水的热膨胀的特点演示的探讨

初中物理:“水的热膨胀的特点”的演示在我数年的教学中一直没有做过,这主要是因为:当堂演示太费时间又和讲课配合不好,如让学生等着看实验结果,则大部同学感到索然无味,如不等结果而先讲其他内容,则又打乱了课堂的系统性。加以有些学校根本没有水的最大密度演示器,因之过去讲这一节时,往往只用挂图一讲了事。但后来在物理通报上看到一些老师对这个演示采取了各种不同的方法,从而取得了较好的成绩。为了提高教学质量,我把通报上前后所介绍的几种方法都做了几遍,从不断变换着的操作中给了我新的启示,我又用了     

氧的超导性的发现

氧是生物体和生命过程中的一种重要化学元素,也是大气的重要组成部分．氧的化学式为Ｏ２．从较早的科学研究中已经知道［１］,氧具有很强的顺磁性,随着温度的降低,不但氧的顺磁性增强,而且在一定的低温度下会从气态氧转变为液态氧,在一定的低温和压力条件下,还会从...     

核物质的物态方程的研究

在相对论σ–ω模型的单圈图近似下,详细推导了核物质的能量密度和压强密度表达式,数值计算了核物质的结合能和压强随核密度的变化,并分别在热力学和流体力学的理论框架下,计算了核物质的压强密度,结果表明这两种方法得到的压强密度相同.     

水的热膨胀的演示

利用某些物质溶解时的吸热现象来代替冰——例如按每克分子溶于水时NaNO_3吸热5.03大卡,K_2SO_4吸热6.38大卡,NH_4Cl吸热3.88大卡,只要将其中任何一种溶质溶解于水时,都能使温度降至0℃以下。我们掌握这一点,采用了工业常用的寒剂NH_4NO_3和NaNO_3分别做了实验,实验结果都成功。(一)实验步骤: ①用100c.c.的烧瓶装满纯净的冷水(蒸馏水),将橡皮塞穿两孔,分别插入温度计及内径很小长约15厘米的玻璃管(我们利用内径较大     

光的干涉的教学

光的干涉是关系到光的本性。它是证明光具有波动性质的明显实例,它又是直接关系到光的衍射和偏振的讲授,所以它是物理光学的重要部分。它对于工业生产亦很重要。在工业技术上应用它的亦很多,例如用它来精确地检查滚珠轴承合不合规格,用它来检验量度仪器够不够标准。     

气体的压强跟体积的关系的演示

初中物理学上册第三章第35节大气压的一个实验是:水由喷嘴向压强较低的玻璃管中喷入(见原书图55)。这个实验如果没有抽气机,就很难做。我     

稳定的驻极体的制备

本文以实验资料和新近理论为依据,论述了稳定的驻极体的制备。在常温下工作的驻极体最好用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)或聚全氟乙丙烯(FEP)制作;而长期在高温环境中(80—90℃)工作的驻极体,最好用聚二氯对苯撑二甲基(PDCPX)制作。稳定的驻极体的制备,不管用什么方法,极化后的热处理对其稳定性是必要的。     

铝的激发光谱的测量

用１２０ｋｅＶ的Ａｌ＋离子与１０μｇ／ｃｍ２的碳箔相互作用，研究ＡｌⅠ、ＡｌⅡ和ＡｌⅢ的激发光谱，其结果与其它实验进行了比较。     

光的干涉的应用

在科学和技术領域中,人們不断地利用着光的干涉原理解决了許多复杂的实际問題。例如在技术中对于光学表面磨光的检驗,光学部件质量的精密检定,长度微小改变的精密測定(干涉膨胀仪),增透光薄膜的制作,干涉滤光片的制作,軸承滾珠的分类和检驗等等。此外,对于光譜譜线精細結构的研究,物貭折射率的精密测定等也都逐渐轉入利用光的干涉方法来进行。由于光的干涉的应用是如此之广,因而对光干涉应用的各个方面作一全盘介紹显然是很难作到的,故仅就几个重要应用方面作一初步介紹。一、利用光的干涉检定螺旋測微器(千分尺) 在測微器的待量度的平面之間夹入一已知其厚度     

气体的压强与体积的关系的实验设计

气体的压强与体积的关系的实验设计陈银潭（江苏兴化市合塔中学２２５７４２）实验目的探索气体的压强与体积的关系．方法一实验器材５０ｍｌ玻璃注射器一只，彩色橡皮膜一块（或小气球）．器材装置（图１）图１实验步骤ｈ用橡皮膜做成直径约Ｚｅｍ的小气球，扎紧口后放人...     

News and Reports

SNS Construction Continues and Collaborations Grow, by Allen E. Ekkebus J-PARC Construction Proceeds, by Shoji Nagamiya and Yujiro Ikeda Dr. Nicholas Stephen Rosov (1959-2004), by Pat Gallagher, Dan Neumann, and Jeff Lynn FRM-II Reaches Full 20 MW Power, by Juergen Neuhaus     

News and Reports

Obituary: Bertram Neville Brockhouse (1918-2003), by E. C. Svensson and J. M. Rowe J. Michael Rowe Receives 2004 Clifford G. Shull Prize of the NSSA, Robert M. Briber BENSC Gets New Neutron Guide Hall, D. Clemens and P. Piwnicki SNS Instrument Installation Begins, Allen E. Ekkebus FRM-II Startup Underway, Jÿrgen Neuhaus Recent Progress on the J-PARC Project, Shoji Nagamiya and Masa Arai     

超导磁约束系统中超导磁体涡流损耗的研究

在超导磁约束系统中,超导磁体与射频场、磁场、声场、电场等复合场的兼容耦合是系统稳定运行的关键。探讨了在13.56 MHz频率下的Shoji型天线产生的高频电磁波对超导磁体的影响,高频电磁波会在超导磁体表面产生涡流损耗,进而产生功率损耗并生成热量,导致超导磁体失超。为避免失超现象的发生,在超导磁体室温孔内采用金属屏蔽层进行防护。利用COMSOL软件对整个电磁-射频非线性耦合场进行建模仿真分析,完成了屏蔽层结构的优化选择。基于计算结果,分析讨论了屏蔽层厚度和高度变化对超导磁体上涡流损耗功率的变化影响。通过对超导磁体涡流损耗功率随屏蔽层参数变化进行拟合,最终得到了优化后的屏蔽层参数。     

Simulation of the electromagnetic characters of a Faraday-shielded antenna in a helicon wave plasma source

In this article, a structure that employs a Faraday shield between the Shoji antenna and the dielectric tube, which aims to reduce the dielectric wall sputtering, is investigated for the helicon wave plasma (HWP) sources. Faraday shield is usually used between the antenna and the reaction chamber to reduce the radiation from the high electromagnetic field generation, as well as to prevent the sputtering of the antenna material from polluting the reaction chamber during the discharge. Here, the influence of the Faraday shield on the longitudinal and radial electric field of the antenna is analysed through COMSOL Multiphysics^TM. Significant attenuations of both the longitudinal and radial fields are observed in the presence of the shield. In addition, by comparing the electric field distribution under two different shielding parameters, it is found that the shielding effects are not the same. Therefore, a detailed study of two kinds of design (pitch and gap) for the shield was carried out. The results show that the pitch has a little impact on the overall shielding effect when the gap is unaltered. The best shielding performance appears when we set the pitch at T of 8 and 10. In addition, the shielding effect also becomes worse as the gap increases while the pitch remains unchanged. A relatively good shielding effect can be produced by setting the gap to the value of 4–8 mm (a gap/pitch ratio of 2/15–4/15). This work provides a theoretical basis for designing a Faraday shield structure between the antenna and the dielectric tube, which is helpful to realize stable and controllable HWP discharges.     

A method for an analysis of kinematical target-mass effects on the structure functions

An Altarelli-Parisi type evolution equation which incorporates kinematical target-mass effects is given by separating out purely kinematical parts from ones given by the perturbative QCD. Based on this separation, a simple method for an analysis of kinematical target-mass effects on the structure function is given.     

Conservation laws and associated Lie point symmetries admitted by the transient heat conduction problem for heat transfer in straight fins

Some new conservation laws for the transient heat conduction problem for heat transfer in a straight fin are constructed. The thermal conductivity is given by a power law in one case and by a linear function of temperature in the other. Conservation laws are derived using the direct method when thermal conductivity is given by the power law and the multiplier method when thermal conductivity is given as a linear function of temperature. The heat transfer coefficient is assumed to be given by the power law function of temperature. Furthermore, we determine the Lie point symmetries associated with the conserved vectors for the model with power law thermal conductivity.     

Number of spin I states for bosons*

We study number of spin I states for bosons in this paper. We extend Talmi's recursion formulas for number of states with given spin I to boson systems, and we prove empirical formulas for five bosons by using these recursions. We give number of states with given spin I and isospin F for three and four bosons by using sum rules of six-j and nine-j symbols. We also present formulas of states with given spin I and given F-spin for three and four single-l bosons.     

Group structures on some families of 6-manifolds

We consider abelian groups formed by simply connected closed oriented smooth 6-manifolds with given 2-dimensional homology and given 2-dimensional Stiefel-Whitney class. In particular, an effective presentation of these groups is given.     

关于引力场的能量问题

本文讨论引力场中局部区域的能量问题。这里提出了一个新的引力场总能量-动量赝张量密度,它所表示的引力场局部空间区域中的能量对纯空间坐标变换是不变量,因而引力场的局部区域能量具有确定的物理意义。关于Schwarzschild场的能量和动量,新的赝张量给出的结果要比现有广义相对论文献中的其他形式的赝张量所给出的结果较为合理。文中还讨论了在引力理论中质量与能量的关系问题。 关键词：     

Limit Theorems for Self-Similar Tilings

We study deviation of ergodic averages for dynamical systems given by self-similar tilings on the plane and in higher dimensions. The main object of our paper is a special family of finitely-additive measures for our systems. An asymptotic formula is given for ergodic integrals in terms of these finitely-additive measures, and, as a corollary, limit theorems are obtained for dynamical systems given by self-similar tilings.