甲烷电离特性的等离子体发射光谱法研究

应用等离子体发射光谱法,用CCD(charge coupled device)光栅光谱仪记录并标识了脉冲电晕甲烷等离子体370～1 100 nm的发射光谱,确定了常温常压下高纯甲烷(99.99%)经100 kV, 100 Hz脉冲高压电离后的产物为H,C+,CH,C,C₂,C₃, C₄,C₅和烃等。通过分析实验检测到的甲烷等离子体发射光谱,给出了甲烷经脉冲高压电离形成电晕等离子体的机理和自由基CH_n(n=3,2,1)、碳、烃等产物的电离途径。结果显示甲烷分子经高能电子非弹性碰撞后脱氢程度很高,大量氢原子及其离子和甲烷自由基在进一步被高能电子作用下合成了烯烃、炔烃、烷烃和高聚碳化物。实验所获得的脉冲甲烷等离子体发射光谱及其机理分析可为甲烷及其转化研究提供相关依据。     

利用发射光谱研究脉冲电晕放电中的自由基

利用发射光谱技术在大气压下测量了以氮气为载气的不饱和水蒸气体系针-板式正脉冲电晕放电产生的OH(A^2∑→X^2Ⅱ0—O)自由基和O(3p^5P→3s^5S^02777．4nm),Ha(3P→2S 656．3nm)活性原子的发射光谱,并由N2(C^3Ⅱu→B^3Ⅱg)的△v=-3和△v=-4振动带序发射光谱强度计算得出N2(C,v)的相对振动布居及其振动温度,进而采用高斯分布拟合准确地求出了N2(C^3Ⅱu→B^3Ⅱg)的△v= 1振动带序发射光谱强度,从而可以由N2(C^3Ⅱu→B^3Ⅱg)的△v= 1振动带序与OH(A^2∑→X^2Ⅱ0—0)的重叠发射光谱中准确求出OH(A^2∑→X^2Ⅱ0—0)自由基的发射光谱强度。由发射光谱强度得到了激发态OH(A^3∑)自由基和O(3p^5P),Ha(3P)活性原子的布居。还研究了激发态OH(A^2∑)自由基和O(3p^5P),Ha(3P)活性原子的布居随放电电压和放电频率的变化以及氧气对激发态OH(A^2∑)自由基和O(3p^5P),Ha(3P)活性原子布居的影响。     

Yb3+掺杂KY(WO4)2激光晶体生长、结构与光谱分析

采用顶部籽晶提拉法(TSSG)生长出Yb:KY(WO4)2(Yb:KYW)激光晶体.对预烧后的原料及晶体进行了XRD分析,结果表明,分别在920℃和600℃预烧8h后的熔质和助熔剂基本上形成一相,抑止了实验中的挥发问题;所生长的晶体为β-Yb:KYW,计算其晶格常数为a=1.063nm,b=1.034nm,c=0.755nm,β=130.75°.测得不同厚度样品的吸收光谱,结果表明样品在933nm和981nm有较强的吸收峰,计算出主峰981nm的吸收截面σabs=5.34×10-20cm2.测得样品的荧光光谱,计算出主峰1030nm受激发射截面σem=3.1×10-20cm2,并估算其荧光寿命为0.56ms,与实测值0.60ms吻合.计算出激发态最小粒子数(β)、饱和抽运强度(Isat)和最小抽运强度(Imin),通过与其他掺Yb3+晶体比较,结果表明Yb:KYW晶体的Imin(0.24kW/cm2)很小.     

纳秒脉冲激光诱导空气等离子体的近红外辐射特性

开展纳秒激光诱导空气等离子体近红外辐射特性的实验研究,对波长为532 nm的脉冲ns激光诱导产生的空气等离子体的近红外光谱进行测量.结果表明:空气等离子体的近红外辐射在光谱范围为1100-2400 nm内由连续谱和线状谱组成,光谱指认表明线谱主要来源于N,O原子的中性原子谱和氮分子的振动光谱.通过对连续谱的分析得知,黑体辐射是连续辐射的主要来源.空气中波长1128 nm附近的辐射,可能是N和O中性原子谱的贡献.保持真空腔内气压不变,改变腔内氮气和氧气气体组分含量,分析测得的红外光谱数据,可知混合气体中氧气和氮气含量变化只对波长为1128 nm附近的辐射有影响.利用二元线性回归分析对数据进行分析后得知,氧气对波长为1128 nm附近的辐射贡献较大.最后从电离难易的角度分析造成这一结果的原因.     

用henke X光源标定Kodak SWR底片的响应曲线

利用Henke X光源,通过电子激发方式,获得了C的K_a线(277eV)和Mo的L线(193eV),通过X光激发方式,获得了Al的K_a线(1.5keV)和Ti的K_a线(4.5keV)。利用流气式正比计数管监测X射线强度,测得了Kodak SWR底片对以上四种能量的X光的响应曲线。     

配合物[Mn(phen)2Cl2]的合成与表征

采用常规溶液法合成了金属Mn-邻菲罗啉(phen)固体配合物,通过X射线衍射测得配合物[Mn(phen)2Cl2]晶体结构.Mr=486.25,单斜晶系,空间群为P21/c.其晶胞参数为a=0.9464(1)nm,b=1.5196(1)nm,c=1.4510(1)nm,β=98.890(9)°,V=2.0618(4)nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.567×10-3 kg·m-3,F(000)=988;最终偏差因子R1=0.0305,wR2=0.0694和R1=0.0448,wR2=0.0723.并通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、紫外光谱分析对其进行表征.     

[Co (C5O2H8)2]·H3COH的 水热合成和晶体结构

合成了[Co (C5O2H8)2]·H3COH金属配合物,通过X射线衍射仪测得配合物[Co(C5O2HD2]·H3COH的晶体结构.晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为P2 (1)/c,其晶胞参数为a=0.93325(16)nm,b=1.15015(16)nm,c=1.30029(16)nm,α=90.00°,γ=90.00°,...     

CF自由基二光子共振增强多光子电离研究：5p Rydberg态观测与分析

报道260—360nm波长范围内CF自由基(2+1)共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)激发谱的研究-CF自由基通过Ar/CF₄,Ar/CF₂Cl₂或Ar/CF₃COOH混合气体的直流脉冲放电产生-在260—295nm波长范围内,观测到一个新的高Rydbery态振动序列,其带源位于295-22nm(2hν=67746cm^-1),分析表明,该振动序列来源于5p Rydberg态的二光子共振激发,测得的振 关键词：     

He+和He2+离子与碱金属原子Li碰撞中的靶激发

本文在q×(20—150)keV的能量范围内,通过光学测量,对He⁺和He²⁺离子与碱余属原子Li碰撞过程中的靶激发过程进行了研究。由光学多道分析系统(OMA),测得LiI 670.8nm(2p→2s),LiI610.4nm(3d→2p),LiI460.3nm(4d→2p)和LiI812.6nm(3s→2p)谱线。给出所观察到的谱线的发射截面和相立的Li(2p)激发截面。对He⁺与Li碰撞过程,LiI670.8nm谱线发射截面与Aumayr 关键词：     

橙红色荧光粉Ca3Y2(Si3O9)2∶Sms3+的制备及发光性能的表征

采用高温固相法合成了Ca3Y2－2x(Si3O9)2∶2xSm3+系列荧光粉,并表征了材料的发光特性.X射线衍射图谱表明:得到的样品为纯相Ca3Y2(Si3O9)2晶体;样品的激发光谱主要来源于Sm3+的特征激发;分别采用紫外、近紫外和蓝光作为激发源,样品均发射橙红光.在402 nm近紫外光激发下,Ca3Y2(Si3O9)2∶Sm3+发射光谱主要由3个峰组成,发射峰值分别位于565 nm、604 nm和651 nm,归属于Sm3+的4G5/2→6HJ/2(J=5, 7, 9)跃迁,其中发射主峰位于604 nm处.通过时间分辨光谱测得Sm3+的4G5/2能级的荧光寿命.随着Sm3+摩尔浓度的增加,样品发光强度先增强后减弱,当x=0.02时发光强度达到最大,浓度猝灭机理为电偶极-电偶极相互作用.     

类Ne锌X射线激光的实验研究

介绍了在“星光”装置上进行的类Ｎｅ锌Ｘ射线激光实验．激光器输出能量为１８０～２００），单脉冲泵浦时观测到２６．２ｎｍ、２６．７ｎｍ（Ｊ＝２—１）两条激光线，加预脉冲方式泵浦时观测到了２１．２ｎｍ（Ｊ＝０—１）、２６．２ｎｍ、２６．７ｎｍ（Ｊ＝２—１）和３１．４ｎｍ（Ｊ＝２—１）四条激光线。     

970 nm抽运下Tm3+/Yb3+共掺氧氟玻璃的频率上转换发光

稀土离子掺杂的氧氟玻璃是一种新型上转换发光材料。制备了Tm^3／Yb^3＋单掺、共掺的摩尔分数为n（SiO2）-0．30,n（PbF2）-0．50,n=（Al2O3）=0．15,n（AlF3）=（0．049-x）,n（TmF3）=y,n（YbF3）=x（x=0,0．001,0．010,0．015,0．020,y=0,0．001）系统氧氟玻璃,研究了其上转换发光特性、分析了其上转换发光机理。研究发现,在970nm抽运光源激发下,Tm^3＋单掺时没有可见光上转换发射;而加入Yb^3＋后产生了强的蓝光（452nm,476nm）、红光（647nm）及近红外光（791nm）发射,分别对应如下辐射跃迁：^1D2→^3F4、^1G4→^3H6、^1G4→^3F4和^3H4→^3H6;且随着Yb^3＋离子浓度的增加上转换发光增强。在970nm光源抽运下用Yb^3＋敏化Tm^3＋可以显著提高其上转换发光强度,且随着Yb^3＋离子浓度的增加,增强了对抽运光源的吸收并提高了Yb^3＋到T^3＋”的能量转移几率,从而增强了上转换发光强度。     

Observation of 280 nm and 298 nm ultraviolet emissions in sodium vapor

Dye laser output around 578 nm is utilized to pump sodium vapor confined in a heatpipe. Fixed wavelength ultraviolet emissions at 280 nm and 298 nm are observed for the first time and can be explained by anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two photon emission respectively. In addition, there are tunable emission lines around 280 nm and 298 nm, the frequencies of which vary with pump laser wavelength. These tunable lines can be explained by four-wave mixing schemes.     

n-Si(As):Yb1130nm四能级发光研究

在n-Si(As):Yb中首次观察到1130nm的尖锐发光.通过掺入Yb的剂量与发光强度的关系以及红外吸收、透射光谱的测量,讨论了敏化剂Yb与激活剂As之间能量传递过程.适当选取Yb与As的浓度比可提高发光效率.     

(1)H-(17)O nuclear-quadrupole double-resonance study of hydrogen disorder in 2-nitrobenzoic acid

Temperature dependence of (17)O nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies was measured in solid 2-nitrobenzoic acid by a (1)H-(17)O nuclear quadrupole double resonance technique. The experimental results show the presence of a fast exchange of hydrogen atoms between two nonequivalent positions within the O-H ellipsis O hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen disorder is ascribed to concerted jumps of two hydrogen atoms within the hydrogen bonds connecting two molecules in a dimer. The energy difference DeltaE of the two hydrogen configurations is equal to DeltaE = 60 meV = 5.8 kJ/mol. The dipole structure of the (17)O NQR lines from the C-O-H oxygen positions was also measured at -100 degrees C and at room temperature. The orientation of the principal axes of the electric field gradient tensor with respect to the O-H bond and the sign of the quadrupole coupling constant were determined. The oxygen-hydrogen distance R(O-H), as determined from the dipole structure of the (17)O NQR lines is at -100 degrees C equal to 0.099 nm. At room temperature we observe a longer distance, R(O-H) = 0.101 nm, in agreement with the hydrogen intrabond exchange.     

Synthesis of w-CdS quantum dots and discovery of intense sub band emission owing to longitudinal optical phonons

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs), capped with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and was synthesized as stable, aqueous, colloidal nanofluid. A series of nine intense, well-resolved emission lines between 400 and 750 nm were observed for the first time when exciting the CdS QDs nanofluid with a 355-nm high energy pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation. The energy separation between any two successive emission lines equals to the characteristic overtone energy of 295 cm⁻¹ of the longitudinal optical phonon of CdS QDs. In addition, recording the PL spectrum by using a xenon broad band light source resulted in the observation of this characteristic overtone energy of 295 cm⁻¹. In agreement with this photoluminescence characteristic, Raman spectrum exhibited four prominent Stokes lines with Raman shift equal to and multiple of 295 cm⁻¹. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed that the CdS QDs were spherical with hexagonal wurtzite structure and had a size in the range of 5–10 nm.     

Monoenergetic proton beams accelerated by a radiation pressure driven shock

We report on the acceleration of impurity-free quasimononenergetic proton beams from an initially gaseous hydrogen target driven by an intense infrared (λ=10 μm) laser. The front surface of the target was observed by optical probing to be driven forward by the radiation pressure of the laser. A proton beam of ～MeV energy was simultaneously recorded with narrow energy spread (σ～4%), low normalized emittance (～8 nm), and negligible background. The scaling of proton energy with the ratio of intensity over density (I/n) confirms that the acceleration is due to the radiation pressure driven shock.     

Stimulated Raman Scattering in Hydrogen Using Capilary Cell

Abstract

Stimulated Raman Scattering processes have been studied and intense Stokes and anti—Stokes laser lines have been observed in a capillary Raman cell filled with molecular hydrogen and pumped by the third harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser at wavelength ?D = 355 nm. Various parametric studies have been performed to establish an optimum condition for the best operation of the Raman laser. The observation of higher—order Stokes and anti—Stokes has been explained on the basis of four—wave mixing and/or cascade energy transfer processes.     

High-resolution spectrum of xenon ions at 13.4 nm

The spectrum of xenon excited in a low-inductance vacuum spark was photographed at high resolution in the region of 9.5-15.5 nm. The observed transitions were identified as belonging to ions from Xe8+ to Xe13+. In the region of importance for extreme-ultraviolet lithography around 13.4 nm, the strongest lines were identified as 4d8-4d7 5p transitions in Xe10+. The identifications were made by use of energy parameters extrapolated along the isoelectronic sequence.     

Hot photoluminescence of GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures under high excitation by a single shot of 30 ps, 532 nm laser

Energy-resolved decay times and time-resolved spectra of hot photoluminescence of GaAs-AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures at 77 K under high excitation (50 MW/cm²) were measured by single shot experiments with the use of a 30 ps, 532 nm laser, a streak camera, and an optical multichannel analyzer. It was found that the transition between higher subbands (n=2 e-hh) appears and its intensity relaxes with a decay time of about 200 ps. The theoretical expression for carrier relaxation in a two-dimensional quantum well was obtained. We found that the calculated energy loss rate due to Lo-phonon scattering (10 meV/ps) is at least four times larger than the observed one (2.7 meV/ps).