基于PCI8602的压力传感器测试系统设计

为了便于压力传感器生产商对产品质量进行检测,设计了一种压力传感器性能测试系统,该系统由工业计算机、数据采集卡、标准压力变送器、信号处理电路以及多通道被测传感器组成,系统测试时使用工业计算机端VB应用程序控制整个测试过程;通过将4~20 mA标准压力变送器和被测多通道压力传感器置于同一被测环境,由VB应用程序实时采集两者的输出值并进行计算,软件通过分析处理可判断被测传感器性能好坏;测试系统可借助VB语言灵活地调整软件功能及测试界面,广泛应用于企业压力传感器的实验室检测;实际应用表明,该系统可节省人工,降低工人劳动强度,提高检测质量。     

基于三模冗余的运载火箭增压控制设备设计

目前某型号运载火箭增压输送系统采用机械式控制方式,该方式调试难度较高、误差较大;为此提出了一种基于三模冗余的数字式增压控制设备方案;该增压控制设备采用3个完全相同的处理单元进行压力数据采集及处理,在每个处理单元中,由数字式压力传感器进行贮箱压力测量并传送给单片机;通过单片机进行软件滤波和数据分析判读处理,输出控制信号;采用高可靠硬件表决单元对单片机输出的控制信号进行三取二表决,输出最终的电磁阀控制结果;试验表明,该增压控制设备易于调试和测试,测量精度在1%以内;该增压控制设备已完成样机研制,具有较高的通用性及可靠性。     

VXI总线多通道压力传感器仿真模块设计与实现

某型发动机系统主要由综控器、传感器、电机泵、电磁阀等部件组成,综控器是整个系统的核心控制部件,为测试综控器的性能是否符合要求,需要为综控器提供各种工况下的传感器（主要为压力传感器）数据进行仿真试验。采用真实的压力传感器开展上述工作,一方面需要构建复杂的工作环境,难度大、数据精确度难以保证,另一方面地面环境下的传感器信号变化难以实时调整,难以满足数据快速变化的需要。基于以上因素考虑,给出了一种基于VXI总线的多通道压力传感器仿真模块的设计方法,模块共有24路压力传感器电路,每路独立配置输出。模块以“VXI总线接口电路 VXI总线功能电路”的结构进行布局,VXI总线接口电路主要包括“CPLD 双口RAM”,对VXI总线指令进行解释、译码;VXI总线功能电路主要包括“96系列单片机 DA输出电路 两线压力传感器电路”,完成对真实传感器输出信号的电气特性仿真模拟。模块的驱动程序在Lab Windows/CVI6.0的环境下编制,供用户进行程序调用和快速操作使用。该模块已在VXI总线测试系统中得到应用,实际情况表明,模块的输出精度高、信号调整方便、响应快,满足了综控器仿真深度测试的要求。     

基于FBG的液压系统中流量/压力/温度同时测量技术

针对传统液压系统检测中存在的传感器功能单一、体积较大、测量精度不高等问题,提出一种光纤光栅复合传感器.该传感器以一体化的靶片式流量传感结构为基础,融合光纤光栅压力和温度传感器,可以实现对液压系统流量、压力和温度的同时测量.在对各参数传感模型理论分析的基础上,对传感器的结构进行设计,并制作了传感器实物.利用液压综合试验系统等设备对传感器进行了性能测试和参数标定,得到其流量灵敏度为0.049L/s,压力灵敏度为28.4pm/Mpa,温度灵敏度为14.9pm/℃,验证了传感器设计的合理性.同时,传感器的温度测量功能可在流量和压力测量中作为参考,克服温度的交叉敏感效应,提高传感器的环境适应能力.     

FBG传感器在空腔爆炸压力测量中的应用研究

光纤光栅(FBG)传感器具有灵敏度高，测量量程大，抗电磁干扰能力强，耐高温能力强等诸多优点，在爆炸冲击测试领域具有广泛的应用前景。针对空腔爆炸压力变化历程对压力传感器的性能要求，设计了一种抗冲击FBG压力传感器。传感器采用圆平膜片作为承压面，利用均匀压力作用下的挠度拉伸FBG产生位移。对传感器的力学模型进行了理论计算，并进行了有限元仿真，理论分析与数值模拟计算结果误差小于2%。使用标准压力源对传感器进行了标定，获得最终的压力灵敏度为545.187 kPa/nm，线性度相关度为99.998%。根据空腔爆炸现场防护需求，设计了有效的抗爆防护装置，并将该传感器成功用于空腔爆炸爆后气体压力变化历程测量，取得很好的测试效果。     

并联传感器系统压力传感器故障诊断系统设计

在工业生产过程中电子皮带秤普遍采用多个称重传感器输出信号的并联方法,而该方法对多个称重传感器无法独立采集同时无法准确判断故障。应用TI公司MSC1210单片机最小系统和信号分离器,设计一种并联传感器系统压力传感器故障诊断系统,实现多个称重传感器并联应用时的独立采集;发明一种皮带秤称重传感器累计量校准方法,将不断变化的累计量转换成定量值实现并联传感器系统压力传感器故障诊断。结果表明该系统较好实现多个称重传感器的独立采集和故障传感器判断,为皮带秤等计量装置并联传感器系统的技术升级提供有效手段。     

基于新型ICP脉动压力传感器的信号调理电路设计与实现

在飞行器地面试验中,新型ICP脉动压力传感器常用来测量飞行器与发射筒之间的关键位置表面由于空气脉动产生的脉动压力参数;ICP脉动压力传感器工作时需要恒流源供电,同时其输出信号不能满足大多数模数转换芯片对于输入电压的要求,针对以上问题,提出了一种基于新型ICP脉动压力传感器的信号调理电路,并详细介绍了电源电路、脉动压力信号调理电路等模块的设计原理和方法;测试结果表明该设计能够满足新型ICP脉动压力传感器3.4 mA恒流源供电需求,并且能准确地将其输出电压信号调理为0.366~2.13 V,符合AD7667转换范围要求,同时能有效地滤除信号中混入的9.6 kHz以上的高频噪声以及椭圆型高阶低通滤波器自身引入的开关噪声;该信号调理电路可靠性高,已经成功应用于飞行器地面发射试验中。     

基于PTG502-CAN的锅炉管道异常压力检测系统设计

针对传统系统对火力发电厂蒸汽管道的异常压力检测准确性不高的难题;设计并实现了基于CAN分布式网络与压力传感器PTG502的锅炉蒸汽管道异常压力检测系统;整个系统采用分布式CAN网络控制体系,在锅炉管道的各个关键部位部署压力传感器PTG502对实时压强信号进行采集,检测网络中的所有压力信号经过处理后送入微控制器进行综合分析,微控制器根据设定好的程序算法判断哪些部位的压力异常,并将数据实时送入管道控制中心系统,从而使主控制中心及时采取停止加压、发出声光报警等措施,有效地减少了安全事故的发生;最后进行实验,实验结果表明:设计的系统稳定性强,检测数据的准确性大大提高,满足实际需求。     

天幕立靶探测光幕响应时间一致性测量方法研究

为验证弹丸穿过天幕立靶时6个光幕响应时间是否一致，以提高测试设备测速精度，提出了一种用于检测天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性的测量方法，设计了一种基于该测量方法的模拟弹丸过幕信号源测试装置。该装置调用存储在ROM中的弹丸轮廓数据，经DA转换控制两路光源间隔亮暗变化一次，用于模拟弹丸依次穿过探测光幕所遮挡的光能量变化。利用信号采集与处理仪同步采集两路输出信号时间间隔，与装置设定时间间隔的差值比较完成测试。测试结果表明:输出两路信号的时间间隔与设定时间间隔间的差值均小于1 μs，满足6个光幕响应时间一致性技术指标要求，该测试装置及测量方法可用于天幕立靶光幕响应时间一致性测量。     

基于边缘解调技术的光纤光栅波登管压力传感器的研制

研制了光纤光栅弹簧管压力传感器,并与双边缘解调技术相结合搭建了基于边缘解调技术的光纤压力传感器检测系统,对传感器和解调器的性能进行了测试,给出了实验结果.压力灵敏度为0.33nm/MPa,解调系统线性拟合度为0.99977,系统压力测量分辨率可达0.01MPa.     

Virtual sensors for active noise control in acoustic-structural coupled enclosures using structural sensing: part II--Optimization of structural sensor placement

The work proposed an optimization approach for structural sensor placement to improve the performance of vibro-acoustic virtual sensor for active noise control applications. The vibro-acoustic virtual sensor was designed to estimate the interior sound pressure of an acoustic-structural coupled enclosure using structural sensors. A spectral-spatial performance metric was proposed, which was used to quantify the averaged structural sensor output energy of a vibro-acoustic system excited by a spatially varying point source. It was shown that (i) the overall virtual sensing error energy was contributed additively by the modal virtual sensing error and the measurement noise energy; (ii) each of the modal virtual sensing error system was contributed by both the modal observability levels for the structural sensing and the target acoustic virtual sensing; and further (iii) the strength of each modal observability level was influenced by the modal coupling and resonance frequencies of the associated uncoupled structural/cavity modes. An optimal design of structural sensor placement was proposed to achieve sufficiently high modal observability levels for certain important panel- and cavity-controlled modes. Numerical analysis on a panel-cavity system demonstrated the importance of structural sensor placement on virtual sensing and active noise control performance, particularly for cavity-controlled modes.     

THE APPLICATION OF BALL-TYPE BALANCERS FOR RADIAL VIBRATION REDUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED OPTIC DISK DRIVES

This study is dedicated to the design of a ball-type balancer system installed on the high-speed disk drive in order to reduce radial vibrations of rotors caused by eccentricities of disk's center of gravity and circular runway of the ball balancer. The ball balancer is a promising candidate due to its low cost and capability to completely eliminate radial vibrations under the conditions that runway eccentricity, damping and friction are not present. A mathematical model was established first for the analysis of the dynamics of a rotor-balancer system. The influence of concerned parameters, e.g., runway eccentricity and rolling resistance, on residual vibrations was then explored through solving the equations for steady state solutions. The results were used to evaluate the performance of balancers in terms of vibration reduction. The design guidelines for minimizing the vibrations by controlling the aforementioned concerned parameters were provided based on the parametric analysis conducted. Finally, experimental study was orchestrated and performed to verify the validity of the mathematical model and demonstrate balancer capability for reduction of radial vibrations.     

光纤微机电系统压力传感器的理论分析和数值模拟

设计了一种基于微机电系统(MEMS)的光纤压力传感器,证明了光纤MEMS压力传感器在工作状态下可以由法布里_珀罗腔的理论模型解释。推导出了在光纤MEMS压力传感器中硅横膈膜的压力与干涉光强的关系表达式,并对光纤MEMS压力传感器的模型进行了数值模拟,初步确定了在传感器的制作过程中各个物理量的取值。其中腔体半径为300μm、腔体深度为1.42μm、硅横膈膜厚度为23μm,为光纤MEMS压力传感器的加工和制作提供了理论基础。     

一种多滤波器组合导航数据融合方法

针对组合导航系统中使用单天线GPS接收机时导致姿态角不易收敛的问题,提出了一种互补滤波器和卡尔曼滤波器相结合的数据融合算法。该方法首先通过MEMS惯性传感器与磁强计设计了一种互补滤波算法。针对载体在变速运动过程中加速度计的倾角测量值有较大误差,影响互补滤波器输出精度的问题,通过GPS接收机和加速度计设计了卡尔曼滤波模型,将卡尔曼滤波器输出速度的微分量反馈给互补滤波器,实现了对互补滤波器中载体运动加速度的补偿。基于以上解算方法,以FPGA为核心处理器设计了组合导航系统并进行了车载实验。实验中,该方法有效补偿了汽车变速过程中的倾角测量误差,证明了该方法的有效性。     

The study of underwater acoustic communication technology based-on the acoustic vector sensor

Underwater acoustic (UWA) communication based on an acoustic vector sensor is studied. The method of joint weighted sound pressure and velocity processing is used in phase modulation high-speed UWA communication system combined with coherent demodulation and adaptive equalization algorithm to demodulate and decode. Whereas the sound intensity could be used instead of pressure for frequency decoding in frequency modulation UWA communication system. The results of theory analysis, simulation calculations and lake trials have shown that either in phase modulation or in frequency modulation UWA communication system, the processing gain can be evidently increased, so that the BER (bit error rate) can be effectively reduced and the telemetry distance can be enlarged by using the acoustic vector sensor.     

New electromagnetic ring balancer for active imbalance compensation of rotating machinery

New electromagnetic ring balancer for active mass imbalance compensation of rotating machinery is proposed in this paper. This type of active balancer maintains the balanced condition of machine by permanent magnets rather than clutch and external energy. Firstly, the imbalance compensation principle is presented, and then the balancer design is completed. For the proposed balancer, the actuation principle and operational process are presented in detail. Based on the finite element stable-state and transient calculations, the reasonable design parameters are obtained to direct the development of balancer prototype machine. The relative experimental tests are completed to validate the balancer design and fabrication. The proposed balancer has a simple structure, a wide range of balance capability, a stable and smooth operational process and a desirable vibration response. This study shows that the machine tool spindle integrated with active balancer indeed has an expected mass imbalance compensation function, and the mass–radius product of 6.03–38.55 g cm can eliminate the vibration of 0.0021–0.1076 gravitational acceleration.     

连续变焦镜头焦距输出结构的设计

根据光学设计中变倍组与补偿组的移动量与系统焦距的关系,设计了一种在变焦距镜头连续变焦时能准确输出焦距值的结构。该结构由蜗轮蜗杆驱动,以直线位移传感器为反馈元件,采用一个连接杆将直线位移传感器与变焦镜组进行固定连接来保证镜组的移动量直接反馈为位移传感器的电压值。与传统的通过齿轮传动将焦距变化反馈到旋转电位器的结构相比,该结构消除了由齿轮传动的空回、凸轮带动钉的间隙以及电位器的误差值等带来的影响。精度分析表明,采用这种高精度的直线位移传感器,加在其上的电压的变化可直接换算成焦距的变化,因此提高了焦距输出的精度。     

Hybrid erbium-doped fiber laser-pressure sensor utilizing ring cavity

This paper presents a hybrid erbium-doped fiber laser-pressure sensor system (HEDFL-PS) in a ring cavity configuration. The fiber laser sensor utilized an intracavity Bragg grating as pressure transducer and reflector. The HEDFL-PS can be used as a single wavelength high power laser or a high pressure sensor. The HEDFL-PS was tested using a shock tube facility and was able to measure up to 10 bar of static pressure. The sensor system shows solid linear response with sensitivity of 0.125 nm/bar and is stable over 30 min with negligible variation in output power and wavelength.     

Improvement of measurement range of optical fiber displacement sensor based on neutral network

By studying the output characteristics of random type optical fiber displacement sensor and semicircular type optical fiber displacement sensor, a sensor of new structure was designed. Using the ratio of the two output signals as the output of the whole system, the measurement range was enlarged, the linearity was improved, and the errors of reflective and absorbent changing in target surface are automatically compensated. Meantime, an optical fiber sensor model of correcting static error and linearizing the output curve based on BP artificial neural network was set up. The intrinsic errors such as fluctuations in the light, circuit excursion, the intensity losses in the fiber lines and the additional losses in the receiving fiber caused by bends were eliminated. By discussing in theory and experiment, the error of nonlinear is 2.9%, the measurement range reaches to 3.0 mm and the relative accuracy is 2%. This kind of sensor offers such advantages as no electromagnetic interference, simple construction, high sensitivity, good accuracy and stability.     

Nonlinear empirical mode predictive drift extraction on fiber optical gyroscope

The integration drift of inertial unit is a fatal error on navigation and attitude determination system. Many approaches have been developed to extract and eliminate it. A novel fiber optical gyroscope drift extraction algorithm was proposed in this paper to ameliorate the performance of fiber optical gyroscope by extracting the trend component as the compensation. In this algorithm, the attitude quaternion of stellar sensor and the output of fiber optical gyroscope were imported into a nonlinear empirical mode predictive algorithm to extract the drift component of gyroscope. Combing the advantages of predictive filter and empirical mode decomposition in nonlinear signal processing, our proposal is more precise in drift extraction and data approximation. Software simulation and hardware verifications on gyroscope were launched, in which the results had proven the capability of the algorithm.