高压脉冲电场对脂肪氧化酶二级和三级构象的影响效果

应用圆二色谱和荧光光谱研究了高压脉冲电场(PEF)对脂肪氧化酶(LOX)的二级和三级构象的影响效果。研究结果表明PEF破坏了LOX二级和三级结构。PEF处理后,LOX的CD光谱中两个特征负峰值显著降低,二级结构中α-螺旋含量显著降低(p<0.05),并且LOX中α-螺旋含量和电场强度之间存在良好线性关系。PEF处理后LOX发射光谱中特征峰(337和583 nm)的荧光强度显著增大(p<0.05),特征峰相对荧光强度和电场强度之间存在良好线性关系。结果表明PEF酶活钝化跟酶二级和三级结构的破坏有关,为PEF钝酶机理研究提供理论基础。     

应用圆二色光谱研究电场对脂肪酶二级结构的影响

脂肪酶被不同强度的电场处理5 min,用圆二色光谱(circular dichroism, CD)研究电场对脂肪酶(Lipase)二级结构的影响。研究结果表明：在0.5～6.0 kV·cm-1范围内,不同强度的电场对脂肪酶的α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲相对含量的影响程度不同。随场强的增加,各二级结构单元含量呈非单调变化。电场作用可使脂肪酶二级结构中α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角及无规卷曲发生转化。总体上,电场使脂肪酶的二级结构由α-螺旋、β-折叠向转角及无规卷曲转化。α-螺旋含量和β-折叠的含量降低幅度分别为4.6%～48.0%和13.2%～35.1%,β-转角含量与无规卷曲含量增加幅度分别为2.8%～33.3%和0.9%～48.1%。文章结果对研究电场处理植物种子的宏观生物效应作用机理提供了重要理论依据。     

应用SRCD和FTIR分析超高压处理对蘑菇多酚氧化酶二级结构的影响

应用同步辐射紫外真空圆二色光谱(SRCD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和荧光光谱研究了超高压(HHP)处理对蘑菇多酚氧化酶(PPO)二级结构和三级结构的影响。HHP处理使蘑菇PPO的α-螺旋含量明显减少,二级结构发生改变。通过SRCD光谱和FTIR光谱分析得出的未处理或HHP处理蘑菇PPO的二级结构含量均存在一定的差异,这种差异可能是由于测量温度、酶液浓度和分析方法等多种因素造成的。荧光光谱表明,HHP处理后,蘑菇PPO溶液荧光光谱的强度降低,最大发射峰发生了红移,表明HHP处理改变了蘑菇PPO分子的三级结构。     

pH响应的包覆超顺磁性纳米颗粒的γ-聚谷氨酸二级结构研究

用傅里叶红外光谱法(FTIR)定量研究了pH对包覆超顺磁性纳米颗粒的γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)二级结构变化的影响。结合傅里叶去卷积技术和二阶导数法对原始谱带(酰胺Ⅰ带)进行高斯拟合,计算了二级结构的相对百分含量。红外结果显示:pH变化影响γ-PGA的二级结构。γ-聚谷氨酸磁性纳米微球中γ-PGA的β-折叠和β-转角的总含量很大,达65％以上,而α-螺旋和无规卷曲的含量则比较少。随着pH值的增大,β-折叠的含量逐渐减少相反β-转角的含量逐渐增大。γ-PGA二级结构变化与γ-聚谷氨酸磁性纳米微球在水溶液的稳定性有关。考察了γ-聚谷氨酸纳米微球的zeta电位随pH的变化。结果表明,pH为10.2时zeta电位出现极小值,其绝对值最大,颗粒稳定性最好。     

芦丁对血清白蛋白构象的影响

用同步荧光光谱法和圆二色谱法研究了芦丁对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和人血清白蛋白(HSA)构象和功能的影响,同时用电化学方法研究了芦丁与血清白蛋白之间的结合作用。在体内随着芦丁浓度的增加,其与血清白蛋白结合时对血清白蛋白的构象无影响,但对血清白蛋白的二级结构有影响,导致α-螺旋结构减少,β-折叠结构增加,蛋白质的二级结构被破坏。电化学研究发现：芦丁的氧化还原电流随着血清白蛋白浓度的增加而明显降低, 表明芦丁与血清白蛋白发生反应,生成比较稳定的复合物。芦丁的氧化还原最大峰电位也随着血清白蛋白浓度的增加发生变化,峰电位差略增加,表明芦丁的氧化还原性随着血清白蛋白浓度的增加而增强。进一步证明芦丁在体内能够被血清白蛋白存储和转运。     

岩藻多糖酶的FTIR光谱研究

通过海洋真菌LD8固态发酵获得岩藻多糖的粗蛋白,并进一步采用柠檬酸缓冲液浸提、丙酮沉淀和葡聚糖凝胶G-100层析,分离纯化至单一组分;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)及曲线拟合等技术研究了岩藻多糖酶的二级结构组成,增强因子为2.2,半峰宽为20.2 cm-1;为提高分析测定的准确性,对酰胺Ⅰ带与酰胺Ⅲ带分别进行拟合归属。结果表明：根据酰胺Ⅰ带所获得的二级结构,α-螺旋占11.5%,β-折叠为58.6%,无规卷曲14.5%,β-转角15.9%;酰胺Ⅲ带所得二级结构,α-螺旋含12%,β-折叠含57.3%,无规卷曲含14.5%,β-转角含16.3%。因此可见,酰胺Ⅰ带与酰胺Ⅲ带所对二级结构的分析是十分吻合的。在室温下,岩藻多糖酶的二级结构以β-折叠的含量占优势,约占58%,β-转角和无规卷曲次之,各占15%左右,α-螺旋含量较低,仅占12%。     

金属离子辅助高静压钝化树莓多酚氧化酶研究

 树莓多酚氧化酶具有较强的耐压性,在600 MPa压力下处理45 min,其残余酶活仍高达40%以上。为了进一步钝化树莓内源多酚氧化酶的活性,研究了金属离子辅助高静压对树莓多酚氧化酶钝化的影响。在树莓多酚氧化酶粗酶液中添加对酶活性有抑制、激活、无改变的金属离子,研究其辅助400、600 MPa压力处理钝化树莓多酚氧化酶的效果。发现添加金属离子后,多酚氧化酶的活性随压力增大、时间延长而降低;Fe²⁺、Mn²⁺以及Cu²⁺均有不同程度的协同高静压钝化作用,而Ca²⁺在钝化树莓多酚氧化酶时与高静压出现拮抗现象,对树莓多酚氧化酶活性无影响的Zn²⁺未出现协同/拮抗作用。     

光谱法研究CTAB对木瓜酶酶活和构象的影响

采用荧光光谱、圆二色谱(CD)和紫外光谱研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在NaHPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲溶液中对木瓜酶构象变化及其酶活的影响,并探讨了CTAB与木瓜酶的作用机理.荧光光谱表明,在CTAB存在下,木瓜酶的荧光强度增强,荧光峰发生红移,CTAB使木瓜酶分子链趋于伸展,酪氨酸等发色基团更多地暴露在水中.CD谱表明,当CTAB浓度(CCTAB)为0.5 mmol/L时,木瓜酶的a-螺旋构象和β-折叠构象含量比纯木瓜酶(Papain)体系分别增加了1.3％和0.1％,回转构象和无定型构象含量则分别减少了0.3％和1.2％.酶活测定结果表明,CTAB对木瓜酶的酶活有较大影响,当CCTAB由0增加到 1.5mmol/L时,木瓜酶酶活由11.2×105U/g增大到16.3×105U/g,当CCTAB由1.5mmol/L增加到3.5mmol/L时,木瓜酶的酶活又由峰值(16.3×105U/g)降到11.7×105U/g.CTAB使木瓜酶酶活增强与木瓜酶的构象有序度提高有关.     

硫酸铜诱导烟草多酚氧化酶抗变性的研究

为了进一步探讨外源铜与多酚氧化酶的相互作用 ,通过酶活性测定 ,荧光光谱和圆二色光谱 (CD)对外源Cu2 + 诱导烟草多酚氧化酶抗变性进行了研究 .荧光光谱结果表明 ,没有外源铜存在的情况下 ,盐酸胍诱导的烟草多酚氧化酶变性是一个二态过程 ,烟草多酚氧化酶在 6mol/L盐酸胍中变性 5min ,酶活性降至 18.6 % ,变性30min便彻底失活 ;10 .0mmol/L外源铜存在时 ,盐酸胍诱导的烟草多酚氧化酶变性是一个三态过程 ,上述相同盐酸胍浓度下变性相同时间 ,酶的剩余活性分别为 6 0 .6 %和 2 4 .9% .CD谱数据结果表明 ,6mol/L盐酸胍中变性 30min ,烟草PPO二级结构中α 螺旋、反平行 β 折叠、β 转角 /平行 β 折叠、芳香残基和二硫键、无规卷曲 /γ 转角的百分含量分别为 1.1、3.8、3.3、7.5和 84 .3;在 10 .0mmol/LCu2 + 存在时 ,上述相同变性条件下 ,各种二级结构百分含量分别为 34.2、13.7、2 1.0、9.5和 2 1.6 .适量外源铜可明显提高烟草多酚氧化酶结构的稳定性 .     

圆二色谱表征芥蓝抗坏血酸过氧化物酶变性过程中的结构变化

圆二色谱(CD)是一种特殊的吸收光谱,蛋白质的二级结构如α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角在远紫外区(190～250 nm)都具有特征性的CD图谱。为了了解芥蓝抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(BaAPX)在变性过程中活性变化和结构变化的关系,动态监测了不同时间、温度及浓度条件下BaAPX的比酶活及远紫外CD图谱,并利用CD分析软件Dichroweb计算了BaAPX中四种二级结构的百分含量。结果表明：BaAPX属于全α型蛋白,α-螺旋的百分含量与比酶活之间存在比较明显的正相关关系。在低浓度低温的变性过程中,BaAPX发生了初始态(N态)→α-螺旋最少态(R态)一步结构变化;在高浓度低温的变性过程中,BaAPX发生了N态→平衡态(T态)一步结构变化;在热处理后低温复性的变性过程中,BaAPX发生了N态→R态→T态两步结构变化。     

Inactivation of Escherichia coli phages by PEF treatment and analysis of inactivation mechanism

Inactivation of phage by pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment using Escherichia coli phages (M13mp18 and λ phage) as the phage particle model was studied. E. coli phages were successfully inactivated, and the absence of degradation of biological molecules was confirmed by electrophoretic analysis of these molecules from the inactivated phages. The comparison of sensitivity to PEF treatment between the E. coli phage and the E. coli cells was also carried out. The E. coli phages were more sensitive to the PEF treatment than the E. coli cells, and this difference allowed the preferential inactivation of E. coli phages.     

脉冲电场与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的同步荧光光谱和拉曼光谱比较研究

应用同步荧光光谱和拉曼光谱研究了脉冲电场与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用。同步荧光光谱研究表明,脉冲电场对牛血清白蛋白的发射荧光光谱强度产生影响,降低了处于其活性部位的色氨酸和酪氨酸残基的发射荧光强度。拉曼光谱进一步验证了这种实验结果。两种实验表明：脉冲电场改变了处于牛血清白蛋白活性中心的芳香族氨基酸所处的微环境,进而表明了蛋白质的构象发生了变化,从而影响它的生物学功能。     

FTIR分析脉冲电场和热处理后的大豆分离蛋白结构变化

采用自行研制的脉冲电场设备,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)比较研究了脉冲电场(PEF)和热处理对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)分子结构的影响.结果表明:50 kV·cn-1的脉冲场强处理引起SPI分子内和分子间氢键增强,分子中C-O-O糖苷键伸缩振动和P=O,P-O-C伸缩振动增强,且其增加值与PEF处理时间呈正相关.研究发现较短时间(1 600 μs)PEF处理导致了SPI分子结构中α-螺旋和β-折叠分别减少了5.9%和0.7%,β-转角和侧链结构分别增加了7.5%和9.6%;处理时间延长至2 400 μs,其α-螺旋和β-折叠减少量增至6.0%和5.6%.对比而言,热处理对SPI分子结构中C-O-O糖精苷键伸缩振动和P=O,P-O-C伸缩振动的影响程度较大,而对蛋白质二级结构影响程度较小:90℃热处理30 min,α-螺旋和β-折叠分别减小5.1%和6.6%,β-转角结构增加19.1%.由此可以认为PEF和热处理对SPI的影响机理是不一样的.     

胱氨酸与烟草多酚氧化酶相互作用的研究

研究了胱氨酸与烟草多酚氧化酶的相互作用。结果表明 ,胱氨酸对烟草多酚氧化酶有抑制作用 ,其机制可能是胱氨酸中的硫醚与酶活性中心铜离子配位 ,但反应物或产物均抑制这种络合 ;胱氨酸还可以与产物结合生成无色复合物 ;当胱氨酸与多酚氧化酶的分子比达到 16 0 0 0∶1时 ,就完全抑制了酶活性 ;对于荧光光谱 ,当分子比为 75∶1时 ,多酚氧化酶的荧光就不再发生变化 ;烟草多酚氧化酶中的色氨酸残基位于比较疏水的环境。     

Electrical relaxation in poly (propylene oxide) with and without alkali metal salts

Previously published audio frequency complex impedance studies of poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) containing various ions at pressures up to 0.6 GPa over the temperature range 250–350 K have been reanalyzed in terms of electric modulus. Peaks in the electric modulus plots (conductivity relaxation) are found which are characterized in terms of the stretched exponential. It is shown that those fits are not perfect, in part due to the presence of a low temperature relaxation. As a consequence, different values of the stretched exponential parameter, ß_SE, are obtained when different portions of the curve are analyzed. The effect results in an apparent increase in ß_SE with increasing temperature or decreasing pressure. However, when the same portion of the peak is fit, ß_SE is found to be approximately 0.5 and independent of temperature and pressure. Next, data for the -relaxation in pure PPO were reanalyzed. It is shown that while the value of ß_SE for the -relaxation data is similar to the values determined for the conductivity relaxation, ß_SE for the electric modulus representation of the -relaxation data is somewhat smaller. In addition, the temperature dependence of the average relaxation time for the electric modulus representation is better fit by the BENSH equation than by the Vogel equation while the opposite is true for the dielectric constant data.     

Influence of pulsed electric field on various enzyme activities

Effects of high-voltage pulsed electric field (PEF) on native or thermal denatured enzyme activities were studied. When PEF was applied to various native enzymes, 105–120% of initial enzyme activities were observed after PEF treatment. It was suggested that an activation of enzyme would be possible by PEF treatment. We attempted a refolding of thermal denatured enzyme by using PEF. When PEF was applied to denatured peroxidase, enzyme refolding was accelerated in PEF and 60% of initial activity was observed after 12 kV/cm and 30 s of PEF treatment although spontaneous refolding of this enzyme resulted in 40% of initial activity. On the other hand, when PEF was applied to thermal denatured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), further PEF-induced inactivation was observed. It was suggested that the influence of PEF is dependent on the type of enzyme.     

Study on temperature & EMF co-effects on insulin conformation and biological functions by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy

Our previous studies had suggested that the intercellular signal molecule might be an important target of electromagnetic fields. Insulin, an intercellule signal molecule, plays a critical role in transferring life information. The studies on effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on insulin molecule are meaningful for explaining the mechanism of biological effects of electromagnetic fields. The PEF, which we used, with its highest electric field (2 x 10(6) V x m(-1)) coupled into the insulin buffer, was about 1 V x cm(-1) cm, with a repeating frequency of 50 Hz. In the present study, the changes of insulin conformation induced by PEF were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Insulin solution was exposed to 50 Hz PEF with different electric field intensities for 5-35 min, which caused a time-and dose-dependent decrease in fluorescence intensities of insulin. Further, insulin solution was exposed to PEF at different temperatures to investigate the effects of PEF co-operated with temperature on insulin. The results indicated that the difference in temperature (about 5 degrees C) could induce conflict results, which is due to the effects of PEF co-operated with temperature rather than only to the effect of temperature. The authors calculated that the increase in temperature induced by PEF was 0.07 degrees C (less than 0.1 degrees C). So the effects of PEF were scarcely explained by thermal effects, it belongs to "non-thermal effects" of electric fields. So it was concluded that temperature is a considerably important factor in "non-thermal effects" of electric fields, and the ignorance of variety of temperature probably result in the contrary conclusion. Further, Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the details of structure of insulin treated by PEF co-operated with temperature. The results of Raman spectroscopy verified the effects of PEF co-operated with temperature on insulin. And the reductions of the S-S band intensity at 510 cm(-1), the skeletal C-C stretch band intensity at 934 cm(-1), and the content of the secondary structure of the alpha helix were observed. Both S--S linkages and alpha helix structure were important to the stabilization of insulin conformation. Modification of insulin may change the biological activity either by reducing the affinity of the hormone for the receptor or by decreasing the ability of the complex, when formed, to elicit a biological response.     

Sterilization of oil-field re-injection water using combination treatment of pulsed electric field and ultrasound

It was necessary to sterilize the oil-field re-injection water for biocorrosion inhibition. Saprophytic bacteria, iron bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria were the three main microorganisms resulting in the microbial contamination. To enhance the sterilization efficiency of oil-field re-injection water by pulsed electric field (PEF), the combined treatment of PEF and ultrasound was explored in the study. Meanwhile, the effects of PEF, ultrasound and the combination treatment on the three bacteria inactivation were investigated. The combination treatment had higher inactivation efficiency than independent PEF as well as ultrasound. Obvious synergistic effects were also observed on the inactivation of saprophytic bacteria and iron bacteria by the combined treatment.     

超高压处理对多酚氧化酶活性的影响

 研究了超高压中温协同处理对砀山梨汁中多酚氧化酶活性的影响,实验压力为0.1~500 MPa,温度为20~60 ℃。此外,考察了不同pH值（3~7）和保压时间（2~34 min）超高压处理对酶活性的影响。实验结果分析表明：在处理温度为50 ℃、保压时间为10 min和梨汁pH值为5的条件下,200~300 MPa处理梨汁时多酚氧化酶被激活,活性表现最高;500 MPa时酶的活性下降到75.3%。协同温度为30 ℃处理梨汁时,酶的活性反而增大;30 ℃以后,酶活性随温度升高而迅速降低;有效协同高压处理的温度为40 ℃。随着保压时间的延长,梨汁中过氧化物酶的活性减小;18 min以前下降速度较快些,之后下降速度变缓。pH在5~6之间,酶的残留活性最大;pH值为6时,梨汁中多酚氧化酶最为耐压。