Poly ∶ DCJTB 为功能层LEC器件的能量传递

在有机发光器件中,掺杂染料分子是改变发光颜色,提高发光性能的有利手段。在掺杂体系中,主体材料向掺杂剂的能量传递是主要的激发态弛豫过程。在LEC器件中,利用掺杂手段改变发光颜色的方法报道很少。研究了以发射绿光(峰值550 nm)的共聚物Poly 中掺杂DCJTB作为功能层的LEC器件的发光特性。器件的结构为ITO/Poly ∶ DCJTB+PEO+LiCF₃SO₃/Al。共聚物的光致发光光谱几乎覆盖了整个DCJTB吸收光谱的范围,满足能量传递的要求。通过光致发光与电致发光光谱的研究,发现掺杂后的薄膜不论是光致发光还是电致发光,都以DCJTB的发射为主,说明二者之间的确存在能量传递。     

Poly[(BEHP-PPV)-co-(MEH-PPV)]:DCJTB为功能层LEC器件的能量传递

在有机发光器件中,掺杂染料分子是改变发光颜色,提高发光性能的有利手段.在掺杂体系中,主体材料向掺杂剂的能量传递是主要的激发态弛豫过程.在LEC器件中,利用掺杂手段改变发光颜色的方法报道很少.研究了以发射绿光(峰值550 nm)的共聚物Poly[(BEHP-PPV)-co-(MEH-PPV)]中掺杂DCJTB作为功能层的LEC器件的发光特性.器件的结构为ITO/Poly[(BEHP-PPV)-co-(MEH-PPV)]∶DCJTB+PEO+LiCF3SO3/Al.共聚物的光致发光光谱几乎覆盖了整个DCJTB吸收光谱的范围,满足能量传递的要求.通过光致发光与电致发光光谱的研究,发现掺杂后的薄膜不论是光致发光还是电致发光,都以DCJTB的发射为主,说明二者之间的确存在能量传递.     

一种新型稀土配合物Tb(m-benzoicacid)3的发光特性的研究

研究了一种新型稀土配合物发光材料 ,对苯甲酸铽Tb(m benzoicacid) 3 的发光特性。以这种材料为掺杂剂 ,聚乙烯咔唑 (PVK)为基质材料制备了薄膜器件。通过对光谱的研究 ,发现在掺杂体系中 ,PVK与Tb(m benzoicacid) 3 之间存在有效的能量传递 ,能量传递效率与铽配合物的掺杂浓度有关 ,随着Tb配合物的掺杂浓度的增加 ,Tb的特征发光在掺杂体系中所占比重也相应增加 ,而PVK的发光相对明显减弱 ,当Tb(m benzoicacid) 3 :PVK的质量比高于 2 0 %时 ,整个体系的发光变为以Tb的发光为主 ,而PVK的发光基本猝灭了。以PVK :Tb(m benzoicacid) 3 掺杂体系为发光层 ,八羟基喹啉铝 (Alq)为电子传输层 ,制备了双层电致发光器件 ,器件的结构为ITO/PVK :Tb(m benzoicacid) 3 /Alq/LiF/Al,该器件的电致发光为三价铽离子的特征发光 ,在 2 1V的电压下 ,亮度可达 311nt。     

掺杂有机电致发光中电压调制变色两种机制的探讨

研究两种掺杂电致发光器件聚乙烯基咔唑（PVK）：Rubrene和Alq3:MN-PPV。通过其光致发光及电致发光特性的研究，发现两种器件的光致发光与电致发光有较大差别。分析认为这是能量传递及电致发光中陷阱对载流子吸引的共同作用使得PVK激子在光致发光和电致发光中的复合速率不同造成的；同时发现对于不同浓度的PVK：Rubrene及Alq3:MN-PPV电致发光随电压增加都发生变色现象，但是它们分别是由两种不同的机制造成的：前者作为染料分子Rubrene，不能形成类似Alq3那样的分相体系，Rubrene发光主要来自PVK的能量传递及陷阱电子对PVK空穴的吸引；后者是由于分相造成载流子在两相中的迁移不平衡。     

电场变化对有机磷光器件中激子形成影响的研究

激子形成区域随电场变化的移动会使得有机电致发光器件(OLEDs)的效率和色度发生改变,从而影响器件的性能。文章首先制备了两种OLED器件,器件1为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/PVK∶Ir(ppy)₃∶DCJTB (100∶2∶1 wt)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq₃(15 nm)/Al,器件2为ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/PVK∶Ir(ppy)₃(100∶2 wt)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq₃(15 nm)/Al,研究了电场强度对单层多掺杂结构器件激子形成的影响。实验发现在多掺杂发光层中,随着电压的增加,Ir(ppy)₃,PVK和DCJTB的发光均增强,PVK和DCJTB发光增强更快。对其发光机制进行分析,认为较高电场下,载流子获得较高能量,更容易形成高能量激子,产生宽禁带材料PVK的发光;另一方面,从能级结构分析DCJTB的带隙较窄, 俘获更多的载流子发光更强。同时,在器件的电致发光(EL)光谱发现在460 nm处一新的发射峰, 发光随着电压的增大相对减弱。为了研究460 nm发光的来源,制备了器件：ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/PVK∶BCP∶Ir(ppy)₃(x∶y∶2 wt)/Alq₃(15 nm)/Al, 改变x, y的比值研究发现,460 nm处的发光依然存在,推测此发光峰应与PVK及BCP之间有关。     

电压调制变色有机电致发光器件中的能量传递

研究了不同掺杂浓度下PVK：Rubrene的光致发光及电致发光的特性。发现掺杂浓度较低的PVK：Rubrene的光致发光与电致发光有较大差别,这是Foerster能量传递及电致发光中陷阱中的电子对空穴的吸引作用使得PVK激子在光致发光和电致发光中的复合速率不同造成的。同时各掺杂浓度在5wt%以下的PVK：Rrbrene发光随电压的增加呈现变色,这是能量传递不完全时,未参与能量传递的PVK激子复合速率随电压升高增大的结果。     

新有机材料的电致发光的研究

采用新合成的有机材料－硅烷衍生物作为发光物质制备了发蓝、绿光的薄膜电致发光器件。其结构为glass/ITO/PVK SiH/Alq/Mg:Ag。分别测量了SCS－SiH,聚乙烯咔唑（PVK）薄膜的光致发光光谱以及器件的电致发光光谱。其中SCS－SiH薄膜的光致发光谱峰位置在496nm,有机器件的电致发光光谱的峰值为500nm。随着驱动电压的增加发光谱峰蓝移,其变化范围为25nm。在电流密度为89mA/cm^2下器件的发光亮度可达810cd/m^2。     

一种新型铽、钆稀土配合物的发光特性

合成了一种新型的铽、钆稀土配合物TbGd(BA)6(bipy)2,把它作为发光材料应用于有机电致发光器件中。为改善稀土配合物的载流子传输能力并避免其在真空蒸发时的热分解,实验中将铽、钆稀土配合物TbGd(BA)6(bipy)2掺入高分子导电聚合物Poly(N-vinycarbazole)(PVK)中,用旋涂的方式制备发光层,并制成电致发光器件。通过测量器件的光致和电致发光光谱,均得到纯正的、明亮的Tb3 离子的绿光发射,四个特征峰分别位于489,545,585,620nm,分别对应着能级5D4→7FJ(J=6,5,4,3)的跃迁。讨论了共混体系的发光特性和能量传递机理。稀土配合物的光致发光是由于外部直接激发及PVK到稀土配合物的能量传递。电致发光有两个途径,PVK到稀土配合物的能量传递及载流子的直接俘获。在双层器件中,发光区域随Alq3厚度变化,尤其是在高电压下,激子复合区域移向Alq3一侧。优化后,多层器件在电压为13V时,达到最高亮度183cd/m2,得到明亮的铽的绿色发光。     

两种铽配合物与PVK混合体系的发光机理研究

研究了稀土配合物Tb(p-MBA)₃phen(样品Ⅰ)和Tb(p-ClBA)₃phen(样品Ⅱ)与导电聚合物材料PVK掺杂体系的光致发光和电致发光特性。发现在样品Ⅰ与PVK混合薄膜的光致发光中,除了三价铽离子的发光外,还能看到明显的PVK的发光;而在电致发光中,PVK的发光完全被抑制,只能看到Tb3+的绿光发射。对样品Ⅱ与PVK的混合发光层,无论其光致发光谱还是电致发光谱,都没有看到410 nm处PVK的发射。进一步测量两种材料的激发光谱,初步探讨了器件的发光机理。样品Ⅰ的发光可能来源于两个方面,一是PVK到稀土配合物的不完全的能量传递,二是由于载流子俘获机理;样品Ⅱ的发光则是由于PVK到稀土配合物的完全的能量传递。     

基于PVK和Alq3混合薄膜的光电性能研究

以PVK:Alq3混合体系作为研究对象,研究了该体系的光学性能以及电学性能.PVK:Alq3混合薄膜的光学性能表明在PVK和Alq3之间存在着能量传递,使得来自于Alq3的发光几乎占据了整个发光光谱.同时,光照下的电流电压曲线表明该体系具有明显的光伏效应.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.