Tunable slow and fast light with large bandwidth in the band-edge of gain spectrum of the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier

We propose a novel method theoretically to generate the slow and fast light with large bandwidth and low gains, which is based on the parametric process in fiber. In our scheme, the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier is employed and the whole signal bandwidth should be located at a certain frequency range of the band-edge of gain spectrum, and then signal waves will be delayed or advanced with low signal gains because of the peculiar feature of signal gain and phase shift. By changing the pump power, the delay time is continuously-tunable optically. The ultimate delay bandwidth and the delay bandwidth product are constrained by the shape of time delay spectrum. Our simulation verifies that 22.4 ps delay or advanced time for the bandwidth of 10 GHz with little distortion can be obtained at certain wavelengths in the optical communication waveband, and their gains are nearly zero. The tunable range is from 0 ps to 22.4 ps for the signal bandwidth of 10 GHz, and it is from 0 ps to 15.6 ps for the bandwidth of 15 GHz. This type of slow and fast light in wide band FOPA has the potential capability to produce the tunable slow and fast light for large bandwidth with low signal gains in future.     

高非线性微结构光纤中基于受激布里渊散射的慢光延迟

全光连续可调的慢光技术在全光网络和光信息处理等领域具有重要的应用前景. 利用自行设计并拉制的高非线性微结构光纤, 实验研究了基于受激布里渊散射的可调谐慢光延迟. 采用单抽运光和单级延迟方案, 当抽运光功率为162.6 mW时, 在长度为120 m的高非线性微结构光纤中获得了最大76 ns的延迟量, 相当于0.76个脉冲宽度. 通过调节抽运光功率的大小, 可以实现对慢光延迟量的可调谐.该慢光延迟方案具有延迟量大、 全光可调谐及与现有光通信系统兼容等优势. 关键词： 慢光 微结构光纤 受激布里渊散射     

光纤参量放大增益谱边带快慢光特性研究

针对窄带光纤参量放大(FOPA),区别于以往增益谱的大增益斜率区域,研究了FOPA增益谱边带脉冲信号的快慢光特性.首先从理论上推导出了小信号增益条件下信号延时量的解析表达式;其次,在低抽运功率条件下(1 W),实验研究了10 Gb/s伪随机二进制序列脉冲信号在FOPA增益谱边带的延时特性,实验结果与理论计算基本符合;最后,通过分析研究抽运光功率、光纤色散及非线性系数等参数对信号延时量的影响规律,可以为FOPA增益谱边带的快慢光延迟线的设计提供参考.     

Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO4 laser at 916 nm

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched Nd:LuVO₄ laser at 916 nm by using a Nd, Cr:YAG crystal as the saturable absorber. As we know, it is the first time to realize the laser with a simple linear resonator. When the incident pump power increased from 14.6 W to 23.7 W, the pulse width of the Q-switched laser decreased from 24 ns to 21 ns. The pulse width was insensitive to the incident pump power in the experiment. The average output power of 288 mW with repetition rate of 39 kHz was obtained at an incident pump power of 22.5 W, with the optical-to-optical efficiency and slope efficiency 1.3% and 3.6%, respectively.     

Character analysis of slow light with communication waveband in fiber optical parametric amplifier

The comprehensive characters of delay time and delay bandwidth with distortion, signal wavelength dependence and delay bandwidth product in fiber optical parametric amplifier are investigated theoretically when the pump locates at anomalous dispersion region. The delay character of single pulse, data stream with certain bit pattern and pseudo random data stream are analyzed comprehensively. In this category of fiber optical parametric amplifier, the delay time and delay bandwidth product vary from signal wavelengths and bit rates. For the same nonlinear coefficient, pump power and fiber length, the diverse dependences of bit pattern in different signal wavelengths are found by numerical simulation. The impacts of pump power and fiber length on the delay character and distortion are also discussed. These relations are conductive to the design of slow light based on fiber optical parametric amplifier in telecommunication waveband.     

Experiments of all-optical switching due to cross-phase modulation in fiber grating coupler by lock-in amp. detection scheme

We report results of experiments examining cross-phase modulation effect on fiber grating coupler (FGC). All-optical switching are observed in both cases of high pump pulses emitted from high-power Nd:YAG laser and mode-locked EDF laser. Based on coherent detection using a lock-in amplifier, the red-shift of the Bragg wavelength for a FGC was estimated to be 0.04-0.06 nm/1.5-1.7 kW peak power of EDF pump light at 1.55 μm. To avoid mixture of pump pulse and signal light at 1.55 μm, we have also performed the experiment using high power Nd:YAG laser as a pump power. For a Nd:YAG laser, the red-shift of Bragg wavelength is estimated to be 0.06 nm at maximum pump power of 2.1 kW. A simple model for the proposed detection scheme is given and the resultant red-shift is analyzed numerically.     

基于半导体光放大器的慢光研究

根据半导体光放大器中四波混频效应产生的等效折射率光栅理论,利用调制折射率和载流子寿命的物理现象模型推导并分析了信号光延时量与半导体光放大器注入电流、泵浦光入射功率、泵浦光与信号光的频率失谐量之间的定量关系,并采用半导体光放大器分段模型的方法进行了数值模拟.相比于目前从降速因子的角度定性分析频率失谐量对延时效果影响的方法...     

Effect of Brillouin slow light on distributed Brillouin fiber sensors

The effect of Brillouin slow light on distributed Brillouin fiber sensors (DBFSs) is studied. We demonstrate Brillouin slow light for a 1.2 ns pulse with peak powers (PS) from 3.3 to 56.2 mW on depletion of the pump power (PP) ranging from 1.3 to 83.2 mW in conventional optical fibers (SMF-28). Experiments show that, when pump power depletion is not negligible, for a given PP the Brillouin gain and delay time of a pulse decrease when PS increases in a long (> or =10 km) sensing fiber. The optimum pump beam depletion resulting from strong interaction of the pump and the probe in the fiber provides accurate temperature and strain information at a high spatial resolution. Our study reveals that at low PP the spatial resolution error caused by the pulse delay for a DBFS with centimeter spatial resolution is less than 5% of the pulse length.     

Diode-end-pumped composite Nd:YVO4 yellow laser based on intracavity frequency-doubled self-Raman laser

We report an intracavity frequency-doubled Q-switched self-Raman yellow laser at 587 nm. A composite Nd:YVO₄ crystal was utilized as self-Raman gain medium. The maximum average output power of yellow light obtained was 1.5 W at the incident pump power of 30 W and at a repetition rate of 50 kHz, corresponding to the optical conversion efficiency of 5%. The shortest pulse width, the maximum pulse energy and the highest peak power were measured to be 5.8 ns, 46.7 μJ and 5.9 kW, respectively.     

High repetition rate mid-infrared generation with singly resonant optical parametric oscillator using multi-grating periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3

A high repetition rate mid-infrared singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) using MgO-doped multi-grating periodically poled LiNbO₃ (MgO:PPLN) is demonstrated. A 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YVO₄ laser at 10 kHz repetition rate and pulse width of 17.8 ns was used to pump the OPO. The period of the quasi-phase matched (QPM) grating in the multi-grating MgO:PPLN chip varied from 25.5 to 31.5 μm in steps of 0.5 μm. This corresponds to the generation of a signal beam from 1.37 to 1.64 μm and an idler beam from 3.0 to 4.8 μm, respectively. A maximum signal power of 250 mW and idler power of 140 mW has been obtained with an input pump beam of power 1.92 W, for a grating period of 30.5 μm. A maximum optic-optic conversion efficiency of 20% and 7.4% in the idler has been observed. It has been observed that the output power increases as the period of the grating increases.     

掺铒光纤中亚稳态粒子振荡和慢光时间延迟关系研究

由于光纤慢光在实际中的应用价值引起广泛关注. 技术手段上利用相干布居振荡效应实现光速可控更具有优势. 本文主要介绍了利用相干布居振荡效应 (CPO) 实现掺铒光纤中的光速减慢传输, 通过改变掺杂浓度、光纤长度、入射信号光及抽运光功率等参量, 具体研究了亚稳态粒子振荡和时间延迟的关系. 研究结果表明: 选择高浓度光纤、增加光纤长度、关闭抽运光源, 选择适当强度的信号光可以有效地增大时间延迟. 关键词： 掺铒光纤 时间延迟 相干布居振荡 慢光     

室温掺铒光纤放大器中实现参量控制无损耗光速减慢传输

本文对掺铒光纤放大器中的光速减慢传输系统进行深入研究,提出一种直接利用掺铒光纤放大器中抽运光 强度和掺铒光纤长度,通过优化控制参量来降低信号光强度损耗系数,从而可以实现无强度损耗光速减慢传输, 研究结果表明:当抽运光功率为3.5 mW时,信号光强度损耗系数近似为零;当抽运光关闭时,掺铒光纤长度为 0.1 m时,信号光强度损耗系数近似为零.     

非线性光纤环镜在受激布里渊散射慢光级联系统中的可行性研究

基于非线性光纤环镜(NOLM)的脉冲压缩特性,分析了NOLM在基于受激布里渊散射(SBS)慢光级联系统中对延迟脉冲的影响.利用环形结构来模拟多次级联,有效地降低了系统的复杂度,得到了在不同抽运光功率和级联次数下脉冲的延迟输出特性.理论分析表明,NOLM可以有效地抑制SBS慢光级联系统中延迟脉冲的展宽,抽运光功率决定了展宽因子的变化趋势及最终稳定值的大小,展宽因子在级联4次时趋于稳定值,恰当选取抽运光功率可实现脉冲的零展宽延迟;改变抽运光功率和级联次数可以实现延迟量的连续可调,且延迟量理论上不受限制;增大抽 关键词： 慢光 脉冲压缩 非线性光纤环镜 受激布里渊散射     

High-frequency signal processing using magnetic layered structures

We present a review of theoretical and experimental results for tunable microwave band-stop filters, band-pass filters, phase shifters, and a signal to noise enhancer, all based on a microstrip geometry and using a variety of magnetic thin films and layered structures. These devices are compatible in size and growth process with on-chip high-frequency electronics. For devices based on metallic ferromagnetic films of Fe and Permalloy, the operational frequency ranges from 5 to 35 GHz for external fields below 5 kOe. For the band-stop filters, we observed power attenuation up to ∼100 dB/cm, and an insertion loss on the order of ∼2-3 dB, for both Permalloy and Fe-based structures. We also explore the use of thin films of hexagonal ferrites, antiferromagnets, and liquid crystals, and show that useful devices can be constructed with films less than one 1 μm in thickness.     

原子系统中远失谐脉冲光束对的群速度操控

基于远失谐的四波混频过程, 在实验上得到了放大的探针光脉冲和产生的共轭光脉冲的同时慢光传输, 并通过改变抽运光和探针光之间的双光子失谐实现了群速度的同时操控. 首先在连续光模式下, 研究了入射探针光和新产生共轭光的增益与单光子失谐之间的变化关系. 随着单光子失谐在一定范围内加大, 探针光和共轭光的增益均表现出先增加后减小的变化趋势. 在具有增益特性的基础上, 分别采用6 μs和365 ns探针光脉冲, 研究了慢光的延迟时间和双光子失谐的关系. 对6 μs的探针光, 得到探针和共轭光脉冲的最大延迟分别为2.1 μs 和1.9 μs, 对应的群速度分别约为0.000119 c和0.000132 c, 相应延迟比分别为0.35和0.32. 对365 ns探针光, 探针和共轭光脉冲的最大延迟分别为756 ns和670 ns, 对应的群速度分别约为0.00033 c和0.00037 c, 相应延迟比提高到2.07和1.83.     

Self-Q-switched and mode-locked 946 nm Cr,Nd:YAG laser

A simultaneous self-Q-switched and mode-locked diode-pumped 946 nm laser by using a Cr,Nd:YAG crystal as gain medium as well as saturable absorber is demonstrated for the first time as we know. The maximum average output power of 751 mW with a slope efficiency of 18.38% is obtained at an intra-cavity average peak power intensity of 4.83 × 10⁶ W/cm². Under this circumstance, the repetition rate of Q-switched envelopes is 9.63 kHz and the pulse width is about 460 ns. Almost 100% mode-locked modulation depth is obtained at all time in the experiment process whether the incident pump power is low or high. The repetition rate of mode-locked pulses within a Q-switched envelope is 135.13 MHz and the mode-locked pulse width is within 600 ps. The laser produces high-quality pulses in TEM₀₀-mode in the simultaneous self-Q-switched and mode-locked experiment.     

A tunable fiber parametric oscillator for the 2 μm wavelength range employing an intra-cavity thulium doped fiber active filter

We report an efficient fiber parametric oscillator operating in the wavelengths range of 1.97 μm to 2.14 μm. The oscillator is based on narrow band parametric amplification and employs a thulium doped fiber placed at the loops end as an intra-cavity active filter. The filter eliminates any signal generated by stimulated Raman scattering which inherently accompanies the parametric process. Short wavelength parametric oscillations and the pump signal are also absorbed. Only the long wavelength parametric oscillations can build up in the resonantly pumped system which emits 4 ns pulses at ~ 1 MHz with a maximum peak pulse power of 20 W.     

Stimulated Brillouin scattering limited intensity-dependent four-wave mixing between pump and signal in a non-zero dispersion shifted fiber

The intensity-dependent four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency is derived by the nonlinear Schrodinger equations including the self phase modulation and cross phase modulation between the two Fabry–Perot modes of a pump and a single-wavelength signal. The maximum FWM for mixing the pump with signal in non-zero dispersion shifted fiber is explained as the minimum phase mismatch for FWM due to equal group delay for the pump and signal. It was also found that the experimental measurements for the generated FWM power are limited by the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold. Under the SBS threshold, the experimental results are still coincided well with the theoretical calculations of the FWM generated power ratio to have the difference of 0.12 dB for the input signal power of 12 mW.     

周期极化掺镁铌酸锂光学参量振荡器时域特性的实验研究

分别采用MOTORULA公司的硅基光电二极管探测器和JUDSON公司的InGaAs光电二极管探测器对泵浦光和信号光的脉宽进行了测量.研究了极化周期、工作温度以及抽运功率与周期极化掺镁铌酸锂光学参量振荡器输出的信号光脉冲宽度的作用关系.实验采用LD端面抽运的声光调Q Nd∶YVO4激光器作为抽运源,在晶体温度为30 ℃、极化周期为29.5 μm条件下,当抽运功率为1 008 mW时,获得了平均功率为238 mW的信号光输出,其光-光转换效率为23.6%,最窄脉冲宽度约为9.3 ns,相对抽运光脉宽被明显压窄.     

Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 laser at 1342 nm with V:YAG saturable absorber

We have demonstrated an efficient diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO₄ laser working at 1342 nm by using an uncoated V³⁺:YAG crystal as the saturable absorber, in which both a-cut and c-cut Nd:GdVO₄ crystals are employed. At the maximum absorbed pump power of 9.45 W, the maximum average output power can reach 519 mW and 441 mW corresponding to the output coupler with different transmission of 3% and 10% by using an a-cut Nd:GdVO₄ crystal at 1342 nm, while the shortest pulse duration could be as low as 21.7 ns and 22.3 ns with the repetition rate of 48.41 kHz and 53.25 kHz by using a c-cut Nd:GdVO₄ crystal, corresponding to the output coupler with different transmission of 3% and 10% at 1342 nm, and the single Q-switched pulse energy are 6.67 uJ and 7.06 uJ, the pulse peak power are 307 W and 316 W, respectively. The experimental results show that c-cut Nd:GdVO₄ laser can generate shorter pulse with higher peak power in comparison with a-cut one.