国际高能脉冲X射线闪光照相加速器的发展综述北大核心CSCD

高能脉冲X射线闪光照相加速器在高性能爆轰流体动力学实验研究中具有重要应用,是牵引高功率脉冲技术发展的重大需求之一。综述了射频直线加速器、电子感应加速器、基于高压脉冲源和高功率二极管的强流脉冲功率加速器3大类、5种闪光照相加速器技术路线的主要特点、代表性装置,对比了几种技术路线的特点,展望了未来发展趋势:一是大力发展共轴多脉冲X射线分幅照相技术;二是采用全固态脉冲功率组件实现加速器紧凑化、小型化和可移动。     

电容放电式脉冲励磁电源研究

 针对大型直线感应加速器单次工作的特点，研制了一种电容放电式脉冲励磁电源。该电源利用电容器的储能特性，取代常规电源的变压整流滤波部分，先对其以小电流恒流充电，然后再以大电流恒流放电来获得直线感应加速器励磁电流。对这种电源进行了理论分析和模拟计算，模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。实验结果表明：这种电源能够脉冲工作，同时输入功率大幅度降低，在输出电流500 A，持续时间0.3 s时，输入功率400 W，输出功率25 kW，电流稳定度0.2%， 谐波小， 电流纹波小，所用电容器100块左右(33 mF)，经济上也可承受，是一种非常适合直线感应加速器的励磁电源。     

双脉冲电子束源实验研究

 利用现有2MeV直线感应注入器，通过改造，将其次级功率源和8个感应腔分成2组，使之交替工作，建立了一台双脉冲电子束源。二极管电压脉冲幅度达到1MeV，电子束脉冲持续时间为120ns，脉冲间隔可以根据需要在100~500ns间进行调节。实验结果表明：该双脉冲电子束源可以产生双脉冲电子束，其电压幅度差值小于2%，束流可达3kA，并且工作稳定，利用该装置可以进行多脉冲二极管物理和天鹅绒多脉冲发射特性实验研究。     

神龙二号多脉冲电子束束参数的时间分辨测量技术

神龙二号是一台三脉冲强流脉冲电子束直线感应加速器,就其多脉冲的电子束束参数的测量而言,基本要求是单个脉冲可分辨,进一步的要求是脉冲内时间可分辨。基于光学渡越辐射原理及瞬态发射度测量系统原理,发展了一种束斑与发散角可以分开测量的光学布局结构,结合多台高速分幅相机,成功研制了一套完整的多脉冲电子束束参数的测量系统,其特点是灵活的组合测量方式,全面满足了神龙二号复杂艰难的调试及参数测量工作要求。测量系统最高时间分辨测量能力达到约2 ns的水平,单个脉冲可以获得至少8个时间分辨的束参数测量结果。     

强流加速器中束晕-混沌的延迟反馈控制

简要分析了延迟反馈法运用于束晕混沌控制的理论可行性并实现了5种不同的初始质子分布情形下强流加速器中束晕混沌的有效控制.控制律为线性,反馈量小,有利于技术实现和降低控制代价,可为强流加速器的工程实现提供参考. 关键词： 束晕-混沌 强流加速器 延迟反馈     

On‐chip THz spectrometer for bunch compression fingerprinting at fourth‐generation light sources

The layout of an integrated millimetre‐scale on‐chip THz spectrometer is presented and its peformance demonstrated. The device is based on eight Schottky‐diode detectors which are combined with narrowband THz antennas, thereby enabling the simultaneous detection of eight frequencies in the THz range on one chip. The size of the active detector area matches the focal spot size of superradiant THz radiation utilized in bunch compression monitors of modern linear electron accelerators. The 3 dB bandwidth of the on‐chip Schottky‐diode detectors is less than 10% of the center frequency and allows pulse‐resolved detection at up to 5 GHz repetition rates. The performance of a first prototype device is demonstrated at a repetition rate of 100 kHz at the quasi‐cw SRF linear accelerator ELBE operated with electron bunch charges between a few pC and 100 pC.     

强流电子束束心横向运动调谐技术研究

 介绍了为抑制“神龙一号”加速器束流束心螺旋运动而开展的强流电子束束心轨迹的调谐技术研究和实验结果。通过束质心轨迹校正调谐,使“神龙一号”输出束流脉冲50 ns平顶部分螺旋模的振幅由大于4 mm减小到小于1 mm。同时介绍了调谐原理和方法,相关的数值模拟结果与实验结果的比较以及正在进行中的计算机智能调谐研究。     

强流加速器材料研究

加速器技术的快速发展以及科学技术研究和应用的不断需求,使得高流强和高品质成为新一代加速器装置的最重要的指标。目前大型科学实验装置如重离子束驱动的惯性约束聚变装置、对撞机、中微子及介子工厂、散裂中子源等都需要强流加速器。详细介绍了强流加速器中涉及的材料问题以及强流加速器在聚变堆材料研究中的作用和前景。With the increasing development of accelerator technology and the growing requirements from scientific and technical researches as well as applications, high intensity and high performance become the most important characters of the new accelerator facilities. Currently, many large-scale scientific experimental facilities such as the heavy-ion driven inertial confined fusion facility, the collider, the neutrino and muon factories, the spallation neutron source and so on all need the high intensity accelerators. In this paper, the material issues relevant to the high intensity accelerators and the applications of high intensity accelerators are introduced.     

基于RBF神经网络的强流LIA故障诊断与性能评价技术

 用于流体动力学诊断的强流LIA是庞大而复杂的系统，其性能预测和评估是十分困难的。针对强流LIA大量的单次快脉冲非平稳信号，提出基于小波包分析与RBF神经网络技术相结合实现故障智能诊断和性能评价的方法。该方法以强流LIA高维信号的小波包结点能量提取的特征向量来表征信号平顶、脉宽以及暂态特性。在此基础上，建立了“神龙一号”加速器腔电压及注入器出口束流故障诊断与性能评价原型系统，该系统不仅可进行故障诊断和性能评价，还可探测到加速器运行参数的变化趋势，为加速器的精细维护提供预测信息。     

Efficiency and energy spread in laser-wakefield acceleration

The theoretical limits on efficiency and energy spread of the laser-wakefield accelerator are investigated using a one-dimensional model. Modifications, both of the wakefield due to the electron bunch, and of the laser pulse shape due to the varying permittivity of the plasma, are described self-consistently. It is found that a short laser pulse gives a higher efficiency than a long laser pulse with the same initial energy. Energy spread can be minimized by optimizing bunch length and bunch charge such that the variation of the accelerating force along the length of the bunch is minimized. An inherent trade-off between energy spread and efficiency exists.     

10MeVLIA加速电压、电子束流测试

描述了中物院流体物理研究所１０ＭｅＶ电子直线感应加速器（１０ＭｅＶＬＩＡ）加速电压、电子束流波形测试方法，主要介绍了为探测加速腔电压波形而设计的电容性高压脉冲探头（ＣＶＰ探头）及其测试方法，并介绍了用电阻环四象限点监测束流质心位置及束流强度的方法。     

Dephasing time of a positron accelerated by a laser pulse

The dephasing time of a positron in the total field associated with a laser pulse in a plasma J28is studied numerically. It is shown that the dynamics of the positron is quite different from that of an electron due to the electrostatic potential in the body of the pulse. The dephasing time of the positron increases with the pulse length and decreases with the pulse intensity nonlinearly. In the long pulse case (L》λ_p) the dephasing time is proportional to the pulse length. These results provide a scientific basis for experiments to observe the positron acceleration scheme, and may be important to the physics of laser-article interactions in multi-component plasmas.     

高重复率猝发高压多脉冲加速组元

详细介绍了基于形成线并联和传输线延时两种不同技术路线的MHz重复率猝发多脉冲加速组元的工作原理、应用背景和技术特点,针对现有传输线延时双脉冲加速组元的主要问题提出了一种新的猝发高压双脉冲加速组元设计思路并进行了实验验证,使双脉冲加速组元在兼顾更高稳定性和更好波形品质的同时,解决了双脉冲电压独立调节、间隔调节及单双脉冲模式转换的问题。     

Thomson backscattering X-rays from ultra-relativistic electron bunches and temporally shaped laser pulses

The process of Thomson scattering of an ultra-intense laser pulse by a relativistic electron bunch has been proposed as a way to obtain a bright source of short, tunable and quasi-monochromatic X-ray pulses. The real applicability of such a method depends crucially on the electron-beam quality, the angular and energetic distributions playing a relevant role. In this paper we present the computation of the Thomson-scattered radiation generated by a plane-wave, linearly polarized and flat-top laser pulse, incident on a counterpropagating electron bunch having a sizable angular divergence and a generic energy distribution. Both linear and nonlinear Thomson-scattering regimes are considered and the impact of the rising front of the pulse on the scattered-radiation distribution has been taken into account. Simplified relations valid for long laser pulses and small values of both scattering angle and bunch divergence are also reported. Finally, we apply the results to the cases of backscattering with electron bunches typically produced with both standard radio-frequency-based accelerators and laser–plasma accelerators.     

1.5MeV LIA脉冲功率系统

本文简要介绍了1.5MeV LIA脉冲功率系统的结构、组成和设计思想;给出了开关运行参数和确定开关时间抖动指标的方法、闭环系统的总抖动对加速电压相对变化的影响、脉冲功率系统各段输出波形和电压幅度的调制关系;测量结果表明,1.5MeV LIA的运行功率和时间同步满足总体设计要求。     

Construction and timing system of the EPOS beam system

The Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf provides an intense pulsed 40 MeV electron beam with high brilliance and low emittance (ELBE). The pulse has a length of 1-10 ps and a repetition time of 77 ns, or in slow mode 616 ns. The EPOS system (ELBE Positron Source) generates by pair production on a tungsten converter and a tungsten moderator an intense pulsed beam of mono-energetic positrons. To transport the positrons to the laboratory (12 m) we constructed a magnetic beam guidance system with a longitudinal magnetic field of 75 G. In the laboratory outside the cave, the positron beam is chopped and bunched according to the time structure, because the very sharp bunch structure of the electron pulses is broadened for the positron beam due to transport and moderation.     

研究堆慢正电子源构建中的关键机理问题

研究堆慢正电子源是获得高强度慢正电子束流的有效方式,国际上己建成多座装置并获得广泛应用.与常规同位素慢正电子源相比,研究堆慢正电子源的物理过程复杂,影响末端束流强度的因素众多,对其进行深入研究与合理建模是未来在中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)上构建慢正电子源的基础.本文厘清了研究堆慢正电子产生的关键过程与物理机理,建立了预测末端正电子束流强度的理论模型,找到了影响其末端强度的主要物理量:快正电子体产生率、慢化体有效表面积、慢化体扩散距离、慢正电子从表面被提取到靶环末端的效率、及束流系统提取效率.用多种实验结果对模型进行校验,包括多个同位素慢正电子源的效率测量值,以及PULSTAR研究堆慢正电子源测量结果,充分验证了模型正确性.根据模型对各物理量的影响因素进行了分析,找到了需着重关注的影响因素,对未来源/靶结构的设计给出建议.     

Stretching of slow positron pulses generated with an electron linac

A facility for generating a high intensity slow positron beam using an electron linear accelerator has been constructed. A conversion efficiency of 6×10^–7 slow positrons per incident electron has been obtained for 75 MeV electrons. Storage and stretching of pulsed slow positrons have been successfully carried out with a Penning trap.     

直线感应加速器组元的双脉冲改造

 对用于单脉冲直线感应加速器的加速组元进行了双脉冲改造的初步尝试：利用传输线延时获得了双脉冲馈入；用铁氧体作为磁芯材料，在感应腔上得到了双脉冲腔压波形。结果表明，现有组元功率系统经过简单的改造，可以获得两个甚至多个脉冲输出；在伏秒值允许的范围内，铁氧体磁芯的感应腔可以感应出双脉冲波形。为以后多脉冲直线感应加速器的改造和设计提供了一个方向，也提出了一些有待解决的问题。     

基于Marx自激监测控制的闪光照相试验可靠性提高技术研究

强流直线感应加速器（LIA）主要应用于闪光照相试验，对其工作可靠性的要求很高。但LIA中包含了庞大的高电压脉冲功率系统，在充电及等待时期，存在发生自激的可能性，从而导致试验失败，并造成重大经济损失及严重影响。从对Marx等装置发生自激后进行立即监测控制的角度，提出了一种提高闪光照相试验可靠性的方法，并研制了可靠性高、适应各种高压放电装置的无源放电检测探头，采用大规模可编程集成电路作为系统中的逻辑处理单元，提高了系统集成度，降低了线路的复杂程度，降低了系统调试的难度，研制的监测控制器可方便地进行监测路数的扩充，适应多达几十路放电装置的检测与监控。功率系统装置自激后，自激监测控制系统响应速度快，最快可以达到100 ns级，且系统抗干扰能力强，满足在闪光试验环境工作的要求，达到了在一定程度上提高闪光照相试验可靠性的目的。