超声调制介质中漫散射光自相关性质研究

研究了超声调制随机介质中漫散射光自相关性质,推导出均匀无限介质中有超声场调制时漫散射光时间自相关函数的表达式,讨论了调制参数、调制幅度及其衰减与超声参数、光散射参数等的关系.用Monte Carlo方法研究了随机介质中隐含异物成像的可行性.结果表明,正常生物组织和病变生物组织的超声调制自相关函数有明显的差别,该方法为光学医学诊断提供了一种新参考 关键词： 自相关 漫散射光 超声调制 光学成像     

长光纤中拉曼光子时间模式的影响因素研究

在有损耗、色散和自相位调制的影响下,通过分段分析法计算了自发拉曼散射光子的二阶相关函数,研究了长光纤中脉冲光泵浦下自发拉曼散射的时间模式特性。研究结果表明：在无色散和自相位调制的情况下,自发拉曼散射光子的二阶相关函数不受泵浦光损耗的影响,仅由泵浦光脉宽和拉曼光子相干时间之间的比值决定,与自发参量下转换光子的二阶相关函数具有相同的表达式;在有色散和自相位调制的情况下,由色散和自相位调制共同引起的泵浦光脉宽变化,以及泵浦光和拉曼光子间色散致走离,使拉曼光子的时间模式发生改变。自发拉曼散射光子的二阶相关函数取决于光纤损耗系数、色散参数和初始泵浦光脉宽等因素,不再与自发参量下的转换光子相同。     

非简并光学参量振荡腔非稳特性研究

根据三模相互作用的半经典运动方程,讨论了参量下转换过程中非简并参量振荡腔的稳定性问题.研究表明:当信号光与闲置光的失谐量不一致时,腔内光场相位出现自调制现象.求出了产生自调制效应的阈值条件.讨论了自调制周期的参量依赖关系,并提出了通过耦合模强度自脉冲观测相位自调制的物理方法. 关键词：     

生物组织的散射相函数及其二阶光学参量的性质

生物组织是一种复杂介质,在许多情况下仅仅用各向异性因子g来描述其散射特性是不够的。由于二阶参量γ是一个与相函数的二阶矩g2有关,并表示与一阶参量g1关系的量,因此用g和γ两个参量能更好地描述组织的光学性质。对几种目前用于描述人体组织的相函数及其二阶参量作了简要讨论,在此基础上研究了相函数的选取对测量参量γ的影响。研究表明γ是一个可测量的组织参量。研究工作对于建立含有相函数高阶矩的漫散射理论,对如何测量生物组织的高阶参量γ,并能够准确测量其它光学参量具有重要理论意义和实际府用价值。     

基于单光纤对模型的光纤束调制函数的建模与仿真

基于单光纤对光强调制特性的函数表达式,建立了双束型光纤束的调制函数,并引入一个虚拟轴间距参量,建立了随机型光纤束的光强调制函数.同时又在视内圈光纤束为单根粗光纤的情况下,建立了同轴I型和同轴型光纤束的光调制函数.在随机型和同轴型光纤束模型的基础上建立了双圈型(DC)和同轴随机型(C-R)光纤束的光调制系数.最后对上述光纤束的调制特性函数进行了计算机仿真实验.     

非线性声参量成像及其在医学诊断中应用

本文介绍了我们对于反射模式非线性参量B／A的成像技术的研究结果，包括：(1)基于二次谐波的非线性参量层析成像(2)基于参量阵差频波的非线性参量层析成像(3)非线性参量的等深度C-扫成像。利用这三种成像方法对多种生物组织，特别对正常和病变的生物组织进行非线性参量成像。结果表明，非线性声参量成像可以比线性声参量更容易地判别生物组织的病理状态，从而展示了它在医学超声诊断中的应用前景。     

漫散射光自相关用于生物介质成象的实验研究

本文用背散射光时间自相关函数研究了随机介质中隐一生物组织时的成象,由相关时间τ_c确定出隐含物体的位置.还研究了生物组织在随机介质内不同深度时自相关函数的性质.     

光注入下外光反馈半导体激光器输出自相关特性研究

基于半导体激光器(SL)受到外部扰动(光反馈和光注入)下的速率方程组,研究了反馈系数、延迟时间、注入强度和频率失谐对半导体激光器输出混沌信号自相关特性的影响.研究表明：上述四个参量对SL输出混沌信号的自相关函数曲线的半高全宽(FWHM)以及边峰抑制比都有影响;通过合理选择各参量,可以使SL输出的混沌信号具有尖锐的自相关函数曲线分布,其FWHM可降到0.02 ns,比已有相关报道提高了一个数量级. 关键词： 半导体激光器 光反馈 光注入 自相关函数     

小斜率近似在粗糙面激光散射BRDF计算中的应用

基于小斜率近似法建立了粗糙面激光散射双向反射分布函数的数学模型,采用该模型计算了粗糙度参量已知的合金铝样片的双向反射分布函数值,计算结果与实测结果吻合良好,验证了模型的正确性.研究了粗糙度参量和样片光学常量对双向反射分布函数的影响,结果表明,粗糙面激光散射的双向反射分布函数与表面高度起伏均方根、自相关长度及样片光学常量相关.当入射波长一定时,高度起伏均方根越大,或者自相关长度越小,粗糙面粗糙度越大,入射激光的漫反射特性越强,双向反射分布函数峰值越小且分布越分散;当粗糙度一定时,样片光学常量对双向反射分布函数影响较大,粗糙面对入射激光复折射率的虚部越大,样片双向反射分布函数的峰值越小,当粗糙度参量增大时,样片光学参量对双向反射分布函数的影响逐步减弱.     

拟威布尔分布密度函数在荧光寿命成像数据分析中的应用

荧光寿命法成像技术(FLIM)是一种非常有效、功能强大且能用来分析复杂生物组织和细胞分子的成像技术。传统的荧光寿命成像的数据分析,按某些具有不同寿命、离散的单参量指数模型来描述荧光衰减过程。在生物组织这样既复杂又不均匀的样品中,虽然多参量指数模型能提供比单参量指数模型对实验数据更好的拟合效果,但是离散多参量的假定往往是随意的。提出了拟威布尔分布密度函数可能是生物荧光分子团衰减动力过程的真实再现,并且通过计算证明,对于某些生化感兴趣的荧光分子团的多槽基面效价测定样品的数据,相对于单参量指数与多参量指数衰减函数有更好的一致性。同时讨论了将该荧光衰减模型应用于荧光寿命成像的前景。     

Auto-correlation Properties of Scattering Light in Ultrasound-modulated Random Media

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Correlation transfer and diffusion of ultrasound-modulated multiply scattered light

We develop a temporal correlation transfer equation (CTE) and a temporal correlation diffusion equation (CDE) for ultrasound-modulated multiply scattered light. These equations can be applied to an optically scattering medium with embedded optically scattering and absorbing objects to calculate the power spectrum of light modulated by a nonuniform ultrasound field. We present an analytical solution based on the CDE and Monte Carlo simulation results for light modulated by a cylinder of ultrasound in an optically scattering slab. We further validate with experimental measurements the numerical calculations for an actual ultrasound field. The CTE and CDE are valid for moderate ultrasound pressures and on a length scale comparable with the optical transport mean-free path. These equations should be applicable to a wide spectrum of conditions for ultrasound-modulated optical tomography of soft biological tissues.     

光子密度波在正常和异常生物组织中传输的模拟研究

本文研究光子密度波在模拟生物组织中传播的变化规律,探讨了在各种条件下光子密度波的特性和引起光子密度波畸变的因素,为实验研究提供了理论基础.     

Auto-correlation Properties of Scattering Light in Ultrasound-modulated Random Media

In this paper, the auto-correlation properties of scattering light in random media modulated by ultrasound were studied. The expression of temporal auto-correlation function of scattering light amplitude in the ultrasound-modulated media was presented. The results show that the auto-correlation function is modulated as the ultrasound is introduced into the media and the modulation amplitude decays with correlation time. The influences of ultrasound amplitude, Brownian diffusion coefficient, scattering and absorption coefficients on auto-correlation function were discussed. The auto-correlation imaging of an object hidden in random media was also studied by the use of Monte Carlo simulations.     

Experimental study of inspection on a metal plate with defect using ultrasound lock-in thermographic technique

The ultrasound lock-in thermographic technique was developed to detect interfacial defects and cracks in a metal plate. Discrete correlation method (DCM), Fourier transformation method (FTM), Short Time Fourier transformation (STF) and Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) algorithms were used to extract the characteristic information of the thermal wave signal generated by ultrasonic wave modulated. It is found that STF and DWT algorithms are available for analyzing the thermal wave signal generated by ultrasonic wave modulated due to higher signal–noise ratio. Experiments were performed to investigate the effect on the amplitude contrast and phase angle contrast by the ultrasound transducer position, initial sonotrode action force and modulation frequency, respectively. Experimental results show that transducer position closed to the defect, higher initial sonotrode action force loaded and optimal modulation frequency selected are help to detect the defects of metal plate using ultrasound lock-in thermographic technique.     

二进制偏移载波调制的零相关窗水声同步技术研究

针对线性调频信号同步相关的旁瓣、m序列扩频同步的序列自噪声和二进制相移键控调制信号在主瓣周围一个码片范围内存在较强烈的旁瓣三个问题,提出了一种基于二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制信号的无干扰窗水声同步方式.利用互补序列的非周期自相关函数之和为零的特殊性质,实现了在主瓣周围一个码片范围外,零相关窗范围内的无干扰窗.使用BOC(1,1)方式对信号进行亚载波调制,以减少主瓣周围一个码片范围内的旁瓣.对单通道信号和双通道信号的零相关窗形式都进行了设计,通过仿真和实验验证了BOC零相关窗方法在水声系统的同步、信道测量和估计中的有效性.     

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography using pulse compression technique

Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography(LFEIT) combines ultrasound stimulation and electromagnetic field detection with the goal of creating a high contrast and high resolution hybrid imaging modality. In this study, pulse compression working together with a linearly frequency modulated ultrasound pulse was investigated in LFEIT. Experiments were done on agar phantoms having the same level of electrical conductivity as soft biological tissues. The results showed that:(i) LFEIT using pulse compression could detect the location of the electrical conductivity variations precisely;(ii)LFEIT using pulse compression could get the same performance of detecting electrical conductivity variations as the traditional LFEIT using high voltage narrow pulse but reduce the peak stimulating power to the transducer by 25.5 dB;(iii)axial resolution of 1 mm could be obtained using modulation frequency bandwidth 2 MHz.     

12C6+束辐照引起的实验猪皮肤急性损伤反应的研究

探讨了正常皮肤对重离子辐照急性损伤反应的耐受性, 为重离子治癌临床应用提供安全性检测的实验依据。实验前10 min, 实验猪肌肉注射复方氯胺酮1.2 mg/kg进行麻醉, 然后在兰州重离子研究装置（HIRFL）辐照终端利用12C6+束照射, 辐照剂量分别为0, 12, 21和27 Gy, 辐照分3次完成, 剂量率约为1.2 Gy/min, Bragg峰区照射, 辐照后每隔7 d对照射野拍照并活检取样, 做HE组织病理学观察。不同剂量12C6+离子束辐照实验猪皮肤后, 皮肤外观反应随辐照剂量增大而加快, 表现为肿胀和色素沉积等; 皮肤组织结构的变化明显, 上皮细胞排列紊乱、 萎缩、 空泡变性; 基本恢复正常所需时间也越长, 且都存在明显的剂量效应关系。结果表明, 辐照剂量范围为0—27 Gy时, 重离子对正常皮肤的辐照是安全的。The tolerance of the normal skin to the acute radiation injury reaction induced by heavy ion beams has been studied experimentally. The experimental pigs were injected with 1.2 mg/kg ketamine in 10 min before irradiation and were irradiated with 0, 12 , 21 and 27 Gy 12C6+ ion at a dose rate of 1.2 Gy/min at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou（HIRFL）. The total radiation dose was finished by 3 times at Bragg Peak Region of Heavy Ion Beams.The radiation fields of skin were taken photo and performed biopsy. The contaneous tissues of radiation fields were stained by HE and examined histopatholo gical changes every seven days after irradiation. The results indicated that the cutaneous appearance reaction became more faster with radiation dosage rising and presented with swollen, melanin forming and so on after irradiated by the carbon ions at different dosage. The Pathological examination showed noticeable changes in histological and structural of experimental pigs skin, such as atrophy, vacuolation, denaturation and arranged irregularly in epithelial cells. Furthermore, the time for return to normality became longer with the increasing of radiation dosage. All indexes demonstrated correlation between the does and effects. It is concluded that the irradiation of heavy ion beams to normal skin is security when the radiation dose range is about 0—27 Gy.     

高强度聚焦超声用于肿瘤治疗的研究

高强度聚焦超声（ＨＩＦＵ）能在短时间内使病变组织的温度升至７０℃以上,导致病变组织凝固坏死,是一种具有巨大潜力的、非侵入的、有效的肿瘤治疗手段。本文对ＨＩＦＵ的动物试验、临床应用及治疗装置的研究情况进行了总结,分析了该技术尚存在的问题,最后展望了其应用前景。