nickelide upon a fixed strain

The influence of the strain fixed during a direct martensitic transformation on the acoustic emission in the temperature interval including intervals of martensitic transformations is investigated. The effect of the martensitic phase stabilization is established and its influence on a decrease in the acoustic emission energy during thermal cycling of martensitic transformations upon a fixed strain is demonstrated. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 12–18, March, 2009.     

Shape memory alloys — characterization techniques

Shape memory alloys are the generic class of alloys that show both thermal and mechanical memory. The basic physics involved in the shape memory effect is the reversible thermoelastic martensitic transformation. In general, there exists two phases in shape memory alloys, viz., a high-temperature phase or austenitic phase (A) and a low-temperature phase or martensitic phase (M). In addition, an intermediate R phase exists in some special cases. The M↔A transformation is associated with a recoverable strain of about 6.5–8% and the R↔A transformation is associated with a recoverable strain of about 1%. The former transformation has been widely used in the applications like antenna deployment of satellite, aerospace couplings, orthodontic arch wires, medical guide wires for diagnostic and therapeutic catheters and other industrial applications. Our group has been giving emphasis to the characterization techniques for R phase, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrical resistivity probe (ER) and thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). R phase is found to have attractive features like stability against thermal cycling, a small thermal hysteresis and a negligible strain recovery fatigue. DSC has been used successfully to characterize the recoverable strain parameters, apart from the determination of transformation temperatures. ER is used, for the systematic study of the dependence of various phases on heat-treatment temperatures. TMA has been effectively employed for the study of the mixed phases. A space-rotating platform is designed and fabricated, using an actuator of shape memory spring, for obtaining controlled rotations. The efficiency and the reliability of this actuator has been tested, over a million thermal cycles.     

Ni2MnGa单晶马氏体相变过程摩擦耗能的热动力学计算

根据相界面摩擦原理 ,在推导出计算Ni2 MnGa系统热动力学参量的一般表示式的基础上 ,结合马氏体相变温度分别在室温以下、室温附近、室温以上三种非正配分比Ni2 MnGa单晶自发相变应变和交流磁化率随温度变化的测量结果 ,计算了三种样品马氏体相变过程中界面摩擦所消耗的能量 .结果进一步表明正是相变过程中的界面摩擦导致了相变的热滞后 ,而三种样品马氏体相变过程的摩擦耗能和相变热滞后存在较大差别的原因在于三种样品马氏体相变生成物具有不同的结构     

Variations in the Strain Parameters of Titanium Nickelide during Martensitic Transformation Cycling

Doklady Physics - The results of analyzing the long-term variations in the strain rate of a TiNi element during martensitic transformation cycling have been reported. It is shown that the factors...     

On the effect of magnetic fields on alloys with isothermal kinetics of martensitic transformation

The effect of magnetic treatment on the isothermal martensitic transformation in the Fe-24% Ni-4% Mn alloy has been investigated. The martensitic transformation in a dc magnetic field at liquid-helium temperature has been analyzed.     

Ni2MnGa单晶马氏体相变过程摩擦耗能的热动力学计算

根据相界面摩擦原理，在推导出计算Ni₂MnGa系统热动力学参量的一般表示式的基础上，结合马氏体相变温度分别在室温以下、室温附近、室温以上三种非正配分比Ni₂MnGa单晶自发相变应变和交流磁化率随温度变化的测量结果，计算了三种样品马氏体相变过程中界面摩擦所消耗的能量.结果进一步表明正是相变过程中的界面摩擦导致了相变的热滞后，而三种样品马氏体相变过程的摩擦耗能和相变热滞后存在较大差别的原因在于三种样品马氏体相变生成物具有不同的结构. 关键词： 马氏体相变 应变 界面摩擦     

Magnetic indication of the stress-induced martensitic transformation in ferromagnetic Ni–Mn–Ga alloy

A quantitative study of the stress-induced martensitic transformation in Ni_49.7Mn_29.1Ga_21.2 magnetic shape memory alloy has been carried out in two different ways: the first way is based on the measurements of saturation magnetization under variable mechanical stress and the second one is founded on the quantitative theoretical treatment of experimental stress–strain loops. A functional dependence between the volume fraction of transformed martensite and applied stress has been determined from both magnetization and strain values. A quantitative agreement between the functions determined in two different ways has been observed, and hence, the effectiveness of the magnetic indication of the stress-induced martensitic transformations has been proved. This method can be used to monitor stress-induced transformations in martensitic films, needles and small specimens.