Preliminary design of a laser accelerator beam line

A compact laser plasma accelerator(CLAPA) is being built at Peking University, which is based on an RPA-PSA mechanism or other acceleration mechanisms. The beam produced by this laser accelerator has the characteristics of short duration, high pulse current, large divergence angle, and wide energy spectrum. The beam cannot be produced by a normal ion source and accelerator. The space charge field in the initial is very strong.According to the beam parameters from preparatory experiments and theoretical simulations, a compact beam line is preliminarily designed. The beam line mainly consists of common transport elements to deliver proton beam with the energy of 1–50 MeV, energy spread of 0–±1% and current of 0–108 proton per pulse to satisfy the requirement of different experiments. The simulation result of a 15 MeV proton beam with an energy spread of ±1%, current of 400 m A, and final spot radius of 9 mm is presented in this paper.     

装置极化效率对极化中子成像质量的影响及修正分析

极化中子照相技术通过分析极化中子束的自旋相移对样品磁场进行成像, 自旋极化/分析装置是照相系统的主要组成部分. 引入中子自旋极化/分析装置的极化效率参数, 从中子极化矢量与磁场相互作用机理出发, 重新推导探测中子强度与磁场分布的定量关系, 利用谱仪模拟软件VITESS, 选取bender型超镜极化器和 ³He 自旋过滤器作为极化/分析装置, 对量化修正式进行验证, 并综合装置极化效率、单色器能量分辨精度和bender型极化器的几何结构等参数, 初步分析极化中子照相技术的磁场定量检测能力, 相关结果可为极化中子照相的实验数据处理技术研究及装置设计提供参考. 关键词： 极化效率 中子照相 磁场成像     

研究堆慢正电子源构建中的关键机理问题

研究堆慢正电子源是获得高强度慢正电子束流的有效方式,国际上己建成多座装置并获得广泛应用.与常规同位素慢正电子源相比,研究堆慢正电子源的物理过程复杂,影响末端束流强度的因素众多,对其进行深入研究与合理建模是未来在中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)上构建慢正电子源的基础.本文厘清了研究堆慢正电子产生的关键过程与物理机理,建立了预测末端正电子束流强度的理论模型,找到了影响其末端强度的主要物理量:快正电子体产生率、慢化体有效表面积、慢化体扩散距离、慢正电子从表面被提取到靶环末端的效率、及束流系统提取效率.用多种实验结果对模型进行校验,包括多个同位素慢正电子源的效率测量值,以及PULSTAR研究堆慢正电子源测量结果,充分验证了模型正确性.根据模型对各物理量的影响因素进行了分析,找到了需着重关注的影响因素,对未来源/靶结构的设计给出建议.     

具有kgd拓扑结构的二维铅配位聚合物的合成、结构及性质研究(英文)

醋酸铅(Pb(Ac)2·3H2O)和咪唑乙酸(Hima)通过溶胶凝胶扩散合成二维配位聚合物[Pb(ima)2]n(1)的单晶。X-射线单晶衍射分析表明,晶体属于单斜晶系,P21/n空间群,晶胞参数为:a=0.8750(2)nm,b=5.1226(12)nm,c=13.292(3)nm,β=93.570(4)°,V=594.6(2)nm3,Z=2。配合物[Pb(ima)2]n是一个具有二维kgd拓扑结构的配位聚合物,二维层间又通过C-H…O氢键连接形成三维超分子结构。对配合物的红外、元素、热重及荧光等性质进行了研究。     

新书出版消息

北京出版社即将出版一套《物理学手册》,共七本,其中《电磁学手册》由北京师范学院编写;《力学手册》和《固体物理手册》由清华大学编写;《学手册》由河北大学编写;《光学手册》由天津大学编写;《声学手册》和《原子、原子核物理手册》由北京大学编写. 《物理学手册》的内容包括基本概念、定律、定理和公式;各分支学科的发展简史;物理实验技术和物理数据等四部分.内容比较丰富全面,注意收集近代物理学发展的新资料、新观点及数据,并且注意实用性.它是一套有一定广度、深度的中等规模的、实用的物理学工具书,既能配合大专院校的教学,供教帅、…     

样品转动方式对中子全息成像结果的影响

在中子全息成像实验中, 为避免透射中子干扰, 入射中子束方向与样品-探测器方向不能在一条直线上, 同时采用探测器移动结合样品转动或仅样品转动的方式, 避免探测系统的大范围移动. 因此在样品的转动过程中, 入射中子束和探测器相对于样品的位置同时发生改变, 内源全息项和内探测器全息项作为变量被记录在同一幅全息图中, 并在重建过程中相互干扰. 本文对基于中子三轴谱仪和四圆谱仪的三种不同转动方式进行了中子全息记录和重建模拟研究, 并讨论其修正方法. 结果表明, 各转动方式都可以通过适当的方法消除或减轻相关影响, 而其中基于三轴谱仪的纯样品转动方式可以使用两个探测器记录的方式, 避开入射中子束方向与样品-探测器方向不能在一条直线上的限制, 得到完整的全息图, 同时通过数据处理能基本消除相对转动造成的干扰, 达到理想的重建结果, 在条件允许的情况下应予优先采用.     

Electronegativity explanation on the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of the hybrid inorganic–organic perovskite ABX_3 from first-principles study

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites play an important role in improving the efficiency of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. In this paper, we systematically explore the efficiency-enhancing mechanism of ABX_3(A = CH_3NH_3; B = Sn,Pb; X = Cl, Br, I) and provide the best absorber among ABX_3 when the organic framework A is CH_3NH_3 by first-principles calculations. The results reveal that the valence band maximum(VBM) of the ABX_3 is mainly composed of anion X p states and that conduction band minimum(CBM) of the ABX_3 is primarily composed of cation B p states. The bandgap of the ABX_3 decreases and the absorptive capacities of different wavelengths of light expand when reducing the size of the organic framework A, changing the B atom from Pb to Sn, and changing the X atom from Cl to Br to I. Finally, based on our calculations, it is discovered that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3has the best optical properties and its light-adsorption range is the widest among all the ABX_3 compounds when A is CH_3NH_3. All these results indicate that the electronegativity difference between X and B plays a fundamental role in changing the energy gap and optical properties among ABX_3 compounds when A remains the same and that CH_3NH_3 Sn I_3 is a promising perovskite absorber in the high efficiency solar batteries among all the CH_3NH_3BX_3 compounds.     

Black Hole Hair in Higher Dimensions

We study the property of matter in equilibrium with a static, spherically symmetric black hole in D- dimensional spacetime. It requires that this kind of matter has an equation of state ω≡pr/ρ = -n/（n ＋ 2k）, k, n ∈ N （where n 〉 1 corresponds to a mixture of vacuum matter and ＂hair＂ matter）, which seems to be independent of D. However, when we associate this result with specific models, we find that these hairy black holes can live only in some special dimensional spacetime： （i） D = 2 ＋ 2k/n while the black hole is surrounded by cosmic strings, which requires D is even or D ∈ N, depending on the value of n, this is consistent with some important results in superstring theory, it might reveal the relation between cosmic string and superstring in another aspect; （ii） the black hole can be surrounded by linear dilaton field only in 4-dimensional spacetime. In both cases, D = 4 is special. We also present some examples of such hairy black holes in higher dimensions, including a toy model with negative energy density.     

液体表面张力系数的非电量电测

使用电阻应变原理测量液体表面张力系数 ,实现了非电量电测 ,而且提高了实验精度和稳定性     

在重费米子体系中发现外尔费米子激发

<正>凝聚态物质中的拓扑序和拓扑相变是物理学中的一个重要发现,它突破了基于对称性破缺的经典朗道理论,解释了包括涡旋激发、量子霍尔效应等在内的许多新现象。近年来,人们在凝聚态材料中发现了一系列受对称性保护的拓扑量子物态,例如拓扑绝缘体、狄拉克半金属、外尔半