ICP—AES直接测定土壤,沉积物中常,微量元素的光谱干扰和？…

本文研究了感耦等离子体原子发射光谱（ＥＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）法直接测定土、沉积物中常、微量元素的光谱干扰,以及用多元光谱拟合（ＭＳＦ）校正的方法。讨论了积分时间及谱线漂移对ＭＳＦ法的影响。比较了离峰扣背景法与ＭＳＦ法的效果,对水系沉积物ＧＢＷ０７３０６测定结果表明,ＭＳＦ法得出的结果更接近推荐值,且其检出限及相对标准偏差比离峰扣背景法分别改善了１．３～９．０倍和１．１～４．９倍。     

ICP-AES测定工业用氢氧化钠中Fe、Si、Ca和Mg

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定了工业用氢氧化钠中Fe、Si、Ca、Mg,探讨了功率对测定结果的影响,用离峰扣背景法消除背景干扰,用基体校正系数消除基体干扰,加标回收率在97.9%—105%之间。     

ICP-AES测定高纯碲中11种杂质元素

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法 (ICP- AES)同时测定高纯碲中 11种杂质元素。用离峰扣背景法消除背景干扰 ,检出限能满足高纯碲中杂质元素的测定要求 ,加标回收率在 94 .0 %— 10 8%之间。     

ICP-AES法测定碲锭中Al、Ag、Bi、Cu、Cd等13个杂质元素

本文介绍了采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定碲锭中Ａｌ、Ａｇ、Ｂｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ 等１３ 个杂质元素的方法。采用离峰扣背景法校正了碲基体的干扰,测定结果令人满意。     

ICP—AES法测定碲锭中A1,Ag,Bi,Cu,Cd等13个杂质元素

本文介绍了采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱尖（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ０测定碲锭中Ａ１、Ａｇ、Ｂｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ等１３个杂质元素的方法。采用离峰扣背景法校正了碲基体的干扰,测定结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES测定高浓度基体下杂质元素的偏最小二乘法研究

建立了ICP-AES测定高浓度基体中微量杂质元素的偏最小二乘方法(PLS)。研究表明,PLS能有效校正高浓度基体干扰引起的测量误差,比多元光谱拟合法(MSF)能承受的基体浓度更高。当基体与杂质的含量比为1 000∶1～20 000∶1时,该方法的加标回收率在95%～105%之间。对于干扰效应与基体浓度呈非线性相关的体系,普通PLS的预测准确度不高,但使用基于样品浓度矩阵变换的偏最小二乘法(LIN-PPLS),则明显改善了预测的准确度。分别用MSF、普通PLS和LIN-PPLS对水系沉积物国家标准物质GBW07312中的Co,Pb和Ga进行测定,结果表明,LIN-PPLS的预测准确度优于普通PLS,而普通PLS的预测准确度优于MSF。     

多重谱线拟合(MSF)扣除光谱干扰法在电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定钢铁中磷的应用研究

在用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定钢铁中磷时,已有的研究报告中大多采用P 178nm作分析谱线 ,但因其发射强度低而使测定精密度和检出限不理想.本文在采用多重谱线拟合(MSF)法扣除光谱干扰的基础上,测定了存在严重光谱干扰的P 214nm、P 213nm谱线,同时也测定了没有光谱干扰的P 178nm、P 177nm谱线,结果表明,P 213nm谱线的测定精密度和检出限最好,比常用P 178nm谱线的精密度高5倍,RSD达到2%以内,检出限也比常用P 178nm谱线的小10倍.     

碘化物升华分离-电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中砷、锑、铋、镉、锡

将土壤或水系沉积物样品与固体NH4I按1:0·25的比例在双球玻璃管中混匀后在苯灯喷焰上加热,使样品中的As,Sb,Bi,Cd和Sn转变为碘化物升华逸出而与基体分离,挥发物用盐酸溶解后用电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定。实验探讨了NH4I的用量、挥发和溶解条件,光谱测定条件,内标选择,测定谱线选择及背景和谱线干扰校正。用土壤和水系沉积物国家一级标准物质验证了方法的准确性和精密度,测定结果与标准值吻合。方法快速简便,结果可靠,检出限为0·01～0·35μg·g-1,适用于地球化学勘探大批量土壤和沉积物样品中As,Sb,Bi,Cd和Sn的测定。     

密闭消解ICP-AES测定钨矿石和钼矿石中的9种组分

采用密闭消解法分解试样,电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定钨矿石和钼矿石中的主量和微量元素.试样经过氧化氢、氢氟酸、盐酸、硝酸、高氯酸密闭消解,王水和酒石酸提取后,用ICP-AES同时测定钨矿石和钼矿石中铍、铁、钾、镧、锰、钼、钠、钛、钨等9种元素,利用离峰背景校正法消除了背景干扰.方法的检出限在0.14-145μg/g之间,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)均小于10％,加标回收率在90％-110％之间.经国家一级标准物质分析验证,分析结果与推荐值基本吻合.     

王水溶样ICP-AES同时测定土壤样品中的铜、铅、锌、铁、锰、钼和硫

采用王水溶样ICP-AES同时测定土壤样品中的铜、铅、锌、铁、锰、钼、硫元素.对样品溶解方法、溶解时间、谱线选择、干扰及背景扣除进行了讨论,用国家一级标准物质进行准确度、精密度实验.精密度(RSD,n=8)小于9.99％,准确度(△lgC)钼元素小于0.18(小于3倍检出限)、其他元素小于0.08.运用该方法对江苏省南京江宁区莺子山地区的资源评价项目土壤样品进行了测试,测试数据与传统方法进行了比对,结果吻合.     

Radionuclides in deposition in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005

Results of radionuclide activity concentration measurements in deposition and ground-level air conducted at the station of the Institute of Physics situated 3.5 km from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Ignalina NPP) in 2005 are analyzed. Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be, ⁶⁰Co and ¹³⁷Cs are estimated. Radionuclide particle deposition rates are calculated. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model of the global dispersion and deposition is used to explain variations in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration in the ground-level air in the Ignalina NPP region in 2005. An increase in the ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration of up to 17.4 μBq m⁻³ on 30 October-5 November is studied. Modelling results show that the Chernobyl NPP Unit 4 Sarcophagus and the radiocaesium resuspension from the Chernobyl NPP accident polluted regions are sources of ¹³⁷Cs to the environment of the Ignalina NPP. Results on solubility in water of aerosols — carriers of ¹³⁷Cs — are discussed.     

Fano-type features in magnetoabsorption in semiconductors

It is shown that bulk semiconductors exhibit strongly asymmetric Fano-type resonance profiles in magnetoabsorption processes involving the formation of hot electron-hole pairs (EHPs) and accompanied by the scattering of the EHPs by defects. This result is valid for transitions to electronic states with large Landau quantum numbers, when the Coulomb interaction plays a small role. The physical reason for such a sharp change in the magnetoabsorption coefficient as compared with the expected result for the ordinary density of states in a quantizing magnetic field is that the electronic excitations are quasi-one-dimensional. The form of the resonance absorption is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 8, 619–622 (25 April 1996)     

Universal scaling in BCS superconductivity in three dimensions in non-s waves

The solutions of a renormalized BCS equation are studied in three space dimensions in s, p and d waves for finite-range separable potentials in the weak to medium coupling region. In the weak-coupling limit, the present BCS model yields a small coherence length and a large critical temperature, , appropriate for some high- materials. The BCS gap, , and specific heat as a function of zero-temperature condensation energy are found to exhibit potential-independent universal scalings. The entropy, specific heat, spin susceptibility and penetration depth as a function of temperature exhibit universal scaling below in p and d waves. Received: 18 July 1997 / Revised: 8 September 1997 / Accepted: 29 September 1997     

Supergravity in theory in 11 dimensions

We present the action and transformation laws of supergravity in 11 dimensions which is expected to be closely related to the O(8) theory in 4 dimensions after dimensional reduction.     

Uncertainty in prediction and in inference

The concepts of uncertainty in prediction and inference are introduced and illustrated using the diffraction of light as an example. The close relationship between the concepts of uncertainty in inference and resolving power is noted. A general quantitative measure of uncertainty in inference can be obtained by means of the so-called statistical distance between probability distributions. When applied to quantum mechanics, this distance leads to a measure of the distinguishability of quantum states, which essentially is the absolute value of the matrix element between the states. The importance of this result to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle is noted. The second part of the paper provides a derivation of the statistical distance on the basis of the so-called method of support.     

Thermal convection in Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid in porous medium in hydromagnetics

The thermal instability of a layer of Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid in porous medium acted on by a uniform magnetic field is considered. For stationary convection, Rivlin-Ericksen elastico-viscous fluid behaves like a Newtonian fluid. The magnetic field is found to have stabilizing effect whereas medium permeability has destabilizing effect. The magnetic field introduces oscillatory modes in the system, A sufficient condition for the non-existence of overstability is also obtained.     

Scale-free phenomenon in industries in China

In this paper, we investigate the data of industries in China and find that the frequency distributions of fixed assets and fixed-assets’ investment of industries obey power laws. We show that these power-law modes can be explained by the rules of the Simon Model, rather than the existing investment theories such as the classical investment theory or acceleration principle. Moreover, the mechanism of the investment distribution may be similar to the forest-fire model of self-organizing criticality. By introducing the complex system methods, this research changes the traditional opinion of the investment and gains some meaningful understanding in the dynamics of industries and the economic cycle.