汶川地震断裂带岩脉矿物拉曼谱峰特征

对汶川地震断裂带深溪沟出露的基岩错动面两侧岩脉中的石英矿物进行了拉曼谱峰测定, 并根据所测石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数的偏移量估算了断裂带中的压应力分布。测试结果表明, 错动面附近岩脉中石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量为3.29 cm-1, 相应的压应力值为368.63 MPa, 明显低于错动面两侧应力积累, 这可能是由于错动面的多次活动导致了应力不断得到释放。断裂南东盘(下盘)远离错动面, 岩脉中石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量具有增加的趋势, 相应的应力积累也逐渐增强, 距错动面21 m处的石英样品的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移4.40 cm-1, 相应压应力可达到494.77 MPa。剖面北西盘(上盘)在距错动面10 m处, 样品464 cm-1拉曼谱峰的偏移量达到最大值, 相应的应力积累为519.87 MPa, 其后远离错动面应力积累开始减弱, 在北西盘17 m处, 应力积累骤然下降至400.37 MPa。在西北盘距错动面27 m处, 岩脉石英的464 cm-1拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移量下降至3.21 cm-1, 应力已经减弱到359.59 MPa, 这可能是由于该处位于断裂带的边缘, 远离错动面, 受到了较小的断层活动的影响。因此, 汶川地震断裂带内的应力虽然得到部分释放, 但剩余的应力分布并不均匀, 而且在局部还存在较高的应力积累, 这反应了断裂带中岩石的力学性质在空间上具有不均匀性。     

汶川地震断裂带断层泥矿物拉曼光谱特征

系统测定了汶川地震断裂带深溪沟剖面断层泥中石英和方解石颗粒的拉曼谱峰。测试结果表明,受到断层滑动、 断裂带构造挤压应力作用,所有样品的特征拉曼谱峰向高波数偏移。所测样品中微裂隙发育、 与绿泥石等粘土矿物共生的石英颗粒的464 cm-1谱峰向高波数偏移量为2.50 cm-1,而比较完整的纯净石英颗粒的464 cm-1谱峰偏移量为3.78 cm-1。这可能是由于石英颗粒早期发育大量微裂隙,并填充了松散的粘土矿物,增加了石英颗粒的表面积,从而加速了石英内应力的释放。断层泥中方解石颗粒的1 085 cm-1谱峰向高波数偏移2.70 cm-1,为汶川8.0级地震断层面所受构造压应力所致。根据方解石颗粒拉曼谱峰的变化及已有的实验数据,估计汶川地震发生时断层面所受压应力的下限为496 MPa。研究表明,对断裂带内矿物颗粒进行拉曼谱峰测试,可以为推测断层活动时断层面所受到的力学机制提供依据。     

常温0～1GPa压力下重晶石的拉曼光谱研究

利用碳化硅压腔装置研究了高压下重晶石的S-O对称伸缩振动v987和对称弯曲振动v452及v462的拉曼光谱变化特征.实验结果表明:在常温和0～1GPa压力范围内重晶石稳定,其拉曼谱峰随压力升高向高波数方向移动,二者的关系表达式分别为:v987=0.004 4p+987.42,v452=0.002 3p+452.6,v462=0.001 8p+462.42,而且伸缩振动受压力的影响比弯曲振动大.重晶石的987 cm-1拉曼谱峰强度约为石英464 cm-1拉曼谱峰的六倍,可作为压腔中良好的压力标定物.实验得到压力与重晶石987 cm-1峰偏移量的关系为:p(MPa)=223.16×(△vp)987-90.35(987 cm-1相似文献   

银(Ⅰ)、镉(Ⅱ)4-巯基吡啶配合物的光谱研究

采用常规溶液反应蒸发法以4-巯基吡啶(简写为4-MPy)为有机配体与银、镉的硝酸盐合成了两种金属有机配合物。并利用红外、拉曼、紫外-可见光谱技术对4-MPy及合成的配位化合物进行了研究,对主要红外和拉曼谱带进行了经验归属,并进一步讨论了配体和配合物的特征吸收谱带与配合物结构间的关系。在红外光谱中,配体在1 459cm-1处的吸收峰归属为CC和CN复合振动峰,形成配合物后在两种配合物中,此吸收峰分别向高波数位移至1 464和1 464cm-1。在拉曼光谱中,两种有机配位化合物在1 004和1 008cm-1处归属为环呼吸振动峰、在1 617和1 615cm-1处归属为环伸缩振动峰、在720和720cm-1处归属为β(C—C)和ν(C—S)的复合振动峰,各自十分相似。     

肺癌患者及正常人指甲的红外光谱比较研究

用傅立叶变换红外光谱研究了6例肺癌患者和16例正常人手指甲的红外光谱.结果表明,它们在峰形,峰频率,峰强等方面均有差异:在3315cm-1处蛋白质酰胺A带N-H峰向低波数频移,而在3061cm-1处蛋白质酰胺B带N-H峰向高波数频移;在1539cm-1处蛋白质酰胺I带和1396cm-1处角蛋白脂质CH3弯曲振动向低波数频移;CH2和CH3的相对吸收强度比值A2848/A2872和A2918/A2956在肺癌患者指甲中要小于正常人指甲;在1072cm-1处核酸分子磷酸二酯基团PO-2的对称伸缩振动的相对吸收强度明显高于正常人指甲;在1041cm-1处糖原C-O的伸缩和弯曲振动峰向高波数频移了约6cm-1.     

高压下橄榄石的激光拉曼光谱研究

本文以实验为基础,给出了石英及橄榄石的拉曼谱图,利用不同压力点石英的拉曼位移公式计算了不同压力点的压力值;由橄榄石拉曼谱图得到了橄榄石拉曼特征峰随压力的变化情况:随压力的升高,橄榄石的拉曼特征峰向高波数方向偏移,两个拉曼峰之间的波数差减小,半峰宽增大,并且橄榄石的拉曼特征峰波数随压力的变化不是线性的。     

0.1~800 MPa压力下方解石拉曼光谱的实验研究

 利用石英的拉曼谱峰与温度和压力的关系，检验了在金刚石压腔中用方解石拉曼谱峰确定体系压力的可行性，并初步确定了在常温下方解石的拉曼谱峰与压力的关系。实验研究结果表明：在实验的压力范围内方解石稳定，且其1 085 cm^-1 谱峰约为石英464 cm^-1谱峰的3倍强度，因此非常适合作为热液金刚石压腔的压力标定物。在温度26 ℃、压力0.1~800 MPa条件下，方解石的拉曼谱峰（1 085 cm^-1）随着压力的增加，呈线形增大，其关系式为：p(MPa)=192×(ν_p－1 085)－21.8，1 085 cm^-1<ν_p<1 090 cm^-1。     

近红外拉曼光谱快速检测地榆

采用先进的共焦显微拉曼光谱仪,测试了地榆的拉曼光谱,绘出地榆拉曼一阶导数谱。地榆拉曼光谱中,在155、195、902、1466、1476cm-1等处出现明显的特征峰。地榆拉曼谱的一阶导数谱,在152,192,900,157,197,905cm-1等处出现明显特征峰。分析地榆拉曼光谱,确认主要归属与已有的地榆化学成分研究结果相符。地榆拉曼光谱及其一阶导数谱可作为地榆快速准确检测的依据。     

高温高压下方解石相转变的拉曼光谱原位实验研究

用热液金刚石压腔装置结合拉曼光谱技术研究了高温高压下方解石的相变过程及拉曼光谱特征。结果表明:常温条件下,体系压力增至1 666和2 127 MPa时,方解石的拉曼特征峰155cm-1消失,1 087cm-1峰分裂为1 083和1 090cm-1两个谱峰、282cm-1峰突然降至231cm-1,证明其转变为方解石-Ⅱ和方解石-Ⅲ。在起始压力为2 761MPa和低于171℃的升温过程中,方解石-Ⅲ的拉曼散射的各个特征振动峰没有变化。当温度达到171℃,方解石晶体完全变成不透明状,其对称伸缩振动峰1 087cm-1、面内弯曲振动峰713cm-1和晶格振动峰155和282cm-1均发生突变,说明方解石-Ⅲ相变生成一种碳酸钙新相。体系降至常温,该新相一直保持稳定不变,表明高温高压下方解石向碳酸钙新相的转变过程是不可逆的。方解石-Ⅲ与碳酸钙新相之间的相变线方程为P(MPa)=9.09.T(℃)+1 880。碳酸钙新相的对称伸缩振动峰(ν1 087)随压力、温度的变化率分别为dν/dP=5.1(cm-1.GPa-1),dν/dT=-0.055 3(cm-1.℃-1)。     

蒜氨酸和甲基蒜氨酸的红外及拉曼光谱研究

利用傅里叶红外光谱和共聚焦显微拉曼光谱技术,比较分析了大蒜主要功能活性成分前体蒜氨酸和甲基蒜氨酸粉末纯品的红外和拉曼谱。在3 200～2 800 cm-1和1 700～200 cm-1波段检测到显著的红外和拉曼吸收峰,其中蒜氨酸在3 080,1 617,1 582,1 496,1 418,1 342,1 301,919 cm-1处有8个较强的红外吸收峰,以及在3 088,1 636,1 404,1 290,1 051,790,745,693,588 cm-1处有9个较强的拉曼振动峰,可作为蒜氨酸的特征峰;甲基蒜氨酸在1 644,1 481,1 395,1 370,1 233,1 068,1 004,892 cm-1处有8个较强的红外吸收峰,以及在1 644,1 310,1 073,1 011,998,893,846,702,676 cm-1处有9个较强的拉曼振动峰,可作为甲基蒜氨酸的特征峰。蒜氨酸和同系物甲基蒜氨酸的红外及拉曼光谱具有明显差异,红外及拉曼光谱技术为蒜氨酸及其同系物的快速、 简便的分析提供了方法。     

Structural analysis of the fracture surface of a heterogeneous body (quartz sandstone)

The structure of surface layers of quartz sandstone with a thickness of ~1 μm before and after destruction by a compressive stress is studied by methods of infrared, photoluminescent, and Raman spectroscopy. Before destruction, this layer contained quartz grains cemented with montmorrillonite and kaolinite. The grains are covered with a thin water layer and have crystallographic defects: Si–O^–, self-trapped excitons, AlOH and LiOH compounds, [AlO₄]^– centers, etc. The destructed surface contains separate quartz grains with sizes of ~2 μm and a reduced defect concentration. It is assumed that the defects reduce the strength of quartz grains, which are destroyed in the first turn.     

定量单轴压力下单晶硅片原位拉曼谱峰测试

测量获得了金刚石压腔系统中碳化钨基座单轴下的总压应力(F/N)-应变(ε/μm/m)关系: F=3.395ε+12.212(R2=0.999 9),研制出可以在定量单轴压力下原位测试样品谱学特征的装置。利用该装置测试了单轴压力在2548.664 MPa下单晶硅片的拉曼谱峰。测试结果表明,当压力垂直于单晶硅样品[100]结晶面时,样品的519.12 cm-1谱峰随压力增大有规律的向高频方向偏移,谱峰频移量(Δω/cm-1)与压力(σ/MPa)的增加呈显著的线性关系,线性方程为σ=365.80Δω+10.19。式中的常数项在一定程度上反应了样品本身存在的残余应力;一次项系数与理论计算得到的结果存在一定差异,可能是由于本实验考虑了样品受力的定向性。Δω-σ线性关系式中的常数项可能代表两层含义：一是实验过程中存在的误差;二是在一定程度上反应了硅片本身存在的内应力的大小。     

TEM and HRTEM study of influence of thermal cycles with stress on dynamic recrystallization in Ti46Al8Nb1B during creep

Short-term tension creep and thermal cycles under compressive stress were performed on Ti46Al8Nb1B in order to explore the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains formed during the creep and the impact of thermal cycles under stress to the DRX. After 1600 times' thermal cycles from 300 degrees C to 800 degrees C under 300 MPa compressive stress, high density of ledges and thick ledges are found in the interfaces. Two kinds of moiré fringes, instead of 9R structure, can be found in the thick ledges. Ti46Al8Nb1B sample and another sample which was treated by thermal cycles with stress were crept under 300 MPa compressive stress at 800 degrees C. DRX grains are found in the interfaces in those samples. Those grains, formed at the ledges, have an orientation relationship of [101](gamma)//[011](gammaR), (1 1 1)(gamma)//(1 11 )(gammaR) with the matrix of gamma phases. Thermal cycles with stress could lead to more DRX grains during creep.     

Emission of dislocations from grain boundaries by grain boundary dissociation

In this article, we examine the conditions that favour the emission of Shockley partial dislocations (SPDs) that standoff from a grain boundary (GB) plane by a few lattice parameters as part of the atomic structure of some GBs. To do so, we consider GBs to be formed by the operation of arrays of intrinsic grain boundary dislocations (GBDs) that create the tilt and twist misorientation, and the lattice mismatch between the two crystal grains adjoining the GB. The conditions to be considered that favour SPDs are the following: (1) Frank’s rule, (2) the proper sequential arrangement of partial dislocations to bound an intrinsic stacking fault and (3) the equilibrium stand-off distance (ESD). We apply an isotropic elasticity analysis to compute the ESD, in the absence of an applied stress, for SPDs emerging from asymmetric tilt GBs in two FCC metals, Cu and Al. The ESD is shown to be dependent on the glide plane orientation relative to the GB plane and on the position of the glide planes, relative to the position of the GBDs. An applied stress increases the ESD up to a critical stress that removes the SPDs without limit from the GB. We examine the effect of the stacking fault energy on the ESD and critical stress. The critical stress is effectively linearly dependent on the stacking fault energy. Finally, we present results of atomistic simulations of asymmetric tilt Σ11[1?0?1]{4?1?4}||{2?5?2} GBs in Cu bicrystal models subject to shock loading that behave in a manner similar to the elasticity predictions. The atomistic simulations reveal additional behaviour associated with elastic incompatibility between the two grains in the bicrystal models.     

粤西坡仔营钼矿花岗质岩石光谱学特征及意义

选取粤西坡仔营钼矿的花岗质岩石,研究其XRD,FT-NIR和Raman光谱特征。与花岗斑岩及远带样品相比,近带花岗岩样品XRD衍射信号弱,FT-NIR吸收信号强,石英Raman光谱信号弱。分析表明,其石英(101)晶面的XRD衍射峰、绢云母铝羟基(Al—OH)的FT-NIR特征峰(4 529 cm-1)及石英本征位移峰(464 cm-1)的半高宽均大于前二者。与其他样品不同,近带样品造岩矿物含量低,低温蚀变矿物含量高;且该带内矿物结晶度、有序度及结晶温度均较低。研究认为,坡仔营钼矿发育着一个以花岗斑岩为中心的面型低温蚀变带,而控制钼成矿的石英斑岩实为该蚀变带靠近官山嶂岩体的一部分。     

The testing of stress-sensitivity in heteroepitaxy GaN/Si by Raman spectroscopy

In this paper the stress-sensitive features of hexagonal-GaN (H-GaN) and cubic-Si (C-Si) were investigeted. The H-GaN films have been grown on Si (1 1 1) substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The Raman peaks of GaN E₂ (high) and Si (TO) have a blueshift when applying displacement-loadings which parallel the (0 0 0 2) plane of H-GaN. According to the relationship between stress changing and Raman peak shifts, the values of compressive stress in both materials were larger with increasing the displacement-loadings. The stress-sensitivity of H-GaN up to 93.5 MPa/μm which higher than C-Si which testing is 467.9 MPa/μm and the nonlinear error σ of GaN films is 0.1639 and Si is 0.0698. The measurement has a great significance to deeply research the piezoelectric polarization of H-GaN in future. This finding is important for the understanding and application of nitride semiconductors.     

淬火天然与合成紫黄晶显微中红外光谱研究

紫黄晶是珍贵的水晶变种，其紫-黄色区域分别具有特征的中红外吸收光谱，在不同温度具有不同变化规律，这些规律无法在单次、单点实验中加以总结。实验通过热处理和显微红外光谱技术，对不同温度淬火紫黄晶的紫-黄色区进行线扫描，分析一系列温度、空间变化下的中红外光谱，实验表明水对于紫黄晶的颜色影响不大，在加热过程中谱线会发生规律性变化。紫色区3 585和3 614 cm-1尖锐峰、3 400 cm-1附近宽泛峰同时变化表明宝石在受热过程以结构水变化为主，而受热后紫色区的特征峰减弱及黄区特征峰增强的现象可能与结构水中H+或其他阳离子的移动有关。同时发现对于热处理产生的黄晶，中红外光谱仍保持紫晶特征吸收光谱。     

Plastic zone boundary and Poisson’s ratio depending on plastic loosening

A more accurate determination of the plastic zone boundary for plane strain and plane stress state is proposed. The plastic zone boundary is determined with regard to plastic loosening, given exact stress distribution and Schleicher yield criterion. The presence of mean normal stress in the Schleicher criterion ensures uniform expansion of the plastic zone. The dependence of Poisson’s ratio and constraint ratio for plastic strain on plastic loosening of material is examined. These parameters peak at the tip or in the immediate vicinity of a stress concentrator and decrease with distance from it. In a small neighborhood of the crack tip, a region is found in which Poisson’s ratio is impossible to determine from the Schleicher criterion. The size of this region is identified with the size of the region of exhausted plasticity.