钴铝共掺3C-SiC电子结构和磁性的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,分别计算了不同Co原子比例单掺杂、Al原子单掺杂和Co-Al共掺杂3C-SiC的电子结构和磁性参数.结果表明:随着掺杂Co原子比例的增大,单个Co原子对体系总磁矩贡献的平均值反而减小.由电子态密度分析掺杂3C-SiC体系中的磁性来源,主要是由Co-3d以及Co原子附近的C-2p电子轨道的自旋极化产生的. Al单掺3C-SiC时体系中每个原子的平均磁矩和体系总磁矩均为0,即Al单掺杂体系不具有磁性.而Co-Al共掺杂得到的体系总磁矩比单掺等量Co时要大约0. 09μB,即Co-3d与Al-3p电子轨道发生轨道杂化,使得Co-Al共掺杂可以增大Co原子对体系总磁矩的贡献.     

过渡金属元素X（X=Mo，Tc，Ru）掺杂单层GaS的第一性原理研究

近年来，二维GaS由于其优异的性质引起了科研人员的关注.基于密度泛函理论计算了过渡金属元素X(X=Mo, Tc, Ru)掺杂单层二维GaS的电子结构、磁性性质及光学性质.计算结果表明：单层GaS材料为间接带隙的非磁性半导体，在对S位点进行替位式掺杂后，Ga-rich和S-rich条件的形成能均为正数，导致过渡金属元素Mo、Tc和Ru不能自发地进入进入单层GaS材料中.所有掺杂体系都引入了杂质能级，杂质能级主要由掺杂原子的4d轨道贡献.掺杂后所有体系的带隙都有所减小，上自旋和下自旋的能带结构不再对称，使得Mo掺杂体系呈现半金属铁磁性，Tc和Ru掺杂体系呈磁性半导体特性，Mo、Tc和Ru掺杂后的总磁矩分别为4μ_B, 3μ_B和2μ_B,磁矩主要由掺杂原子的局域磁矩产生.掺杂后单层GaS的静介电常数得到提高，吸收谱出现红移，在可见光区和近红外区的吸收系数变大，对可见光的利用率增强.     

第一主族元素(Li,Na,K)和第二主族元素(Be,Mg,Ca)掺杂二维六方氮化硼单层的第一性原理计算研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究了第一、第二主族元素取代六方BN单层中的B的几何结构、磁性性质和电子结构.研究发现,掺杂的BN单层出现明显的自旋极化特性.对Li,Na,K而言,掺杂后超胞的总磁矩为2μB,对Mg,Ca而言,超胞的总磁矩为1μB,磁矩主要局域在与杂质原子最近邻的N原子上.而对于Be,超胞的总磁矩为0.705μB,磁矩分散在所有的N原子上.对于6种掺杂情况,给出了相应的自旋密度图.掺杂体系产生明显的杂质能级,给出了总态密度和局域投影态密度等结果,分析了杂质能级的产生.发现Mg和Ca掺杂体系的态密度具有明显的半金属特性.     

C-Nb共掺杂SnO_2电子结构的第一性原理研究

本文利用第一性原理研究了C-Nb共掺杂的SnO_2稳定性、能带结构与态密度,从自旋向上和自旋向下的能带结构以及态密度分析了掺杂体系磁性产生的机理.研究结果表明,C-Nb共掺杂SnO_2体系的稳定性强于C,Nb单掺杂SnO_2体系;C,Nb单掺杂、C-Nb共掺杂的SnO_2体系的总磁矩分别为0μB、0.922μB、1.0μB;Nb掺杂SnO_2体系产生磁性在于Nb的d轨道引入,C-Nb共掺杂SnO_2体系产生磁性在于Nb的s轨道和C的p轨道相互作用.     

Fe掺杂单壁ZnS纳米管磁性质

采用第一性原理密度泛函理论系统研究Fe原子掺杂单壁ZnS纳米管的结构和磁性质.首先比较掺杂纳米管的稳定性.结果表明,掺杂纳米管的形成能比纯纳米管的形成能低,说明掺杂过程是一个放热反应.单掺杂纳米管的总磁矩等于掺杂的磁性原子的磁矩,主要来自Fe原子3d态的贡献.Fe原子掺杂单壁ZnS纳米管趋向于反铁磁态.为了得到稳定的铁磁态,用一个C原子替代掺杂体系中的一个S原子.计算发现铁磁态的能量比亚铁磁态低0.164 eV的.在铁磁态和反铁磁态之间存在的巨大的能量差,表明此掺杂体系可能获得室温铁磁性.     

3d过渡金属Co掺杂核壳结构硅纳米线的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了横截面为五边形和六边形的核壳结构硅纳米线的过渡金属Co原子替代掺杂.通过比较形成能发现,核心位置掺杂、壳层单链掺杂以及外壳层全替代掺杂的硅纳米线都具有稳定性,其中核心位置掺杂结构的稳定性最高.掺杂体系均呈现金属性,随着掺杂浓度的增加,电导通道数增加.Co原子掺杂的硅纳米线呈现铁磁性,具有磁矩.Bader电荷分析表明,电荷从Si原子转移至过渡金属Co原子.与自由态时过渡金属Co原子的磁矩相比,体系中Co原子的磁矩有所降低,这主要是由Co原子4s轨道向3d/4p轨道的电荷转移以及4s,3d,4p的上自旋电子转移至下自旋导致的.     

空位及氮掺杂二维ZnO单层材料性质:第一性原理计算与分子轨道分析

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,系统地研究了带缺陷的二维类石墨烯结构的ZnO(graphenelike-ZnO,g-ZnO)的几何结构、电子结构、磁性性质和吸收光谱性质.研究的缺陷类型包括锌原子空位(VZn_g-ZnO)、氧原子空位(VO_g-ZnO)、氮原子取代氧原子(NO_g-ZnO)和表面吸附氮原子(N@g-ZnO).研究发现:NO_g-ZnO体系和N@g-ZnO体系形变较小,而空位体系会引入较大的形变;g-ZnO本身无磁矩,引入Zn空位后,VZn_g-ZnO体系总磁矩为2.00μB;VO_g-ZnO体系无磁矩,但N掺杂后的NO_g-ZnO体系和氮吸附的N@g-ZnO体系的总磁矩分别为1.00μB和3.00μB.利用掺杂体系的局域对称性和分子轨道理论分析了杂质能级和磁矩的产生原因,并且通过分析光吸收曲线得知,引入空位缺陷或者N原子掺杂,可以有效增强g-ZnO单层材料的光吸收性能.研究结果对系统地理解g-ZnO及其缺陷模型的性质有重要意义,可以为发展基于g-ZnO的纳米电子器件和光催化应用提供理论参考.     

掺杂ZnTe对电子结构与磁性质的影响

为了研究Mn、Fe、Co、Ni掺杂ZnTe的电子结构和磁性的相关性质.本文基于第一性原理的数值基组的方法计算了Mn、Fe、Co、Ni掺杂ZnTe的能带结构、态密度,分析了掺杂结构的稳定性和磁性性质.结果发现Mn、Fe、Co、Ni掺杂ZnTe的杂质替换能分别为-1.14 e V,-1.23 e V,39.95 e V,-4.32 eV,表明Mn、Fe、Ni掺杂的ZnTe在实验上较容易实现.Mn、Co掺杂ZnTe导致体系产生的总磁矩分别为0.997μB,1.103μB,其中磁性的主要来源于Mn、Co原子在Zn位的取代而引起,产生局域磁性主要取决于Mn、Co的d轨道与Te的p轨道耦合作用.     

过渡金属原子掺杂对单层MoS_2磁性的影响

本文利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法分别计算了本征及过渡金属掺杂单层MoS_2的晶格参数、电子结构和磁性性质.计算结果显示,过渡金属掺杂所引起的晶格畸变与杂质原子的共价半径有联系,但并不完全取决于共价半径的大小.分析电子结构可以看到,VIIB、VIII和IB族杂质中除Ag和Re外的掺杂体系都对外显示磁性,磁矩主要集中在掺杂的过渡金属原子上.掺杂体系的禁带区域都出现了数目不等的杂质能级,这些杂质能级主要由杂质的d、S的3p和Mo的4d轨道组成.     

过渡金属原子掺杂对单层MoS_2磁性的影响

本文利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法分别计算了本征及过渡金属掺杂单层MoS_2的晶格参数、电子结构和磁性性质.计算结果显示,过渡金属掺杂所引起的晶格畸变与杂质原子的共价半径有联系,但并不完全取决于共价半径的大小.分析电子结构可以看到,VIIB、VIII和IB族杂质中除Ag和Re外的掺杂体系都对外显示磁性,磁矩主要集中在掺杂的过渡金属原子上.掺杂体系的禁带区域都出现了数目不等的杂质能级,这些杂质能级主要由杂质的d、S的3p和Mo的4d轨道组成.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.