高温超导带材失超传播特性实验研究

采用测量多个电压节点顺序失超的方式,测量了在液氮浸泡和有包裹材料情况下不锈钢加强Bi-2223/Ag和YBCO涂层导体高温超导带材样品的失超传播速率。根据实验结果,Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带的失超传播速率约为2 cm/s,YBCO带材的失超传播速率约为0.4 cm/s,均远远低于低温超导材料的相应数值。对这一现象的原因进行了简要分析,并根据高温超导带材的这一特点,提出了在高温超导电力应用中需特别注意的问题。     

一维热传播模型下高温超导带的失超特性研究

对Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材的失超传播特性进行了研究。测量了Bi-2223/Ag带材在有绝缘材料包裹和液氮浸泡环境下的电压变化曲线,同时利用一维热流方程模型,模拟出超导体失超传播过程中由超导态过渡到正常态的温度变化行为,同时还对传输电流和触发能量对失超传播速度的影响进行了实验研究。这些工作对高温超导磁体及电力系统的应用有着重要的参考价值。     

准绝热环境下Bi-2223/Ag带材在工频过电流冲击下的失超及恢复特性实验研究

本文对工频过电流冲击下准绝热环境中的Bi-2223/Ag不锈钢加强多芯带的失超及恢复特性进行了实验研究.通过实验测量了在液氮温度(77K)、自场下Bi-2223/Ag超导带在幅值为100 A至1 015 A,时间为300 ms的工频电流冲击下,超导带材两端的电压,电流及带材表面温度的变化,得到冲击期间各参量的变化规律.另外,还比较了冲击电流相同、正常载流不同时,带材的温升及失超恢复时间,结果表明正常载流大时,则带材温升较高,失超恢复时间长.正常载流为60A＜0.5Ic时,带材失超恢复时间为冲击时间的21倍.     

控轧控冷技术应用在Bi-2223/Ag超导带材制备过程中的研究

控轧控冷技术在钢铁中厚板材的应用已趋成熟,采用控轧控冷技术制备的中厚板材具有组织均匀、晶粒细小、机械性能高等优点.Bi-2223/Ag超导带材制备过程需经过多次反复的热处理和中间轧制过程,本文结合控轧控冷工艺特点,通过控制带材中间轧制制度和控制热处理冷却速度,研究了压下量和冷却条件对Bi-2223相变和其微观结构的影响,并借助SEM、XRD等方法对带材样品进行了观察,实验结果表明:合理的控轧控冷条件能够改善Bi-2223/Ag的微观结构并能够有效提高其电性能.这为控轧控冷技术在Bi-2223/Ag超导带材制备中的应用提供了初步理论依据,同时为形变热处理工艺提供了新的优化方向.     

恒压下Bi2223/Ag带材失超规律研究

高温超导材料的实际应用中其装置两端的电压保持恒定,而现有的研究都是建立在恒流的基础上。基于此,通过建立恒压下Bi2223/Ag高温超导带材的一维失超传播模型,用数值模拟方法研究了Bi2223/Ag高温超导带在恒压作用下的失超传播行为。通过计算给出了Bi2223/Ag带材在恒压下的最小失超能(MQE)、失超传播速度(NZPV)及其变化规律,同时对恒流和恒压两种条件下的失超行为进行了对比,发现恒压下的最小失超能明显小于恒流下的最小失超能,同时恒压下的失超传播比恒流更慢。     

控轧控冷技术应用在Bi-2223／Ag超导带材制备过程中的研究

控轧控冷技术在钢铁中厚板材的应用已趋成熟，采用控轧控冷技术制备的中厚板材具有组织均匀、晶粒细小、机械性能高等优点．Bi-2223／Ag超导带材制备过程需经过多次反复的热处理和中间轧制过程，本文结合控轧控冷工艺特点，通过控制带材中间轧制制度和控制热处理冷却速度，研究了压下量和冷却条件对Bi-2223相变和其微观结构的影响，并借助SEM、XRD等方法对带材样品进行了观察，实验结果表明：合理的控轧控冷条件能够改善Bi-2223／Ag的微观结构并能够有效提高其电性能．这为控轧控冷技术在Bi-2223／Ag超导带材制备中的应用提供了初步理论依据，同时为形变热处理工艺提供了新的优化方向．     

Bi—2223带材在拉伸应力下的临界电流

研究了不锈钢加强的Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材在不同的拉伸应力下临界电流的变化情况。采用改造后的拉伸设备,在温度77K下对超导带材施加拉伸应力的同时,利用四引线法测量带材的临界电流,得到了超导带材的应力—应变曲线以及临界电流—应变曲线。利用理论公式计算了应力对超导带材临界电流的影响,与实验结果进行对比,并对两者的差别进行了分析。     

Bi2223/Ag超导带的电阻率ρ-T曲线研究

电阻率ρ(T)是影响超导材料失超传播性能的一个很重要的材料参数.本文主要对Bi2223/Ag高温超导多芯带材的电阻率ρ随温度T的变化关系曲线进行测量并得到了有意义的实验结果.同时也得到了超导带材的临界温度.通过测量的ρ-T曲线,我们分析了Bi2223/Ag超导多芯带从超导态向完全正常态的转变过程中,传输电流在带材内部超导芯与基体银之间的分配情况以及ρ-T曲线的形状.这对研究高温超导带材失超传播特性以及失超传播过程的有限元分析都有着重要的实际意义.     

一种YBCO带材及其单饼线圈的失超传播特性分析

对一种YBCO涂层的高温超导带材及其单饼线圈进行了失超传播特性的实验测试与分析。实验测试在77K温度的液氮环境下进行,给带材通入恒定直流电流,使用加热丝给带材上一点提供脉冲热扰动,主要测量了超导带材及单饼线圈失超传播过程中的最小失超能和失超传播速度。实验结果表明YBCO超导带材及其线圈的失超传播速度随电流升高而增大,最小失超能随电流升高而减小,线圈中径向传播速度要远小于纵向传播速度。     

力学性能对Bi-2223/Ag超导带材临界电流影响实验研究

本文主要研究了在77K温度下,拉伸应变和弯曲应变对Bi-2223/Ag超导带材临界电流的影响,得到了超导带材的临界电流随拉伸强度、曲率半径变化规律.实验结果显明,拉伸作用在超导带材上产生的形变对其临界电流(Ic)的影响存在一个临界值εirr=0.3%.形变小于此临界值,Ic变化较小,超过此临界值,临界电流急剧下降.弯曲实验同样存在类似关系.同步辐射光源对超导带材检测表明,在形变情况下,超导氧化物陶瓷芯的微裂纹迅速增加和交织是Ic降低的主要原因.     

Reactivity and oxygen diffusion property of resistive barriers for Bi-2223/Ag tapes

Reactivity of several oxide materials (OM) with BSCCO powder and oxygen diffusion through OM layer has been tested at temperature ≈840 °C in air. The OM (e.g.: BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, MgO and ZrO₂) showing the low or no reactivity with BSCCO have been mixed (10 wt.%) with precursor powder and used for single-core tapes. Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag single-core tapes with oxide barriers made of BaZrO₃, SrCO₃, ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ have been also prepared by a standard powder-in-tube technique. The used OM in the direct contact with BSCCO influences the electrical properties of Bi-2223 phase differently. These is because the oxides react with BSCCO during the heat treatment and simultaneously affect the 2212→2223 phase transformation, the Bi-2223 grain growth and so also grain connectivity. SrCO₃ powder has been evaluated as the best material from the point of no destructive effect on 2223 phase transport current property. The oxide barrier controls the oxygen diffusion during the tape heat treatment and simultaneously the HTS phase formation kinetics, its purity and content within the superconducting core. For single-core Bi-2223/Ag/OM/Ag tapes, the highest current density was measured for Al₂O₃ due to only slightly reduced oxygen diffusion through the barrier.     

熔融织构YBCO块材和Bi-2223/Ag带材磁光图像研究的评述

熔融织构YBCO块材表面的磁感应强度在空间的分布和随时间的变化可以用磁光图像观测.熔融织构YBCO块材的l临界电流密度成功地由饱和抗磁场确定.局域电流密度随时间变化的反常行为从不同磁通动力学模型随空间的时间的转换理解.Bi-2223/Ag带材超导芯中的片晶中的电流密度在67K可达1.5×105A/cm2.由剩余磁感应强度的分布和超声振荡后的碎片证实的超导芯中的网状弱超导区是限制Bi-2223/Ag带材临界电流密度的主要原因.     

Bi-2223/AgAu 带材及应用进展

Bi-2223/AgAu 高温超导带材因为较低的热导率和较高的载流性能, 被认为是制备高温超导电流引线的最佳材料之一. 这篇文章简单介绍了高温超导电流引线的工作特点和不同包套 Bi-2223 带材的热导率, 在此基础上详细介绍了目前 Bi-2223/AgAu 带材和高温超导电流引线国内外研究进展, 最后展望了 Bi-2223 带材的发展趋势.     

外场下机械振动对高温超导带材交流损耗的影响

高温超导带材在磁场中传输交变电流时,将受到电磁力的作用而产生机械振动,振动对带材的交流损耗将产生影响.本文讨论了振动情况下交流损耗的测量方法,在平行于带面的直流磁场下,测量了Bi-2223/Ag高温超导带材在不同振动情况下的交流损耗.结果显示:当传输电流频率偏离样品的共振频率时,振动对带材的交流损耗影响不大;只有当电流频率在共振频率附近时,样品产生剧烈振动,交流损耗才有明显的增加;另外,带材振动时的交流损耗随频率变化曲线的斜率比不振动时略有增加.     

Influence of tape-specific properties on local stress and strain in Bi-2223/Ag tapes

Superconductors are typically fragile, and their superconducting properties are reduced under strain. Moreover, superconductor wires operate under large mechanical loads in most applications. Thus, a careful mechanical analysis is essential when designing superconducting applications. So far, plenty of experimental and computational studies concerning stress and strain in, e.g. Bi-2223/Ag tapes have been carried out. However, Bi-2223 tapes contain several properties that vary between different tapes and are often unknown when designing a specific application. The largest uncertainties are related to the creep at high temperatures, stiffness and anisotropy of filaments and the yield strength of silver. In this paper, the influence of uncertainties on the local stress and strain in Bi-2223/Ag tapes is studied computationally to determine efficient strategies to reduce inaccuracy of the results. The results suggest that the filaments can be described as an isotropic material and the filament stiffness is the most important input parameter to estimate the total stiffness of the tape.     

Fabrication of joint Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tapes with BSCCO superconducting powders by diffusion bonding

61-Filaments Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tapes have been successfully joined with BSCCO superconducting powder interlayer by diffusion bonding. The electrical properties of the diffusion bonding joints were tested by standard four probe method and the microstructures of the joints were also examined by SEM. Additionally, the phase constituents of the superconducting powders between the tapes before and after bonding process were evaluated by XRD analysis. The result shows that the diffusion bonding joints are superconductive. The microstructures of the joint display a good bonding with no cracks and discontinuities. The joining zones are mainly composed of Bi-2223 phase, Bi-2212 phase and a small amount of CuO, Ca₂PbO₄. At last, the phase transformations of the superconducting powders in the bonding process are discussed.     

Study of air heat treatment on Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tapes

Heat treatment has been carried out on commercially available Bi-2223/Ag superconducting tape under various temperature conditions in air. The critical currents (I_C) of tape after heat treatment at different annealing temperatures were tested at the liquid-nitrogen temperature. The microstructures and phase constituents of the tapes were investigated by SEM and XRD, respectively. The results indicate that annealing temperature has a very important influence on the superconducting properties of the tapes. When the temperature is above 840 °C, I_C value drops dramatically. Furthermore, when the temperature reaches up to 860 °C, the tape loses most of its superconducting property because of the decomposition of the superconducting phase Bi-2223.     

ITER电流引线高温超导叠制作工艺及性能测试

ITER高温超导电流引线载流能力最大要达到68 kA,一根电流引线共需要1000多根银金基Bi-2223高温超导带并联.这些高温超导带分成90叠,每叠由12层带组成.银金基Bi-2223带价格是普通银基Bi系带的4～5倍,而目前欧洲超导公司提供的超导叠的报价几乎是其带价格加倍,所以开发超导叠的制作工艺是非常有价值的.本文详细的介绍了超导叠的真空钎焊制作工艺,并进行了77 K下超导带的接头电阻测试和77 K自场下的临界电流测试,以及模拟在实际运行温度65～5 K条件下高温超导叠的载流能力测试和接头电阻的测试.测试结果证明了此工艺的可行性.