改进型声学边界元级数多频算法

对于声学多频分析问题,研究者提出了一种声学边界元级数多频算法节省了重复计算频率无关项的时间,但这种原始算法受到多项式拟合的Runge现象限制,计算频段较窄。进一步改进此原始方法,提出了级数截断项数的选取原则,加入波数因子调整自变量区间避免Runge现象,消除了原始算法的不稳定性,拓展了级数多频算法的适用范围。声辐射计算实例证明了改进的级数多频算法的正确性,所需级数截断项数更少,降低了计算量,能够应用于更高频段的声学分析。      

改进的非负声强和有用声强识别表面声辐射*

识别结构表面对远场声辐射有实质贡献的区域,对控制远场声辐射有重要意义。该文以非负声强法为基础得到改进的声强计算方法,这种方法比非负声强法计算量小,能更好地识别出表面对远场有贡献的区域。该文对有用声强法从特征值和截断准则的角度进行了一些改进。最后,以四边简支薄板为例,分别采用这三种方法计算几种不同频率下的噪声辐射区域。数值计算结果表明,采用该文提出的方法可以较好地识别出结构表面对远场声辐射有实质贡献的区域,而且计算量相对较小。     

运动声源多普勒畸变信号的一种时域校正方法

运动声源信号中广泛存在多普勒效应的影响,为了解决其引起的频移、频带扩展问题,提出了一种时域信号校正方法。该方法首先从运动关系和莫尔斯声学理论出发推导得出离散插值时间序列和幅值还原公式,然后对畸变信号进行幅值还原和插值拟合。仿真信号和实验信号处理结果表明多普勒效应带来的频移和频带扩展问题得到了较好的解决,畸变信号得到了有效校正。该方法在时域内对离散信号进行单点操作,与以往的频域处理方法相比具有无需已知声源特征频率、不受频带混叠因素影响的优点,该方法能够处理多频信号,是一种简单有效的多普勒效应消除方法。      

Validation of a medium-frequency computational method for the coupling between a plate and a water-filled cavity

The aim of this paper is the validation of a computation by a numerical method, normally adapted to the medium-frequency (MF) domain, of the strong coupling between an elastic structure (plate) and a cavity entirely filled with an internal acoustic viscous dense fluid (water). The method of computation does not lie in a modal approach (no need to extract the modal basis of the system) but it directly computes the frequency response of the system using a specific algorithm called the “Onera-MF method”.This method was developed to accurately calculate the response of complex systems in an MF broad band at a lower cost than standard modal method or direct step-by-step frequency method. The method can also be used for the low-frequency (LF) domain where modal densities of systems are low. The computation of the vibroacoustic response of the system lies in a finite element modelling of the overall system (structure and fluid) in which the coupling between the structure and the fluid (light or heavy) is directly taken into account within the formulation of the finite elements.A simple and well-known experimental case was chosen for validation: a parallelepipedic cavity entirely filled with water contained in a box defined by five rigid faces and closed at its end by an elastic clamped homogeneous plate.The validation is based on a comparison between measurement, the numerical computation and an analytical approach in the frequency band . Both the vibratory response of the plate and the acoustic pressure were compared. This study shows that the MF-method of computation used herein for this case also works in a modal domain.     

Propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators

Helmholtz resonators are widely used to reduce noise in a fluid-filled pipe system. It is a challenge to obtain lowfrequency and broadband attenuation with a small sized cavity. In this paper, the propagation of acoustic waves in a fluid-filled pipe system with periodic elastic Helmholtz resonators is studied theoretically. The resonance frequency and sound transmission loss of one unit are analyzed to validate the correctness of simplified acoustic impedance. The band structure of infinite periodic cells and sound transmission loss of finite periodic cells are calculated by the transfer matrix method and finite element software. The effects of several parameters on band gap and sound transmission loss are probed.Further, the negative bulk modulus of periodic cells with elastic Helmholtz resonators is analyzed. Numerical results show that the acoustic propagation properties in the periodic pipe, such as low frequency, broadband sound transmission, can be improved.     

特定频率响应FIR滤波器的设计及其在水声中的应用

在水声信号处理中，有时普通滤波器不能够满足应用要求，需要利用具有任意的给定频率响应的滤波器，本文利用自适应方法设计具有给定频率响应的FIR滤波器，将将该方法设计的滤波器用于产生宽带信号的精确时延信号和进行时域宽带波速形成，使用效果较好。该类滤波器使用非常有效。而且计算量小，易于工程实现。     

声场重构的声辐射模态阶数分析

利用声辐射模态法对椭球状声源辐射声场进行重构,分析了模态阶数对相对误差的影响,以及模态阶数与频率的关系;同时深入探讨了声源形状变化对模态阶数选取的影响。研究发现利用较少的模态阶数即可得到很好的重构效果,且声源形状的变化对重构所需模态阶数的影响较小,因此可将该方法用于任意形状声源的重构,体现了此方法在声场重构中的优越性。     

小波包节点分段阈值降噪在水声监听中的应用*

水声目标信号在发送、传播过程中,易受到环境噪声、系统自噪声等影响,因此水声监听过程中目标信号会掺杂大量噪声信息。为提高获取目标信号的准确性和可靠性,降低噪声,在已有小波分析基础上,提出小波包节点相对能量判断最优分解层,最优分解层节点系数分段阈值处理重构方法,实现水声监听信号分频段去噪。将0.1 kHz~8.4 k Hz实验数据按节点频率排序划分为5个强弱不同的频段信号实现消噪提取,结果表明该方法可将噪声信号与目标信号有效分离,与全局单一阈值相比,具有较好降噪能力。该方法打破了小波阈值去噪高频处理的局限性,提高了识别精度,改善了全局单一阈值去噪存在的短板,在鱼类分析识别、舰船监听、深海探测等方面具有一定的推广和应用价值。     

锥形颈部赫姆霍兹共振器声学性能预测

锥形颈部赫姆霍兹共振器具有更好的低频消声能力,而其声学性能尚无准确解析预测方法。为了研究其声学性能,在声学长度修正的基础上,利用一维解析方法建立了用于计算传递损失的一维修正模型。运用分割法计算锥形管内部声传播的声学长度修正,并给出了声学修正长度计算公式。采用得到的锥形管声学修正长度和一维修正模型,计算出的锥形颈部赫姆霍兹共振器频率与有限元及实验测试结果偏差在2 Hz以内,明显优于不修正的计算结果。表明锥形管声学长度修正法提高了一维解析方法的精度,从而可以快捷准确的预测锥形颈部赫姆霍兹共振器的消声性能。      

A time domain correction method for Doppler-distortion signal from acoustic moving source

Doppler effect widely exists in the signal from the moving acoustic source. In order to solve such problems as frequency shift and frequency band expansion, a time domain cor- rection method is presented in this paper. First, the discrete time vector for interpolation and the amplitude restoration formula is derived based on the moving relationship and the Morse acoustic theory, then the amplitude weights are corrected and the distortion signal is interpolated. Every point of the discrete signal is operated separately in time domain. Compared with the existing frequency domain methods, this method does not need to know the characteristic frequency beforehand and would not be influenced by the blending of the frequency band. Hence, this method can be employed to correct multiple frequency signals and it is also a simple and effective Doppler effect reduction method.     

封闭腔体噪声控制中亥姆霍兹共振器的优化设计方法

提出用亥姆霍兹共振器控制声腔内噪声时计算共振器最优阻尼比和最优工作带宽的理论公式,并进行实验验证。首先,建立共振器与待控腔体的声学耦合方程,以最小化腔体内目标声压幅值为参考,对共振器的阻尼比和工作带宽进行理论分析,求出最优阻尼比和最优工作带宽的计算公式。接着,提出在声腔噪声控制中使用最优亥姆霍兹共振器的实施步骤。最后,以一维声学腔体内的噪声为控制对象,通过对比控制前后的理论结果与实测数据,验证最优阻尼比和最优工作带宽的理论公式。结果表明,本文开发的亥姆霍兹共振器优化设计方法能准确地预报共振器的最优阻尼比与最优工作带宽,在声腔中低频噪声控制中有广泛的应用前景。      

Broadband planar nearfield acoustic holography based on one-third-octave band analysis

Planar nearfield acoustic holography (PNAH) is usually based on narrow-band, single frequency analysis, which is time consuming when the source behavior over a broad frequency range is of interest, as is the case with many industrial sources. In this paper a method, broadband planar nearfield acoustic holography based on one-third-octave band analysis (BPNAH), is described. Data relating to the complex band pressure on the hologram is obtained by combining the root-mean-square pressure corresponding to a one-third-octave band with the phase of the pressure corresponding to a single frequency line. Numerical simulations and measurements show that the BPNAH method allows a significant reduction in processing time, while keeping a similar accuracy to the conventional reconstruction, which is based on the summation of frequency by frequency in the corresponding band. As a simple, time-saving and robust technique, the BPNAH method is particularly well adapted to industrial studies.     

薄膜型声学超材料的结构设计与隔声特性*

为探讨薄膜型声学超材料用于汽车前围声学包、提高其中低频隔声能力的可行性,设计一种米字摆臂多质量块薄膜型声学超材料,构建其隔声分析有限元模型 ,分析其隔声特性及影响因素,开展结构优化及其在汽车前围声学包上的应用探索。研究表明,所设计的薄膜型声学超材料单胞在中低频区域具有较宽的隔声频带;增加薄膜上质量块半径或厚度会使传声损失曲线整体向低频区域移动,且质量块半径的增加还会拓宽高频区域的隔声频带;增加薄膜厚度或预应力会使传声损失曲线整体向高频区域移动;优化后的薄膜型声学超材料与钢板组合应用于汽车前围板,可明显提高其中低频隔声能力。     

Transient acoustic radiation from impulsively accelerated bodies by the finite element method

Bodies under impulsive motion, immersed in an infinite acoustic fluid, severely put to test any numerical method for the transient exterior acoustic problem. Such problems, in the context of the finite element method (FEM), are not well studied. FE modeling of such problems requires truncation of the infinite fluid domain at a certain distance from the structure. The volume of computation depends upon the extent of this domain as well as the mesh density. The modeling of the fluid truncation boundary is crucial to the economy and accuracy of solution and various boundary dampers have been proposed in the literature for this purpose. The second order damper leads to unsymmetric boundary matrices and this necessitates the use of an unsymmetric equation solver for large problems. The present paper demonstrates the use of FEM with zeroth, first and second order boundary dampers in conjunction with an unsymmetric, out of core, banded equation solver for impulsive motion problems of rigid bodies in an acoustic fluid. The results compare well with those obtained from analytical methods.     

内插扩张室声子晶体管路带隙特性研究

声子晶体管路的带隙特性,可以实现管路系统在特定频率下的噪声控制.利用二维模态匹配法推导出单个内插扩张室元胞的传递矩阵,结合Bloch定理,得到声子晶体管路的能带结构计算方法;验证了二维方法在计算能带结构时的准确性.研究发现,内插扩张室声子晶体管路存在布拉格带隙和局域共振带隙.进一步研究了晶格常数以及内插管长度对能带结构的影响,结果表明,晶格常数主要控制布拉格带隙,而内插管长度对局域共振带隙有较大的影响,并研究了两种参数变化下的带隙耦合.研究结果可以为管路降噪设计提供新的思路.     

三组元声子晶体中的缺陷态

运用基于平面波的超元胞方法，研究作为缺陷引入的第三组元材料(四氯化碳、水)对二维二组元声子晶体(水/水银，四氯化碳/水银)带结构的影响.结果表明，二组元声子晶体在引入第三组元点缺陷/线缺陷后，在原来的带结构中会出现缺陷态/带，原带隙的位置、宽度变化不大；缺陷态/带频率主要受第三组元材料物性参数的影响；这些缺陷态都是局域化的.因此，在具有宽带隙的二组元体系中引入适当的第三组元点缺陷/线缺陷，让缺陷态/带频率落在二组元体系的带隙中，就可以形成特殊的滤声态/波导态.声子晶体的这一特性对于声波/弹性波的传播和新的声学应用具有重要意义. 关键词： 声子晶体 三组元 点缺陷 线缺陷     

改进的半空间频率均方声压法计算结构频带振动声辐射

为计算中高频半空间结构频带振动下声辐射问题,推导了基于能量源的半空间频率均方声压法(Frequency Averaged Quadratic Pressure,FAQP),并提出了改进的半空间FAQP法,克服了半空间FAQP法在失效频率下解不唯一的问题。频率带宽为4 Hz的刚性壁面作用下的脉动球和与自由表面相接触的脉动半球的声辐射数值计算,验证了改进的半空间FAQP法对解决失效频率下解不唯一问题的有效性。同时,刚性壁面作用下的脉动球和与自由表面相接触的脉动半球声辐射数值计算结果均表明,在1/3倍频程下,改进的半空间FAQP法与常规边界元方法相比,具有更高的计算精度,更适用于中高频计算。      

On finite truncation of infinite shot noise series representation of tempered stable laws

Tempered stable processes are widely used in various fields of application as alternatives with finite second moment and long-range Gaussian behaviors to stable processes. Infinite shot noise series representation is the only exact simulation method for the tempered stable process and has recently attracted attention for simulation use with ever improved computational speed. In this paper, we derive series representations for the tempered stable laws of increasing practical interest through the thinning, rejection, and inverse Lévy measure methods. We make a rigorous comparison among those representations, including the existing one due to Imai and Kawai [29] and Rosiński (2007) [3], in terms of the tail mass of Lévy measures which can be simulated under a common finite truncation scheme. The tail mass are derived in closed form for some representations thanks to various structural properties of the tempered stable laws. We prove that the representation via the inverse Lévy measure method achieves a much faster convergence in truncation to the infinite sum than all the other representations. Numerical results are presented to support our theoretical analysis.     

Broadband acoustic concentrator with multilayered alternative homogeneous materials

A two-dimensional cylindrical acoustic concentrator is designed with multilayered alternative homogeneous materials, which can focus acoustic field and enhance acoustic energy in a given area. The frequency response analysis of the acoustic concentrator demonstrates that the acoustic energy can be concentrated within the device over a wide frequency band. Meanwhile, there are contradictory relations between the acoustic concentrating performances in the inner region and the scattering properties in the outer region of these concentrators. When the contradictory relations satisfy compromise balance, the concentration ratio can reach at least 70%.     

Inverse problem with beamforming regularization matrix applied to sound source localization in closed wind-tunnel using microphone array

Microphone arrays have become a standard technique to localize and quantify source in aeroacoustics. The simplest approach is the beamforming that provides noise source maps with large main lobe and strong side lobes at low frequency. Since a decade, the focus is set on deconvolution techniques such as DAMAS or Clean-SC. While the source map is clearly improved, these methods require a large computation time. In this paper, we propose a sound source localization technique based on an inverse problem with beamforming regularization matrix called Hybrid Method. With synthetic data, we show that the side lobes are removed and the main lobe is narrower. Moreover, if the sound noise source map provided by this method is used as input in the DAMAS process, the number of DAMAS iterations is highly reduced. The Hybrid Method is applied to experimental data obtained in a closed wind-tunnel. In both cases of acoustic or aeroacoustic data, the source is correctly detected. The proposed Hybrid Method is found simple to implement and the computation time is low if the number of scan points is reasonable.