Ku/Ka波段双通带频率选择表面雷达罩设计研究

为了满足现代通信设备多频带及集成化要求,基于耦合机理和谐振机理,在实心半波壁雷达罩和A 夹层雷达罩等效平板基底上设计了一种由容性表面（内嵌谐振单元）-感性表面-容性表面（内嵌谐振单元）-等效基底级联而成的Ku/Ka波段双通带频率选择表面结构. 根据FSS的物理结构建立了等效电路模型,分析了滤波机理,利用全波分析软件计算了两种FSS雷达罩的传输特性. 该结构基于容性表面与感性表面的耦合作用在Ku波段形成具有微型化特性的第一通带,基于两个容性表面内嵌的方环单元谐振在Ka波段形成第二通带,两通带透过率分别为89%,94.7%（实心半波壁FSS雷达罩）、88.2%/93.7%（A夹层FSS雷达罩）,在0°–45°扫描范围内,两通带传输特性稳定. 在半波壁雷达罩的等效平板上制作了Ku/Ka双通带实验样件,利用自由空间法测试其传输特性,在制作误差允许的范围内,测试结果与仿真结果基本一致. 为研究通带间隔较宽的多频FSS 提供了理论和实验依据. 关键词： 雷达罩 频率选择表面(FSS) 双通带     

多频段十字分形频率选择表面

利用分形单元的自相似性将分形结构应用于频率选择表面(FSS)领域使单屏FSS具有多频谐振的特性,在各波段实现简易、多频带通滤波器的设计.以易加工的十字单元为例,经过递归、迭代产生二阶十字分形单元,给出描述单元几何分布的公式;应用周期矩量法结合Floquet定理及阻抗边界条件得到描述FSS表面电流分布的电场积分方程,对FSS传输特性规律进行数值分析,采用遗传算法对分形单元参数进行全局优化得到了在9.2 GHz和29.4 GHz谐振的单屏FSS设计;最后采用成熟的镀膜、光刻工艺制备十字分形FSS样件并在微波暗 关键词： 频率选择表面(FSS) 分形单元 多频段 周期矩量法(PMoM)     

一种新型组合单元频率选择表面

为了实现频率选择表面(FSS)的平顶传输特性.选取矩形栅格和传统圆环的组合图形为基本单元,设计了一种新型组合图形单元的FSS.利用谱域法对这种新型FSS的单屏结构进行理论计算和分析.计算结果表明,这种新型的FSS单屏结构能够给出陡峭边缘和平顶的宽频带传输特性,平顶带宽可达8 GHz;同时能够把相邻很近的信号带分离开从而实现双重通信,例如在X波段和Ku波段的信号,并且对不同入射角度的电磁波保持稳定的双带特性.     

射电天文用太赫兹三通带频率选择表面设计

本文设计一种基于单屏改进型开口谐振环(SRR)的太赫兹频率选择表面(FSS). 改进型 SRR 谐振单元由具有开口缝的金属贴片组成, 开口缝的物理尺寸会影响其阶跃特征阻抗特性. 本文通过对改进型 SRR 单元结构建立LC等效电路模型, 提取等效电路模型参数, 并结合传输线理论, 得到 FSS 的基频计算公式和谐波关系式. 相比于传统均匀 SRR, 本文所提出的改进型 SRR 多频带传输的控制更为灵活. 基于此特点, 设计了一款中心频率依次为 0.46 THz, 0.86 THz和 1.03 THz, 可应用于射电天文的三通带太赫兹 FSS. 采用电磁仿真软件对影响该 FSS 传输特性的关键参数、周期间隔、小型化程度以及入射角敏感性等重要指标进行分析研究. 结果表明, 改进型 SRR 三通带 FSS 在三个通带内的反射系数分别为 -37.6 dB, -13 dB和 -19.6 dB, 在0°–60° 范围内均具有稳定的频率响应特性, 且具有小型化程度高、损耗低等特点. 这种三通带 FSS 在太赫兹频段射电天文方面有潜在的应用价值.     

双带频率选择表面设计

为了实现频率选择表面(FSS)的双带特性,设计了由矩形栅格和三圆环组合单元FSS。对FSS的谱域求解方法进行了详细的描述。采用谱域法分析了不同角度和极化入射波下FSS的频率响应性能。结果表明,所设计的FSS对于不同入射角度和极化电磁波具有稳定的双带、平顶传输及陡峭下降边缘特性。双带特性大致表现为1.8～5.4GHz的阻带和5.4～20.0GHz的通带。阻带谐振频率稳定在3.1GHz左右,而通带在-4dB的平顶传输带宽达14.3GHz以上。其陡峭下降边缘特性表现为S波段信号强烈反射,而其他波段信号通过,从而实现多波段通讯。该结构FSS可应用于卫星通信、雷达罩及其他相关领域。     

一种性能稳定的新单元频率选择表面

通过对十字孔径单元的四个端点添加L形的孔径,给出了一种新单元的频率选择表面(FSS)设计,同时通过拆分,得到了相对应的拆分单元FSS.利用谱域法,对两种FSS结构从理论上进行了分析,在TE波入射时角度变化、大角度入射时极化变化对中心频率的影响以及通带带宽三个方面进行了研究,并采用镀膜和光刻技术制备了两种FSS结构的实验样件,在微波暗室中进行测试,得到的实验曲线与理论仿真曲线基本一致.结果表明：新单元的两种FSS结构的中心频率均能在TE波入射时实现角度稳定性和大角度入射时实现极化稳定性;拆分单元FSS的中心 关键词： 频率选择表面(FSS) 新单元 极化稳定性 角度稳定性     

频率选择表面天线罩研究现状与发展趋势

由于雷达天线系统自身工作的特点, 他必须保证自身雷达波的正常接收和发射, 常用的隐身措施无法简单地在雷达天线隐身中获得应用. 采用频率选择表面 (FSS) 技术与天线罩技术相结合形成FSS天线罩, 可以使天线罩获得频率选择的功能. 即FSS天线罩对雷达的工作频段提供带通的传输特性, 同时改变雷达工作频段以外的雷达散射截面 (RCS) 特性, 可以实现带外隐身. 本文分析了FSS天线罩制备的基本思路, 综述了国内外FSS天线罩在结构设计、制造工艺等方面的研究状况, 并从多频FSS天线罩、智能FSS天线罩、厚屏FSS天线罩、 微型化FSS天线罩以及各技术的组合等方面对FSS天线罩的发展进行了展望. 关键词： 频率选择表面(FSS) 多频FSS天线罩 智能FSS天线罩 厚屏FSS天线罩     

一种圆孔单元厚屏频率选择表面结构的传输特性研究

设计了一种圆孔单元的厚屏频率选择表面(FSS)结构,采用矩量法对该结构的传输特性进行仿真研究.主要研究厚屏FSS在无介质加载条件下,其单元直径、排布周期、电磁波入射角等参数对厚屏FSS传输特性的影响规律.结果发现,厚屏FSS的单元直径、单元间距、入射角对带宽影响较大;而单元直径对中心频率影响不大.     

一种介质-金属加载圆孔单元厚屏频率选择表面

厚屏频率选择表面能较好地改善FSS带宽性能,是实现隐身雷达天线罩的有效手段.为了全面掌握厚屏FSS的传输特性,给FSS的工程应用提供可靠依据,本文设计了一种介质-金属加载圆孔单元的厚屏频率选择表面.采用矩量法对此结构进行分析计算,主要研究了加载金属直径、加载介质厚度、电磁波入射角等几个参数对厚屏FSS传输特性的影响规律.仿真实验结果表明:带宽、中心频率及其透过率都对填充介质直径、加载金属直径、加载介质厚度、电磁波入射角和不同排列方式有不同程度的敏感性,可以通过合理调整加载金属直径及加载介质厚度来获得较宽的通带和较高的透过率.这为实现厚屏FSS在曲面隐身雷达天线罩上的应用提供了一种有价值的借鉴.     

基于蘑菇型结构的双入射超宽带复合媒质材料设计与分析

通过设计一定的单元结构, 可以实现超宽带人工电磁材料. 基于蘑菇型金属结构, 提出了一种同时具有左右手通带无缝结合的超宽带双入射型复合媒质材料结构单元. 该结构由嵌入到介质板的两个反向对称的蘑菇型金属结构组成, 能够同时引发电谐振和磁谐振而得到左手通带. 通过利用CST软件仿真、等效电磁参数提取、折射率计算以及建立等效磁谐振电路模型等方法, 分析验证了该结构的双入射特性和左手特性. 仿真结果表明, 在电磁波垂直于介质板和平行于介质板入射两种情况下, 在X波段均表现出左手通带特性, 并具有1 GHz以上的左手带宽. 当电磁波垂直于介质板入射时, 在7.2 GHz-9.3 GHz频段为右手通带, 在9.3 GHz-11 GHz频段为左手通带; 当电磁波平行于介质板入射时, 在7.0 GHz-9.0 GHz频段为右手通带, 在9.0 GHz-10 GHz频段为左手通带. 在两种情况下分别于9.3 GHz与9.0 GHz处得到了零折射率, 从而构造了一种正-零-负复合媒质材料, 实现了具有3 GHz带宽的双入射超宽带平衡结构.     

Frequency selective surface structure optimized by genetic algorithm

Frequency selective surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional periodic structure which has prominent characteristics of bandpass or bandblock when interacting with electromagnetic waves. In this paper, the thickness, the dielectric constant, the element graph and the arrangement periodicity of an FSS medium are investigated by Genetic Algorithm (GA) when an electromagnetic wave is incident on the FSS at a wide angle, and an optimized FSS structure and transmission characteristics are obtained. The results show that the optimized structure has better stability in relation to incident angle of electromagnetic wave and preserves the stability of centre frequency even at an incident angle as large as 80°, thereby laying the foundation for the application of FSS to curved surfaces at wide angles.     

Dual-band frequency selective surface with quasi-elliptic bandpass response

Based on the substrate integrated waveguide technology,we present a dual-band frequency selective surface(FSS) with a quasi-elliptic bandpass response.The characteristics of the quasi-elliptic bandpass response are realized by shunting two substrate integrated waveguide cavities of different sizes,with the same slots on both sides of the metal surfaces.Four cavities of different sizes and two slots of different sizes are used to design the novel FSS.Every bandpass response with sharp sidebands is induced by two transmission nulls that are generated by the coupling between the slot aperture resonance and the cavity resonance.The simulation results show that such dual-band FSS has the advantages of high selectivity and stable performance at different oblique incident angles.Moreover,it is easy to fabricate.     

一种性能稳定的新Y形单元厚屏频率选择表面

厚屏频率选择表面(FSS) 能克服双层或多层薄屏FSS级联引起的结构复杂和中心频率透过率容易降低的不利影响, 并且在拓展FSS带宽方面具有优势, 这使其在曲面隐身雷达天线罩应用方面有潜在的价值. 但是, 当电磁波以大范围角度入射时, 中心频率可能会随入射角度的变化而漂移, 而且在大角度入射时不易实现极化稳定性. 本文针对此问题, 设计了一种新Y形单元厚屏FSS, 利用模式匹配法对此结构进行分析计算, 并研究TE, TM波入射时角度变化及大角度入射时极化变化对通带带宽、 中心频率及其透过率的影响. 仿真实验结果表明: 新Y形单元厚屏FSS的中心频率在TE, TM波入射时均能实现角度稳定性和大角度入射时的极化稳定性. 这为FSS在曲面隐身雷达天线罩上的应用提供了一种借鉴.     

A novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen frequency selective surface with a stable performance

<正>A thick-screen frequency selective surface(FSS) has not only a broad bandwidth but also the advantages of overcoming the multilayer FSS shortcoming of complex structure and low transmittance of centre frequency due to the cascade of FSSs,and this means it could potentially be applied in a stealth curved streamlined radome.However,there is an unsteadiness of centre frequency in a wide range of incident angles and another unsteadiness of polarization in a big incident angle.In order to solve these problems,in this paper we provide a novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS.The structure is analysed and simulated using the mode matching method and moment method.The centre frequency,the transmittance of centre frequency,and bandwidth of the structure are investigated when some parameters including the polarization at a big incident angle and the incident angles of TE & TM waves are changed. The novel four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS has better transmission properties with a better steadiness of polarization and incident angle independence.The novel structure of the four-legged loaded element thick-screen FSS provides a valuable reference for their application in a stealth curved streamlined radome.     

A dual-band flexible frequency selective surface with miniaturized elements and maximally flat (Butterworth) response

A dual-band flexible frequency selective surface （FSS） with miniaturized elements and maximally flat （Butterworth） response is presented in this paper. It is composed of three metallic layers, which are fabricated on thin flexible polyimide substrates and bonded together using thin bonding films. The overall thickness of the proposed structure is only about 0.3 mm, making it an attractive choice for conformal FSS applications. All the three layers can constitute a miniaturized- element FSS （MEFSS） and produce the first pass-band with miniaturization property, while the up and bottom layers can constitute a symmetric biplanar FSS and produce the second pass-band with maximally fiat （Butterworth） response. The two pass-bands are independent and there is a wide band spacing up to 30 GHz between them. The principles of operation, the simulated results by using the vector modal matching method, and the experimental values of the fabricated prototype are also presented and discussed.     

Frequency selective surface with better polarization-independency for arbitrary incident angle

This paper investigates the frequency-selective property of a planar layer consisting of period arrays both theoretically and experimentally for different polarizations at arbitrary incident angle. The novel element is designed by loading the rectangular microstrip element with L-shaped conducting patch at its two ends. Based on the spectral-domain method, the frequency response including angle effect and polarization effect of the frequency selective surface (FSS) structure are analysed and the plots of the frequency versus transmission coefficient are obtained. As a result of the numerical analysis, it is shown that if the source polarization is changed, polarization-independence of previous FSS design can be achieved only for normal incidence, which limits most FSS applications. But in our proposed structure, the better polarization-independency for arbitrary incident angle can be achieved. It is observed that the simulated result comes very close to the experimental result.     

Dual-band frequency selective surface with large band separation and stable performance

A new technique of designing a dual-band frequency selective surface with large band separation is presented.This technique is based on a delicately designed topology of L-and Ku-band microwave filters.The two band-pass responses are generated by a capacitively-loaded square-loop frequency selective surface and an aperture-coupled frequency selective surface,respectively.A Faraday cage is located between the two frequency selective surface structures to eliminate undesired couplings.Based on this technique,a dual-band frequency selective surface with large band separation is designed,which possesses large band separation,high selectivity,and stable performance under various incident angles and different polarizations.