中草药透骨草中4种微量元素的形态分析

按照传统煎煮法对中草药透骨草中铜、锌、铁、镁4种元素进行提取;用微孔滤膜分离提取液中的可溶态与悬浮态;利用大孔吸附树脂柱对可溶态中的有机态与无机态进行分离;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对各种形态中的4种元素进行测定。结果显示,透骨草中4种元素的总提取率在44.03%—63.15%之间,浸留比在79.46%—188.80%之间,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在10%左右。     

中药土鳖虫中4种微量元素的形态分析研究

按照传统煎煮法对中药土鳖虫中铜、锌、铁、镁4种元素进行提取;用微孔滤膜分离提取液中的可溶态与悬浮态;利用大孔吸附树脂柱对可溶态中的有机态与无机态进行分离;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对各种形态中的4种元素进行测定。结果显示,土鳖虫中4种元素的总提取率在45.04%—63.20%之间,浸留比在98.56%—245.1%之间,悬浮态颗粒吸附率在10%左右,铜、锌、铁、镁的有机态与无机态的比例在171.8%—487.1%之间。     

ICP-AES用于金莲花的无机元素初级形态分析及其溶出特征性研究

采用传统花茶饮用方法对金莲花茶中的Fe、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Pb、As 8种元素进行浸取;按照初级形态分析流程制备样品溶液,用0.45μm微孔滤膜分离浸取液中的可溶态和悬浮态。应用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）对此花茶中8种无机元素的初级形态进行测定。结果显示：金莲花茶中8种元素的浸出率在17.2%—72.3%之间,可溶态在水浸液中的比率在67.4%—98.6%之间。     

3种菊花茶中6种微量元素的初级形态及溶出特性研究

按照传统的花茶饮用方法对杭白菊茶、野菊花茶、贡菊茶3种菊花茶中钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌6种元素进行浸取;用0.45μm微孔滤膜分离浸取液中的可溶态和悬浮态;采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法对此3种菊花茶中微量元素的初级形态进行了测定。结果显示：菊花茶中6种元素的提取率在12.4%—80.4%之间,可溶态在水浸液中的比率在74.3%—96.5%之间。     

鸡血藤中7种金属元素的形态分析

对鸡血藤中铁、锰、铜、锌、钙、镁和锶7种金属元素的化学形态进行分析;分别用0.45μm微孔滤膜、LSA-10大孔吸附树脂、正辛醇-水萃取体系,将鸡血藤中各元素分离为可溶态与悬浮态、有机态与无机态、醇溶态与水溶态,用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定7种元素的各形态含量。结果表明:鸡血藤中7种元素在原药中的含量高低依次为:钙、镁、铁、锰、锶、铜和锌,水煎液中锌和镁的提取率大于50%,其次是铜为45.2%;铜的颗粒吸附率最高为26.3%;镁的KOW参数在肠、胃液酸度下均大于1,铁和锰的KOW参数均小于1,元素的KOW值受pH影响。     

柴胡中微量元素的初级形态及溶出特性研究

按照传统的中药煎煮方法对柴胡中铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、镁6种元素进行提取;用0.45μm微孔滤膜分离提取液中的可溶态和悬浮态;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对柴胡中微量元素的初级形态进行了测定.结果显示:柴胡中6种元素的提取率在21.1%-45.8%之间,悬浮态在水煎液中的比率在4.3%-12.0%之间.方法的加标回收率在96.7%-104.0%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.8%.     

原子吸收法测定中药黄芩中不同化学形态的Cu、Zn、Fe和Mn

研究用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)测定中药黄芩水煎液中Cu,Zn,Fe和Mn化学形态的分析方法.水煎液经0.45 μm滤膜过滤后分为悬浮态和可溶态组分试样;对于可溶态组分试样,采用LSA-10大孔树脂将其分为有机态和无机态组分试样,并采用正辛醇-水分配体系,在模拟人体胃肠环境条件下,将水可溶态中4待测元索分离为醇溶态和水溶态,然后用AAS测定上述各组分试样中待测元素的含量,即可给出比现有的仅测量中药黄芩中上述各待测元素总量为多的信息.该法待测元素Cu,Zn,Mn的检出限(3倍空白标准差)为0.01μg·mL-1,Fe为0.02μg·mL-1,精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.5%～3.6%,对可溶态和无机态组分试样进行加标测定的回收率为96.7%～105.0%.所得结果对黄芩的综合研究有重要的实际意义.     

超声波提取电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱分析黄芪中7种元素的形态

样品经微波消解仪消化,超声波提取,微孔滤膜过滤,D101大孔树脂分离,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定,对黄芪中的Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ni7种元素进行形态分析;结果表明Ca元素在黄芪中含量及提取率最高,Cu元素的含量最低;Mn的提取率最低;7种元素的可溶态均大于悬浮态;且采用超声波提取比常规水浴提取效果好。该方法检出限在2.1—38ng·mL-1之间,相对标准偏差小于2.8%,用于标准样品分析,结果与参考值吻合。     

树脂分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中草药中不同形态的砷

本文建立了应用离子交换树脂分离技术结合氢化物发生 原子荧光光谱法测定中草药方剂原生药、残渣、悬浮态及可溶态中的三价及五价砷的方法。研究了树脂静态分离和动态分离的最佳条件 ,利用两种方法成功地对黄连解毒汤中的三价及五价砷进行了分离。考察了仪器的工作条件、试剂浓度、增感剂的选择及共存离子的干扰及消除方法。方法检出限为 89 1ng·L- 1 ,RSD为 1 4 % ,样品加标回收率为 91 1%～10 9 3%。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定椒目中不同化学形态的砷

结合椒目化学成分的分离提取方法,采用AFS-3100原子荧光光谱法,分析了不同产地椒目中的砷含量及其形态。使用0.45 μm滤膜和混合溶剂提取的方法将椒目中的砷分为悬浮态和可溶态,并使用离子交换树脂将可溶态中的砷分为As(Ⅲ),As(Ⅴ),MMA,DMA,建立了砷的四种形态分离分析方法。结果显示,各产地椒目中均以无机砷为主且As(Ⅴ), 含量较As(Ⅲ)高,甲醇-水(4∶1)对椒目中砷的浸提率高,椒目水可煎出态总砷百分率为53.7%～62.3%。应用本方法对椒目中的砷进行形态分析,回收率在96.0%～101.3%范围内,RSD小于2.66%。表明其灵敏度高,重现性好。     

Physical description of the impregnation mechanism of dye molecules in contact with porous electrodes

We propose and discuss two models that take into account the decreasing of the bulk density of dyes molecules in contact with a porous electrode. We show that the models based on the standard adsorption phenomenon have to be considered just as fitting models, of limited physical significance. A more physical model has to take into account the diffusion of dye molecules into the channels present in the porous electrode and also the adsorption of dye molecules on the lateral surfaces of these channels. The agreement between the theoretical prediction of such a model and the experimental data is reasonably good.     

季铵型纤维素的红外光谱及对持久性有机污染物的吸附特征

文章研究了季铵型阳离子纤维素(QACC)的红外光谱和对持久性有机污染物的吸附及循环利用问题。研究了吸附工艺参数对QACC吸附容量的影响。研究了QACC对染料的吸附等温式,测定了QACC吸附染料过程的热力学参数(ΔH, ΔS, ΔG)、吸附速率常数和吸附活化能,探讨了QACC吸附机理。在近中性水溶液中,QACC对含磺酸基、羧基、羟基的水溶性芳香族有机污染物具有较大的饱和吸附容量,常见共存离子对吸附不产生影响。QACC对上述污染物的吸附既有化学吸附,也有物理吸附,而以化学吸附为主。吸附符合Langmuir等温式和一级动力学方程,吸附速率随温度升高而增大。水溶性有机污染物用0.5 mol·L-1氢氧化钠水溶液洗脱,再生后QACC可以循环利用。QACC是一种性能优良的新型功能材料,可应用于环境中持久性有机污染物的治理。     

Kinetics of water molecule adsorption on the porous silicon surface

The kinetics of water vapor adsorption on the porous silicon surface is studied by the gas relaxometry method. The process multistepping which is reflected in sequential changes in H₂O molecule diffusivities into the porous matrix, is found. Phenomenological models describing the experiment are considered.     

p-Chlorophenol adsorption on activated carbons with basic surface properties

The adsorption of p-chlorophenol (PCP) from aqueous solution on activated carbons (ACs) with basic surface properties has been studied. The ACs were prepared by two methods. The first method was based on the modification of a commercial CWZ AC by high temperature treatment in an atmosphere of ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen. The second approach comprised the carbonization followed by activation of N-enriched polymers and coal tar pitch using CO₂ and steam as activation agent. The resultant ACs were characterized in terms of porous structure, elemental composition and surface chemistry (pH_PZC, acid/base titration, XPS). The adsorption of PCP was carried out from an aqueous solution in static conditions. Equilibrium adsorption isotherm was of L2 type for polymer-based ACs, whereas L3-type isotherm was observed for CWZ ACs series. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity was related to the porous structure and the amount of basic sites. A good correlation was found between the adsorption capacity and the volume of micropores with a width < 1.4 nm for polymer-based ACs. Higher nitrogen content, including that in basic form, did not correspond to the enhanced adsorption of PCP from aqueous solution. The competitive effect of water molecule adsorption on the PCP uptake is discussed.     

Asphaltene multilayer growth in porous medium probed by SANS

Presence of suspended particles such as asphaltene in crude oils could significantly affect the production by means of deposition in porous media especially near the well bore. We investigate this phenomenon using the ability of Small Angle Neutron Scattering technique to probe directly the asphaltene adsorption process in a porous medium at the nanometer length scale under flow conditions. A device based on a quartz tube filled with SiC particles constitute the porous medium in which an asphaltene solution in a mixture of good (toluene)/bad (heptane) solvent is injected under controlled flow. The contrast matching technique enables to match the porous medium scattering contributions and to measure the signal of the deposit. Such a device can be used for curves surface measurements on a setup originally designed for bulk studies and permit thus the direct comparison with measurements on flat surfaces (neutron reflectivity) and indirect adsorption measurements (adsorption isotherm). We show here that asphaltene in good solvent leads to a monolayer whereas addition of bad solvent results in a multilayer growth which is consistent with the deposition behaviour described in the literature.     

Si(001)-(2*2*1):H表面O2吸附的密度泛函理论研究

建立了一种计算Si(001)-(2×2×1):H表面O2吸附的理论模型．在周期性边界条件下,采用基于密度泛函理论广义梯度近似的超软赝势法对Si(001)-(2×2×1):H表面O2吸附进行了第一性研究．通过占位能的计算,得到了Si(001)-(2×2×1):H表面O2的最佳吸附位置．计算结果表明吸附后的反应产物应为Si=O和H2O,从理论上支持了D．Kovalev等人提出反应机制．