Energy-pooling collisions in Rb-Cs vapor mixture Rb(5P_J)+Cs(6P_(3/2))→Rb(5S_(1/2))+Cs(nl_(J''''))

Rate coefficients for energy-pooling (EP) collisions Rb(5PJ) Cs(6P3/2)→Rb(5S1/2) Cs(nlJ') have been measured. Atoms were excited to Rb(5PJ) and Cs(6P3/2) states using two single-mode diode lasers. To isolate the heteronuclear contribution in the fluorescence spectrum, a double-modulation technique has been adopted. The excited-atom density and spatial distribution are mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to Rb(5PJ→7S1/2) and Cs(6P3/2→8S1/2) transitions respectively, which could be translated parallelly to the pump beams. The excited atom densities are combined with the measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the EP processes. It was found that Rb(5P1/2) Cs(6P3/2) collisions are more efficient than Rb(5P3/2) Cs(6P3/2) collisions for populating Cs(4F5/2), while the opposite is true for populating Cs(4F7/2).     

Energy-Pooling Collisions in Rubidium： 5P3/2 ＋ 5P3/2 → 5S ＋ （nl = 5D, 7S）

We experimentally study rubidium energy pooling collisions of Rb（SP3/2） ＋ Rb（5P3/2） → Rb（5S1/2） ＋ Rb （nlJ = 5DJ, 7S1/2） at low densities in a cell using diode laser excitation. The excited-atom density and spatial distribution are mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam, tuned to the 5P3/2 → 7S1/2 transition, which could be translated parallel to the pump beam. The excited atom densities are combined with measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the rubidium energy pooling process. The cross sections for nlJ being 5D5/2, 5D3/2, and 7S1/2 are （1.32±0.59）×10^-14, （1.18±0.53）×10^-14 and （3.21±1.44）×10^-15cm^2, respectively.     

Energy-pooling collisions in Rb-Cs vapor mixture Rb(5PJ)+Cs(6P3/2) → Rb(5S1/2)+Cs(nlJ'')

Rate coefficients for energy-pooling (EP) collisions Rb(5PJ) + Cs(6P3/2) → Rb(5S1/2) + Cs(nlJ') have been measured.Atoms were excited to Rb(5PJ) and Cs(6P3/2) states using two single-mode diode lasers.To isolate the heteronuclear contribution in the fluorescence spectrum,a double-modulation technique has been adopted.The excited-atom density and spatial distribution are mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode diode laser beam,tuned to Rb(5PJ → 7S1/2) and Cs(6P3/2 →8S1/2) transitions respectively,which could be translated parallelly to the pump beams.The excited atom densities are combined with the measured fluorescence ratios to determine cross sections for the EP processes.It was found that Rb(5P1/2)+Cs(6P3/2) collisions are more efficient than Rb(5P3/2)+Cs(6P3/2)collisions for populating Cs(4F5/2),while the opposite is true for populating Cs(4F7/2).     

Experimental study of cesium 5D 5D→6S (nL=9D,11S,7F)energy pooling collisions

We report experimentally the measured rate coefficients for the energy pooling(EP)collisions process Cs(5D) Cs(5D)→Cs(6S) Cs(nL=9D,11S,7F)in cesium densities of 10~(16)-10~(17)cm~(-3).The 5D state was populated via 8S→7P→5D spontaneous emission following two-step pumping 6S→6P_(3/2)→8S. Since the 5D→6P(3.0—3.6μm)fluorescence could not be detected in this experiment,we carried out a relative measurement for the process 6P 5D→6S 7D.The excited-atom density and spatial distribution were mapped by monitoring the absorption of a counterpropagating single-mode laser beam, tuned to 6P_(3/2)→9S_(1/2)transition,which could be translated parallelly to the pump beam.The excited atom densities have been combined with the measured fluorescence ratios to yield EP rate coefficients. The average values for nL=9D,11S and 7F are 8.0±4.0,7.0±3.5,and 9.3±4.6(in units of 10~(-10) cm~3/s),respectively.Influence of the energy transfer process 11S 6S(?)7F 6S on the rate coefficients k_(11S)and k_(7F)is also discussed.     

A typical slow reaction H（2S） ＋ S2（X3∑g） → SH（X2П） ＋S（3P） ona new surface： Quantum dynamics calculations

Quantum dynamics calculations for the title reaction H(2S) + S2(X3-Σg) → SH(X2Π) + S(3P) are performed by using a globally accurate double many-body expansion potential energy surface [J. Phys. Chem. A 115 5274(2011)].The Chebyshev real wave packet propagation method is employed to obtain the dynamical information, such as reaction probability, initial state-specified integral cross section, and thermal rate constant. It is found not only that there is a reaction threshold near 0.7 eV in both reaction probabilities and integral cross section curves, but also that both the probability and cross section increase firstly and then decrease as the collision energy increases. The existence of the resonance structure in both the probability and cross section curves is ascribed to the deep potential well. The calculation of the rate constant reveals that the reaction occurring on the potential energy surface of the ground-state HS2is slow to take place.     

Photoassociation of ultracold RbCs molecules into the （2）0- state （v = 189,190） below the 5S1/2 ＋ 6P1/2 dissociation limit

Ultracold polar RbCs molecules are produced via photoassociation in a laser-cooled mixture of 85Rb and 133Cs atoms. The a 3Σ+ state molecules which decay from electronically excited (2)0- state RbCs molecules are detected by resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization. The new rovibrational levels (v = 189, 190) in the (2)0- state are also observed, which exist in theory and have not been observed in experiments yet. The corresponding rotational constants are measured by photoassociation spectroscopy, which are consistent with theoretical calculations using a nonrigid rotor model.     

Experimental evaluation of rate coefficients for Rb（5Dj）＋H2→ RbH＋H reaction

The Rb（5Dj）＋H2→RbH＋H photochemical reaction has been studied. Rb vapor mixed with H2 is irradiated in a glass cell with 778-nm pulses which populate one of the 52D states by two-photon absorption. Measurements for the relative intensities of the atomic fluorescence and the absorption of the RbH product near the axis of the cell yield the rate coefficients for the Rb（5D3/2）＋H2 and Rb（5D5/2）＋H2 reactions, which are （3.6±1.3） ×10^-11 and （1.7±0.6）×10^-11 cm^3/s, respectively. The relative reactivity with H2 for Rb（5D3/2） is higher than that for Rb（5D5/2）.     

Theoretical Analysis of Generalized Oscillator Strengths for Helium by R-Matrix Method

The high-energy electronic-impact excitation cross section is directly proportional to the generalized oscillators trength (GOS) of the target atom. The generalized oscillator strengths of helium atom from the ground state to the excited states (2^1S, 2^1P and 3^1D) are calculated using the updated R-matrix codes within the first Born approximation. Our calculation results are in good agreement with the previous theoretical and experimental results at high incident energies. In order to treat the bound-bound and bound-continuum transitions in a unified manner, the GOS density is defined based on the quantum defect theory. We calculate the GOS densities of ^1S, ^1p and ^1D charmels, namely the complete high-energy collision cross sections of electronic-impact excitations into all the n^1S, n^1P and n^1D excited states. In addition to high-energy excitation cross sections, a scheme to calculate the excitation cross sections for entire incident energy range is discussed.     

Stereodynamics study of the H′（^2S） ＋ NH（X^3∑-） 〉 N（4S） ＋ H2 reaction

The stereodynamics and reaction mechanism of the H′（^2S） ＋ NH （X^3∑^-） → N（^4S） ＋ H2 reaction are thoroughly studied at collision energies in the 0.1 eV-1.0 eV range using the quasiclassical trajectory （QCT） on the ground 4A″ potential energy surface （PES）. The distributions of vector correlations between products and reagents P（φr）, P（φr） and P（φr,φr） are presented and discussed. The results indicate that product rotational angular momentum j′ is not only aligned, but also oriented along the direction perpendicular to the scattering plane; further, the product H2 presents different rotational polarization behaviors for different collision energies. Furthermore, four polarization-dependent differential cross sections （PDDCSs） of the product He are also calculated at different collision energies. The reaction mechanism is analyzed based on the stereodynamics properties. It is found that the abstraction mechanism is appropriate for the title reaction.     

Quasi-classical trajectory investigation on the stereodynamics of Li ＋ DF（v=1-6,j=0）→LiF＋D reaction

In this paper, the stereodynamics of Li ＋ DF → Li F ＋ D reaction is investigated by the quasi-classical trajectory（QCT）method on the ^2A＇ potential energy surface（PES） at a relatively low collision energy of 8.76 kcal/mol. The scalar properties of the title reaction such as reaction probability and cross section are studied with vibrational quantum number of v = 1–6. The product angular distributions P（θr） and P（φr） are presented in the same vibrational level range. Moreover, two polarization-dependent generalized differential cross sections（PDDCSs）, i.e., the PDDCS00 and PDDCS22＋are calculated as well. These stereodynamical results demonstrate sensitive behaviors to the vibrational quantum numbers.     

Two-Photon Fluorescence Property and Ultrafast Dynamics of Two Dipolar Compounds with Dipicolinate as Electron Acceptor

Linear and nonlinear photophysical properties of two novel dipolar compounds named as trans- dimethyl-4-[4＇-（N,N-dimethylamino）-styry1]-pyridin-2,6-dicarboxylate （Xiao-1） and trans-dimethyl-4-[4＇-（N,N-diphenylamino）-styry1]-pyridin-2,6-dicarboxylate （Xiao-2） are investigated by steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, Z-scan and two-photon excited fluorescence measurements. Strong two-photon fluorescence emission and the pronounced positive solvatochromism are observed from two compounds. The two-photon absorption cross section of Xiao-2 is about 1.5 times larger than that of Xiao-1. One-color and two-color femtosecond pump-probe experiments are employed to investigate the excited state dynamics of two compounds. The relaxation lifetime of the intra-molecular charge transfer state is determined to be in the hundreds of picosecond domain for both the compounds in THF, and several tens of picosecond in DMSO solutions.     

Absolute Cross Sections for Near-Threshold Electron-Impact Excitation of the 2s^2S→2p^2P Transition of Li-Like C^3＋, N^4＋, and O^5＋ Ions

Excitation cross sections of 1s^22s ^2S1/2 → 1s^22p^2p1/2,3/2 transition among the fine-structure levels in Li-like C^3＋, N^4＋, and O^5＋ ions are calculated for energies of the near-threshold by using the relativistic distorted-wave program REIE06. The target state wavefunctions are calculated by using the Grasp92 code. The continuum orbitals are studied in the distorted-wave approximation, in which the direct and exchange potentials among all the electrons are included. The results of the Li-like C^3＋ ion settle the discrepancy between several previous experiments by using the crossed-beams fluorescence method, in good agreement with the measurements of Savin et al. Moreover, the results in Li-like N^4＋, and O^5＋ ions are compared with the previous experiments, and a good agreement is obtained.     

High resolution photoassociation spectra of an ultracold Cs2 long-range 0u＋ （6S1/2 ＋ 6P1/2） state＊

In this paper, ultracold cesium molecules are formed through photoassociation technology, which is carried out in a magneto-optical trap. High resolution photoassociaion spectra with the rotational progressions up to J = 7 are obtained. Three rovibrational levels of the long-range 0＋ state of Cs2 below the （6S1/2 ＋ 6P1/2） dissociation limit are specifically investigated. By fitting their binding energy intervals to the non-rigid rotational model, the rotational constant of the long- range 0u＋ state is determined. A proportional dependence of the value of the rotational constant on the vibrational quantum number is demonstrated.     

Visible Upconversion Emission in Er3＋—Doped GeO2—PbO—PbF2 Glass

The upconversion fluorescence emission of Er3 -doped 60GeO2-2OPbO-2OPbF2 glass was experimentally investigated under the pump of 976-nm laser diode. The results reveal the existence of intense emission bands centred around 524, 545, and 657nm at room temperature. The green emission at 524 and 545nm is due to the 4S3/2 2 Hll/2→ 4I15/2 transition and the red emission of 657nm originates from the 4F9/2-→4I15/2 transition of Er3 . The quadratic dependence of the green and red emissions on excitation power indicates that a two-photonabsorption process occurs under the 976-nm excitation. The excited- state absorption from 4I ll/2 and the cross relaxation between two Er3 ions in the 4I ll/2 state contribute to the green emission. The red emission at 657nm is attributed to the excited-state absorption and cross relaxation processes in the 4I13/2 level as well as the 4S3/2 level nonradiative transition of Er3 .     

State-to-state dynamics of F(~2P) + HO(~2Π) → O(~3P) + HF(~1Σ~+)reaction on 1~3A〞 potential energy surface

State-to-state time-dependent quantum dynamics calculations are carried out to study F(~2P) + HO(~2Π) → O(~3P) +HF(~1Σ~+) reaction on 1~3A〞 ground potential energy surface(PES). The vibrationally resolved reaction probabilities and the total integral cross section agree well with the previous results. Due to the heavy–light–heavy(HLH) system and the large exoergicity, the obvious vibrational inversion is found in a state-resolved integral cross section. The total differential cross section is found to be forward–backward scattering biased with strong oscillations at energy lower than a threshold of 0.10 eV, which is the indication of the indirect complex-forming mechanism. When the collision energy increases to greater than 0.10 eV, the angular distribution of the product becomes a strong forward scattering, and almost all the products are distributed at θ_t = 0°. This forward-peaked distribution can be attributed to the larger J partial waves and the property of the F atom itself, which make this reaction a direct abstraction process. The state-resolved differential cross sections are basically forward-backward symmetric for v' = 0, 1, and 2 at a collision energy of 0.07 eV; for a collision energy of 0.30 eV,it changes from backward/sideward scattering to forward peaked as v increasing from 0 to 3. These results indicate that the contribution of differential cross sections with more highly vibrational excited states to the total differential cross sections is principal, which further verifies the vibrational inversion in the products.     

Cross Section of Heavy Ion Reaction （14.5 MeV/u） ^132Xe ＋ Bi

We investigate the cross section of the heavy ion reaction （14.5 MeV/u） ^132Xe ＋ Bi by using a CR-39 plastic track detector. The target-detector assembly is exposed at UNILAC beam facility of GSI, Germany. After etching under appropriate etching conditions, the detector is scanned for multipronged events produced as a result of interactions of projectile ions with target atoms. The elastic events are separated from binary events and used for the determination of the quarter-point angle. The quarter-point angle obtained is used to determine the total reaction cross section. The total experimental reaction cross section is determined by using statistics of inelastic events of two-pronged and higher multiplicity events. The experimental reaction cross sections determined by using elastic and inelastic data observed in the reaction under study are found to be in good agreement with the theoretically calculated value of reaction cross section using a sharp cutoff model.     

Thermal Rate Constants of the N（^4S）＋O2（X^3∑g^-） → NO（X^2Ⅱ） ＋O（^3P） Reaction on the ^2A′ Potential Energy Surface

A quasiclassical trajectory study with the sixth-order explicit symplectic algorithm for the N（^4S）＋O2（X^3∑g^-） → NO（X^2Ⅱ） ＋O（^3P） reaction has been reported by employing a new ground potential energy surface. We have discussed the influence of the relative translational energy, the vibrational and rotational levels of O2 molecules on the total reaction cross section. Thermal rate constants at temperatures 300, 600, and 1000 K determined in this work for the reaction are 4.4 × 10^7, 1.8 × 10^10, and 3.1 × 10^11 cm^3mol^-1s^-1, respectively. It is found that they are in better agreement with the experimental data than previous theoretical values.     

Vector correlations study of the reaction N(~2D) + H_2(X~1Σ_g~+) →NH(a~1?) + H(~2S) with different collision energies and reagent vibration excitations

Vector correlations of the reaction N(2D)+ H2(X1Σ+g) → NH(a1?)+ H(2S) are studied based on a recent DMBESEC PES for the first excited state of NH2[J. Phys. Chem. A 114 9644(2010)] by using a quasi-classical trajectory method.The effects of collision energy and the reagent initial vibrational excitation on cross section and product polarization are investigated for v = 0–5 and j = 0 states in a wide collision energy range(10–50 kcal/mol). The integral cross section could be increased by H2 vibration excitation remarkably based on the DMBE-SEC PES. The different phenomena of differential cross sections with different collision energies and reagent vibration excitations are explained. Particularly,the NH molecules are scattered mainly in the backward hemisphere at low vibration quantum number and evolve from backward to forward direction with increasing vibration quantum number, which could be explained by the fact that the vibrational excitation enlarges the H–H distance in the entrance channel, thus enhancing the probability of collision between N atom and H atom. A further study on product polarization demonstrates that the collision energy and vibrational excitation of the reagent remarkably influence the distributions of P(θr), P(φr), and P(θr, φr).     

Stereodynamics of the O（^3p） with H： （D2） （v = O,j =O） reaction

Quasi-classical trajectory theory is used to study the reaction of O（3p） with H2 （D2） based on the ground 3A″ potential energy surface （PES）. The reaction cross section of the reaction O＋H2→＋OH＋H is in excellent agreement with the previous result. Vector correlations, product rotational alignment parameters （P2（j′. k）） and several polarizeddependent differential cross sections are further calculated for the reaction. The product polarization distribution exhibits different characteristics that can be ascribed to different motion paths on the PES, arising from various collision energies or mass factors.     

Theoretical prediction of the optimal conditions for observing the stereodynamical vector properties of the C（3P）＋OH （X2∏）→CO（X1S＋）＋H（2S） reaction

The best optimal initial reactant state and collision energy for observing the stereodynamical vector properties of the title reaction in the ground electronic state X2A’ potential energy surface （PES）[Zanchet et al. 2006 J. Phys. Chem. A 110 12017] are theoretically predicted using the quasi-classical trajectory （QCT） method for the first time. The calculated results reveal that the smallest value of the rotational quantum number j, larger vibrational quantum number v, and the lower strength of collision energy should be selected for offering the most obvious picture about the stereodynamical vector properties. Polarization-dependent differential cross sections and the angular momentum alignment distribution, P（θr） and P（Φr） in the center-of-mass frame, are obtained to gain an insight into the alignment and orientation of the product molecules. The rotational angular momentum vector j’ of CO is aligned to be perpendicular to reagent relative velocity k. The product polarizations align along the y axis, pointing to the positive direction of the y axis. A new method is developed to investigate massive reactions with various initial states and to further study the vector properties of the fundamental reactions in detail.