分区迭代计算流动问题中重叠边界的处理

本文首先采用四种重叠边界的处理方法,对顶盖驱动流动问题进行了分区迭代并行计算,探讨分区迭代并行计算流动问题时重叠边界处理方法对计算时间和计算精度的影响。计算结果表明,当采用一个网格重叠迭代计算时,计算结果具有明显的误差;多个网格重叠计算精度较高,但重复的计算量很大,失去了并行计算提高计算速度的意义;而采用无网格重叠与两...     

轴流式喷水推进器泵级内部流场的数值计算

采用数值计算的方法,研究了轴流喷水推进器泵级模型的内部三维紊流流场和性能。计算针对泵级的进口到喷水推进器的出口进行,包括进水区域、叶轮、导流壳区域的泵级整个流道。采用结构网格对计算区域进行剖分,应用NUMECA软件对控制方程进行求解。选用Spalart-Allmaras一方程紊流模型,使用时间推进法计算流场中的流动参数。并根据流场计算结果对泵级的流量-扬程特性和流量-效率特性进行了预测。计算与实验结果对比表明,二者取得了较好的一致,说明采用的计算方法具有较好的可信性及较高的计算精度。根据流场计算结果,对泵级的性能进行了分析。     

飞机构型Euler绕流结构网格方法计算的可信度

采用三种方法验证飞机构型Euler绕流结构网格方法计算。第一,同一网格,采用不同的方甚或程序进行计算;采用Jameson中心差分有限体积方法和Steger-warming流量分裂迎风格式有限体积方法,为计算提供容错手段;第二,网格细化和网格点重新分布,并通过网格收敛指标进行评估;第三,提出新的多块拼接网格拓扑,采用不同的网格拓扑进行计算。     

飞机构型Euler绕流结构网格方法计算的可信度

采用三种方法验证飞机构型Ｅｕｌｅｒ绕流结构网格方法计算。第一,同一网格,采用不同的方法或程序进行计算,采用Ｊａｍｅｓｏｎ中心差分有限体积方法和Ｓｔｅｇｅｒ－Ｗａｒｍｉｎｇ流量分裂迎风格式有限体积方法,为计算提供容错手段;第二,网格细化和网格点重新分布,并通过网格收敛指标进行评估;第三,提出新的多块拼接网格拓朴,采用不同的网格拓扑进行计算。     

利用数值再现实现彩虹全息色差评价

为了在计算机制彩色彩虹全息图输出之前定量得到再现像的色彩保真度,提出了一种采用数值再现进行色差评价的方法.首先对彩虹全息图进行了频谱分析,得到再现参量与频谱分布之间的关系;然后采用频域滤波算法实现彩色彩虹全息图数值再现,得到再现像的相对功率谱分布;最后采用CIE1976UCS均匀颜色空间对再现像色差情况进行了计算.设计了7个色块并制作了计算机制真彩色彩虹全息图,以金卤射灯作为照明光源进行了光学再现实验,给出实验结果及分析.研究证明了采用数值再现方法实现对计算彩虹全息再现像光谱分布和色差进行计算分析是一种快速经济的方法.     

利用溶液理论计算饱和甲烷中二氧化碳溶解度

求取二氧化碳在饱和液态甲烷中的溶解度,对于在较高温度下实现液化天然气至关重要。文中在理想溶液基础上,采用正规溶液关系式和改进的Scatchard-H ildebrand关系式进行二氧化碳的溶解度计算,并且在临界点附近采用经验公式对其进行修正。将上述计算结果与Davis实验数据进行比较后表明,改进的正规溶液理论计算方法在低于140K温区时可推荐用于此项溶解度计算,经验公式可用于接近临界温度区域的溶解度计算。     

实际气体喷管喉部尺寸的设计计算

由于天然气输送中的压力通常较高,因此,天然气不能按理想气体处理。本文详细介绍了采用BWRS方程计算天然气在喷管内流动时喷管喉部临界参数的计算方法、过程以及计算程序编制步骤,计算了不同喷管入口压力下喷管喉部面积,并将之与理想气体状态方程的结果进行了比较。结果表明,在喷管入口压力比较低,设计精度要求不高时,可以采用基于理想气体状态方程的喷管喉部计算公式。但如果天然气压力大,设计精度要求较高时,就必须采用实际气体方程进行喷管设计计算。     

空化紊流流动的数值计算模型及其验证

本文介绍了一种空化紊流流动的数值计算模型,并计算了射流放水阀内部的空化流动现象。该模型基于均相平衡模型和液相与汽相传输方程,基本方程采用N-S方程,空化模型采用Kunz等提出的汽液质量转换模型。紊流封闭采用标准的κ-ε素流模型;稳定流动计算采用扩展的SIMPLE压力修正方法,非稳定计算采用PISO算法。为评价该数值模型,计算了绕射流放水阀的空化流动,并与实验结果进行了对比,计算结果与实验结果取得较好的一致,说明该流动模型和计算方法是可靠的。     

基于JSNT程序的压水堆屏蔽计算

反应堆屏蔽计算是评估核电站安全性能的基础,是指导电站设计、运行的重要手段之一。JSNT程序是中物院高性能数值模拟软件中心研制的大规模并行离散纵标输运程序,具有较高的计算精度和计算效率。利用JSNT程序对某压水堆进行了建模计算,给出了中子通量密度的分布结果,并与实验测量值进行了对比。对比结果显示:无论是采用S8计算还是S16计算,计算结果都能满足工程要求;相比S8而言,采用S16计算可以显著提高计算精度,能够将某些测点处的相对误差降至1%以内。     

基于有限元数值模拟永磁轨道上方高温超导块材悬浮力

采用有有限元计算方法和有限差分法对高温超导块材电磁场进行模拟,计算了永磁轨道上方超导块材所受到的磁悬浮力.文中给出了一种基于有限元的3D-模型数值计算方法；模型采用了电磁场磁矢量法(H-方法)；模型中采用Kim模型来描述高温超导块材的临界电流密度Jc；采用E-J幂指数来描述超导块材的本构关系.该计算模型采用Fortra...     

Geometrical interpretation of acoustic holography: Adaptation of the propagator and minimum quality guaranteed in the presence of errors

A large number of inverse problems in acoustics consist of a reverse propagation of the acoustic pressure measured with an array of microphones. The goal is usually to identify the acoustic source location and strength or the surface velocity of a vibrating structure. The quality of the results obtained depends on the propagation model, on the accuracy of the pressure measurements and, finally, on the inverse problem conditioning. How to quantify this quality is the issue addressed in this paper. For this purpose, a geometrical interpretation of the inverse acoustic problem is proposed. The main application will, eventually, be near-field acoustic holography (NAH), but it is expected that the proposed approach will also apply to other types of inverse acoustic problems. First, the geometrical representation of the inverse problem is proposed. The inverse problem is stated from a direct linear problem in the frequency domain. For each frequency, an overdetermined system of linear complex algebraic equations must be inverted. The concept of quality is discussed and a quality index is proposed based upon the residue of the inverse problem, solved in a mean square sense. Then, a simple one-dimensional (plane wave) acoustic example consisting of a source and two pressure measurements is used to illustrate the proposed geometrical representation of the inverse problem and the quality criterion inspired by it. In the simple example, the propagation model can be improved by searching for a reflection coefficient at the origin of the simulated hologram. This reflection coefficient is used to simulate the presence of a hidden source placed behind the source. An artificial attenuation is introduced to simulate the effect of geometrical attenuation present in real NAH problems. Again, using the geometrical representation, it is shown how, from an improved propagation model together with a given measurement noise level in the hologram, one can guarantee a certain quality level of the inverse procedure. Finally, numerical results show, in a preliminary way, how the identified source strength converges towards the exact velocity when the estimated propagation model tends to the exact propagation model.     

Application of High Current and Current Zero Simulations of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers

This paper reports on the use of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations to predict the interruption behaviour of high‐voltage circuit breakers (HV‐CB) using the self‐blast principle. Two different levels of accuracy of the arc model are proven to be sufficiently accurate for simulating the high‐current phase and the period around current zero (CZ). For the high‐current phase, a simplified equivalent model of the arc is implemented to predict the pressure build‐up, and even more important to accurately trace the hot gas from the arcing zone into the exhausts and the heating volume. A detailed analysis of the gas mixing in the heating volume for different arcing times and current amplitudes showed the optimum geometrical design of the heating volume. For the CZ phase, a more detailed arc model is needed including the effects of ohmic heating, radiative energy transfer, and turbulent cooling fully resolved in space and time. The validation with experiments was done and shows good agreement which justifies the use of the implemented model. With it, scaling laws varying only one parameter at a time (pressure and applied current slope) were derived and confirm previously found empirical laws. This is of particular interest, as it is very difficult to derive such scaling laws from experiments where the scatter is always very large and where it is impossible to vary only one parameter at a time. The influence of the most important geometrical parameters of the nozzle on the interruption performance is shown. In addition to previous experimental indications of this, the simulation reveals that turbulent cooling on the arc edge is the main reason for the difference in interruption performance. Moreover, the exact spatio‐temporal build‐up of arc resistance and with it the detailed understanding of the arc interruption process is possible and shown here for the first time. These simulations enable us to predict HV‐CB performance and to minimise the number of development tests and are routinely used in new development projects. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Hamilton’s theory of turns and a new geometrical representation for polarization optics

Hamilton’s theory of turns for the group SU(2) is exploited to develop a new geometrical representation for polarization optics. While pure polarization states are represented by points on the Poincaré sphere, linear intensity preserving optical systems are represented by great circle arcs on another sphere. Composition of systems, and their action on polarization states, are both reduced to geometrical operations. Several synthesis problems, especially in relation to the Pancharatnam-Berry-Aharonov-Anandan geometrical phase, are clarified with the new representation. The general relation between the geometrical phase, and the solid angle on the Poincaré sphere, is established.     

Coupling of Dirichlet-to-Neumann boundary condition and finite difference methods in curvilinear coordinates for multiple scattering

The applicability of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann technique coupled with finite difference methods is enhanced by extending it to multiple scattering from obstacles of arbitrary shape. The original boundary value problem (BVP) for the multiple scattering problem is reformulated as an interface BVP. A heterogenous medium with variable physical properties in the vicinity of the obstacles is considered. A rigorous proof of the equivalence between these two problems for smooth interfaces in two and three dimensions for any finite number of obstacles is given. The problem is written in terms of generalized curvilinear coordinates inside the computational region. Then, novel elliptic grids conforming to complex geometrical configurations of several two-dimensional obstacles are constructed and approximations of the scattered field supported by them are obtained. The numerical method developed is validated by comparing the approximate and exact far-field patterns for the scattering from two circular obstacles. In this case, for a second order finite difference scheme, a second order convergence of the numerical solution to the exact solution is easily verified.     

Propagation properties of a modified surface plasmonic waveguide with an arc slot

We introduce a modified surface plasmonic waveguide with an arc slot. The dependences of distribution of energy flux density, effective index, propagation length and mode area of the symmetric mode supported by this waveguide on geometrical parameters and working wavelength are analysed by using the finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method. Results show that the energy flux density distributes mainly in four corners which are formed by two arcs, and the closer to the corners it is, the stronger the energy flux density will be. The effective index, the propagation length and the mode area are influenced by geometrical parameters, including the width, the thickness and the arc radius of the surface plasmonic waveguide, as well as the working wavelength. It has been shown that the surface plasmonic waveguide with an arc slot has better propagation properties than the surface plasmonic waveguide with a straight slot. This work may be helpful for applying the slot surface plasmonic waveguide to integrated photonics.     

An accurate adaptive solver for surface-tension-driven interfacial flows

A method combining an adaptive quad/octree spatial discretisation, geometrical Volume-Of-Fluid interface representation, balanced-force continuum-surface-force surface-tension formulation and height-function curvature estimation is presented. The extension of these methods to the quad/octree discretisation allows adaptive variable resolution along the interface and is described in detail. The method is shown to recover exact equilibrium (to machine accuracy) between surface-tension and pressure gradient in the case of a stationary droplet, irrespective of viscosity and spatial resolution. Accurate solutions are obtained for the classical test case of capillary wave oscillations. An application to the capillary breakup of a jet of water in air further illustrates the accuracy and efficiency of the method. The source code of the implementation is freely available as part of the Gerris flow solver.     

Properties of Nitrogen Plasmas Confined in Toroidal Walls of Copper and Quartz

For toroidal arc plasmas, the geometrical configuration, material and thickness of the discharge tube are of special importance not only for the cooling problem but also for the thermal and magnetogasdynamic behavior. In this paper, we present a new method for calculating the electromagnetic and dynamic quantities of a toroidal plasma, including the thermal properties of the confining arc wall. Results are given for a d. c. arc burning in a torus segment. The toroidal walls are made from quartz--or copper--segments with thin electrically isolating layers.     

An underlying geometrical manifold for Hamiltonian mechanics

We show that there exists an underlying manifold with a conformal metric and compatible connection form, and a metric type Hamiltonian (which we call the geometrical picture), that can be put into correspondence with the usual Hamilton–Lagrange mechanics. The requirement of dynamical equivalence of the two types of Hamiltonians, that the momenta generated by the two pictures be equal for all times, is sufficient to determine an expansion of the conformal factor, defined on the geometrical coordinate representation, in its domain of analyticity with coefficients to all orders determined by functions of the potential of the Hamiltonian–Lagrange picture, defined on the Hamilton–Lagrange coordinate representation, and its derivatives. Conversely, if the conformal function is known, the potential of a Hamilton–Lagrange picture can be determined in a similar way. We show that arbitrary local variations of the orbits in the Hamilton–Lagrange picture can be generated by variations along geodesics in the geometrical picture and establish a correspondence which provides a basis for understanding how the instability in the geometrical picture is manifested in the instability of the the original Hamiltonian motion.     

Geometrical representation of coherent tunneling process in two-waveguide and three-waveguide coupler

We propose an identical geometrical representation scheme for both Landau–Zener(LZ) tunneling process in twowaveguide coupler with a cubically bent structure and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage(STIRAP) in three-waveguide coupler, similar to the geometrical representation of sum frequency process. The results show that although the twowaveguide coupler with a cubically bent axis has not aperiodic structure, it acts as a chirped quasi-phase-matching(QPM)grating and corrects the relative phase between the two supermodes in the curved coupler system. We present a scheme about how to choose the parameters to design the curved beam splitter.