用统一耦合模理论分析光纤光栅耦合器型滤波器的滤波特性

通过在光纤倏逝场间的耦合作用中引入光栅折射率调制扰动,推导出用于分析各种光纤光栅耦合器型滤波器响应特性的统一耦合模方程,并给方程中涉及的参数赋予了明确的物理意义。在此基础上,采用Broyden迭代结合打靶法数值分析了三种光纤光栅耦合器型滤波器的滤波响应特性。分析了相关参数对下话路滤波响应的影响,通过优化参数,可以使光栅辅助耦合器、光栅反射耦合器和光栅破坏耦合器分别达到95%,85%和99%的下话路效率。并实验制作了反射峰值分别达到15和18 dB的光栅辅助耦合和光栅反射耦合器。     

基于光纤光栅辅助耦合的WDM下话路研究

利用光纤光栅的反射特性和光纤耦合器的耦合特性,研究基于光纤光栅辅助耦合波分复用(WDM)下话路器.满足国际电信联盟(ITU-T)建议波长的WDM光信号从耦合器输入端口进入,其中与光栅中心反射波长一致的激光信号从耦合器的下话路端口输出,而其他波长的激光信号从耦合器输出端口输出,实现特定波长信号的下话路.选择中心波长分别为1554.248 nm,1555.859 nm,消光比为57 dB的两路光信号进行试验,光纤光栅的中心反射波长为1555.86 nm,实验结果表明,上述两路光信号分别从不对称光纤耦合器的输出端口和下话路端口输出,且在下话路端口输出光信号的消光比为48 dB.     

SOI基纳米光栅耦合器的结构改进与仿真验证

针对硅基光波导与单模光纤在光耦合过程中存在耦合效率低,对准难度大的问题,提出了一种新型基于绝缘体上硅(SOI)结构的纳米光栅耦合器。运用有限时域差分法探究了纳米光栅耦合器的结构特性,结合光纤准直器的准直原理,系统分析了纳米光栅耦合器的结构模型。研究了入射光波长、入射角度、光栅占空比等因素对光栅耦合效率的影响,得出了基本纳米光栅耦合器的最佳结构参数;在基本耦合光栅结构的基础上进行了改进,增加了后反射器、增透膜和底层介质膜,并运用Optiwave OptiFDTD 8.0软件优化了各部分结构的设计参数,得到了优化的耦合光栅结构。纳米光栅耦合器的耦合效率提高至59.37%,3dB带宽达到65nm。     

基于LiNbO_3的长周期波导光栅可调谐耦合器的设计

设计了一种基于LiNbO_3的长周期波导光栅可调谐耦合器.该耦合器利用长周期光栅的独有特性将输入波导的导模经包层模耦合至输出波导导模.由于LiNbO_3的电光效应,波导光栅芯层与包层的有效折射率随外加电压变化,从而耦合器的谐振波长及耦合效率可由外加电压调谐.分析了光栅周期与耦合器的长度对耦合器带宽和耦合效率调谐范围的影响,以及波导尺寸对谐振波长调谐灵敏度的影响.结果表明光栅周期越短,耦合器长度越长,则耦合器的带宽越窄,耦合效率调谐范围也越大.此外,谐振波长调谐灵敏度随波导宽度的增加而减小,而波导厚度对谐振波长调谐灵敏度的影响可以忽略.对光栅周期为94μm、长度为3.52cm的耦合器进行仿真,结果表明,谐振波长灵敏度为26.2pm/V,3dB带宽可达4.5nm,当外加电压从0变化到200V时,谐振波长变化5.24nm,耦合效率可在1到0.15之间进行调谐.     

基于等效折射率人工剪裁的宽带高效光栅耦合器

利用不同占空比的亚波长结构剪裁光栅槽的等效折射率来改变光栅的衍射特性实现衍射输出光束与单模光纤之间的模式匹配,通过优化埋氧化层厚度和集成底部金反射镜,可以改善光栅耦合器弱的方向性,从而设计出用于SOI波导与光纤之间高效率耦合的光栅耦合器。采用本征模展开方法,模拟了光栅耦合器随剪裁的光栅槽等效折射率变化的相关特性,在SOI波导和单模光纤之间对波长为1550nm的光获得了最高93.1%的耦合效率,3dB带宽为82nm。     

氮化硅片上光栅耦合器的优化和实验

在785 nm激励的拉曼片上传感器结构中，氮化硅片上光栅耦合器的性能直接关系到激励光的耦合效果。首先建立了光栅耦合器的二维、三维结构模型，采用时域有限差分（FDTD）仿真软件对光栅耦合器进行数值分析。以耦合效率为主要性能指标，分析了光源入射角度、光栅常数、光栅高度、填充因子和光栅刻蚀深度各参数的影响。采用电子束光刻法制备了光栅耦合器。最后，对三维全刻蚀聚焦波导光栅耦合器进行了测试。结果表明，二维波导光栅耦合器的性能最好，其耦合效率可达39.64%，三维全刻蚀聚焦波导光栅耦合器在实际测试中的耦合效率能达19.91%。光栅耦合器能有效将光耦合进波导中，在波导传感中具有潜在的应用。     

光纤耦合器的理论、设计及进展

系统总结了光纤耦合器的发展历程,归纳提炼出各个阶段的标志性事件;详细阐述了光纤耦合器的耦合类型、制作方法、性能参数;详细评述了光纤耦合器的理论分析方法;全面分析了X型、星型、光栅型、混合型等各种典型光纤耦合器的基本结构、工作原理及耦合特性;指出并展望了光纤耦合器的发展方向和应用前景。作者率先提出并设计了超长周期光纤光栅耦合器,实验上实现了两个超长周期光纤光栅之间的有效耦合。     

光纤耦合器的理论、设计及进展

系统总结了光纤耦合器的发展历程,归纳提炼出各个阶段的标志性事件;详细阐述了光纤耦合器的耦合类型、制作方法、性能参数;详细评述了光纤耦合器的理论分析方法;全面分析了X型、星型、光栅型、混合型等各种典型光纤耦合器的基本结构、工作原理及耦合特性;指出并展望了光纤耦合器的发展方向和应用前景。作者率先提出并设计了超长周期光纤光栅耦合器,实验上实现了两个超长周期光纤光栅之间的有效耦合。     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

光折变长周期波导光栅耦合器的设计和分析EI北大核心CSCD

为了实现在一种稳定的材料上制作简单的光栅耦合器,提出了在钛扩散铌酸锂波导上制作光折变长周期光栅耦合器的方案。利用有效折射率法和耦合模理论,确定了耦合器的结构参数,包括光栅周期为74.28μm,两波导的分开距离为8μm以及100%耦合情况下光栅的最小长度为2.42 cm。分析了传输光谱,得到3 d B带宽为5.20 nm。模拟结果表明,当光栅长度和偏移距离的容差分别为0.37 cm和0.21 cm时,耦合效率可以达到90%以上。该耦合器有望应用于粗波分复用系统。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.