基于阳离子表面活性剂缔合微粒共振瑞利散射光谱法测定痕量O_3

以pH 4.0HAC-NaAC缓冲溶液为介质,用硼酸碘化钾溶液(BKI)作为O3吸收剂。O3将I-氧化生成为I2,溶液中过量的I-与I2又可形成I-3,有阳离子表面活性剂(CS)如氯代十六烷基吡啶(CPCl),溴代十四烷基吡啶(TPB),十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB),十四烷基苄基二甲基氯化铵(TDMAC)存在时,CS与I-3形成稳定的(CS-I3)n缔合微粒,在470nm处有一个较强的共振瑞利散射峰(RRS),随着O3浓度的增大,体系中的I-3增多,I-3与CS形成的(CS-I3)n缔合微粒越多,470nm处的RRS强度I增强,O3浓度与其增强值ΔI成线性关系,各体系的线性范围分别为15~50,50~100,5~25,1~50μmol·L-1,回归方程分别为ΔI=8.81c-4.01,ΔI=5.44c-3.11,ΔI=15.39c-1.55,ΔI=16.88c+0.51,检出限分别为4.9,12,2.85,0.56μmol·L-1 O3。实验考察了共存物质的影响,当O3浓度为2.5×10-6 mol·L-1,相对误差在±10%内时,4.0×10-5 mol·L-1 Hg2+,8.7×10-5 mol·L-1 Fe3+,5.0×10-5 mol·L-1 Ca2+,2.5×10-5mol·L-1 Zn2+和Cu2+,2.8×10-6 mol·L-1 Pb2+和Cr3+,4.2×10-5 mol·L-1 Mg2+,Mn2+和Ba2+对体系的测定无干扰。说明该方法具有良好的选择性。选用TDMAC体系检测空气中的O3,结果令人满意。采用激光散射技术研究了(TDMAC-I3)n缔合微粒体系的粒径分布。当通入O3后,过量KI与O3反应形成I-3,I-3与TDMAC反应生成(TDMAC-I3)n缔合微粒,其粒径集中分布在1 106~3 091nm之间。     

罗丹明染料荧光猝灭法测定超痕量辣根过氧化物酶

在HAC-NaAC缓冲液中,辣根过氧化物酶催化H₂O₂氧化KI生成I₂,过量的I-可与I₂结合形成I-₃,而I-₃分别与罗丹明S(RhS), 罗丹明G(Rh6G), 罗丹明B(RhB)和丁基罗丹明B(b-RhB)反应导致四体系在580,580,554和554 nm处的荧光强度降低。在选择条件下,对于RhS,Rh6G,RhB,b-RhB四体系,辣根过氧化物酶的浓度分别在8～6 400,40～4 000,32～3 200,40～6 400 pg·mL-1范围内与其荧光猝灭强度成线性关系,其检出限分别为3.2,3.0,2.4,3.7 pg·mL-1。其中RhS催化体系较好,用于酶联免疫乙肝试剂盒中辣根过氧化物酶活力的测定,结果比较满意。     

罗丹明6G缔合微粒共振散射光谱法测定过氧化氢

在0.020mol.L-1HCl-4.0×10-4mol.L-1KI-1.6×10-5mol.L-1Mo(Ⅵ)介质中,罗丹明6G(RhG)在540nm处有1个荧光峰,在540nm处有1个同步荧光峰。当有H2O2存在时,H2O2与过量的I-反应生成I3-,I3-与RhG形成缔合微粒,在320,400,595nm处产生3个共振散射(RS)峰;而在540nm处荧光峰猝灭。H2O2浓度在0.068~34μg.mL-1范围内与400nm波长处的共振散射光强度呈线性关系。据此建立了一个测定水中H2O2的共振散射光谱分析法。光谱研究结果表明,(RhG-I3)n缔合微粒和界面的形成是导致体系RS增强和荧光猝灭的根本原因。     

催化动力学光度法测定抗癌中草药中痕量硒Ⅰ.溴酸钾—罗丹明B体系

研究了硝酸介质中痕量硒(Ⅳ)催化溴酸钾氧化罗丹明B的褪色反应及动力学条件, 建立了动力学光度法测定痕量硒(Ⅳ)的新方法, 其灵敏度为0.905 μg·L-1, 测定范围0～9.6 μg·L-1。用于测定抗癌中草药中的硒(Ⅳ), 获得了满意的结果。     

吖啶橙-罗丹明6G能量转移荧光猝灭法测定维生素B12

研究了吖啶橙(AO)与罗丹明6G(R6G)间发生能量转移的最佳条件,在pH5·0的Na2HPO4-柠檬酸缓冲溶液,十二烷基苯磺酸钠介质中,AO-R6G间发生有效能量转移,使R6G荧光大大增强。维生素B12(VB12)的加入使AO-R6G体系的荧光猝灭,以此建立了利用AO-R6G能量转移荧光猝灭法测定维生素B12的新方法。在优化的实验条件下,维生素B12工作曲线的线性范围为:0~3·0×10-5mol·L-1;检出限为:4·8×10-7mol·L-1;平行6次测定相对标准偏差为0·51%~0·64%;回收率为98·40%~103·62%。该方法的稳定性好,选择性高,用于维生素B12注射液中维生素B12含量的测定,结果满意。     

痕量葡萄糖的双酶催化荧光分析

在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)催化葡萄糖与溶解氧反应生成H₂O₂;辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)催化H₂O₂氧化过量的KI生成I-₃, I-₃分别与罗丹明S(RhS), 罗丹明6G(Rh6G), 丁基罗丹明B(b-RhB), 罗丹明B(RhB)结合形成缔合物微粒,使得4体系分别在556,556,584和584 nm处的荧光峰强度线性降低。在最佳条件下,葡萄糖的浓度分别在0.083～9.99,0.17～8.33,0. 33～8.33,0. 33～9.99 μmol·L-1范围内与RhS,Rh6G,b-RhB,RhB四体系的荧光猝灭强度呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程、相关系数、检出限分别为ΔF=40.0c+ 3.0,ΔF=23.9c+8.1,ΔF=25.6c+4.2,ΔF=18.4c+ 0.8;0.995 1,0.997 3,0.996 0,0.996 5;0.059,0.17,0.21,0.16 μmol·L-1。RhS催化体系最灵敏、稳定,将其用于人血清中葡萄糖的检测,结果满意。     

微波消解和氢化物发生--电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定煤中痕量硒

基于微波消解和氢化物发生电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 ,实现了对煤中痕量硒的测定。采用硝酸 盐酸 氢氟酸消解体系 ,氢化物发生在 3mol·L-1盐酸介质中进行 ,以硼氢化钠为还原剂 ,浓度为 1%。考察了微波消解条件、预还原条件和干扰的影响。方法准确、快速 ,用该法测定国家标准参考物质的结果与推荐值一致 ,并与艾氏剂灼烧法测定结果一致。硒的检出限为 0 3μg·L-1,RSD小于 5 %。     

土壤和水系沉积物中硒的价态分析方法研究

研究土壤和水系沉积物中硒的价态有助于了解硒（Se）的迁移和转化。目前报道大多只是测定土壤和水系沉积物中部分Se的价态,而如何测定土壤和水系沉积物中全部Se的价态一直是一个难题,难点在于如何将土壤和水系沉积物中的Se消解完全而不改变Se的价态。试验发现6.0 mol·L-1 HCl可以将Se(Ⅵ)还原成Se(Ⅳ);而在室温条件下1.2 mol·L-1 HCl介质中Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)放置48 h,价态保持不变。Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)采用HNO₃+HF+HClO₄进行消解,加热到HClO₄冒白烟时,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的价态保持不变;而土壤和水系沉积物中Se采用HNO₃+HF+HClO₄进行消解,加热到HClO₄蒸干以后,Se(Ⅳ)会被氧化成Se(Ⅵ)。基于以上的研究结果,建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法（HG-AFS）测定土壤和水系沉积物中Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的方法,样品采用HNO₃+HF+HClO₄消解,加热至HClO₄冒白烟后停止加热（避免局部蒸干）,消解后的样品冷却至室温用1.2 mol·L-1 HCl溶解,采用 HG-AFS测定得到样品中Se(Ⅳ)。消解后的样品采用6.0 mol·L-1 HCl 加热溶解,将Se(Ⅵ)全部还原为Se(Ⅳ),采用HG-AFS测定得到样品中总Se,利用差减法得Se(Ⅵ)。测定结果表明土壤和水系沉积物中Se消解完全,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)在分析过程中价态保持不变,Se(Ⅳ)和总Se的检出限分别为4.5和5.1 ng·g-1,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)加标回收率分别为102%～108%和94%～104%。     

微波消解氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定鱼中痕量硒

微波消解氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法 (HG- AFS)测定了鱼中痕量硒。硝酸 -过氧化氢消解样品 ,在3mol· L-1盐酸介质中产生氢化物 ,2 % (W/V) KBH4为还原剂 ,研究了微波消解条件、预还原条件。方法准确快速。用本法测定国家标准物质的结果与推荐值及国标法测定结果相一致     

十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)增强若丹明6G水溶液激光激发荧光谱研究

报道了若丹明6G水溶液添加不同浓度的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)时激光激发染料的变化,发现较低的掺入量导致R6G荧光减弱,适量SDS的加入使荧光增强,在5×10-5 mol·L-1的R6G水溶液中,加入6×10-2 mol·L-1 SDS,荧光增强因子达到3.1。当R6G浓度为1×10-4 mol·L-1时,加入2×10-2 mol·L-1,染料激光阈值显著降低。测量了不同浓度的R6G溶液的吸收光谱及加入不同浓度SDS后的荧光谱,分析了不同SDS加入量下R6G荧光减弱及增强的物理机制。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.