滚动轴承声信号特征提取和诊断试验研究

为解决振动检测方法不能有效识别低速旋转机械滚动轴承故障问题,利用声发射检测方法,建立了滚动轴承低速声发射信号采集试验装置,对模拟人工缺陷滚动轴承声发射信号进行了采集,进而对滚动轴承声发射信号进行总体平均经验模式分解,结合能量矩及相关系数法综合判断分解后各模态分量的真伪,据此提取出特征信号并做出其局部Hilbert边际谱,最后对滚动轴承各种故障模式进行诊断。试验结果表明该诊断方法能准确识别滚动轴承声发射信号故障频率,依据特征频率及幅值大小可对低速滚动轴承故障进行有效诊断。     

基于仿生特征模式匹配的海洋动物声信号识别*

针对小数据量的海洋动物声信号混合识别,将声信号同态分析过程中的线性频率转换为Mel频率,得到模拟人耳听觉特性的Mel频率倒谱系数作为声信号的特征。按照声信号所属的物种建立特征模板,使用动态时间规整算法对待识别特征进行分类识别,并对特征库和识别算法进行优化。分别提取了6种鱼类、3种虾类、12种鲸类的Mel频率倒谱系数,为每个物种建立特征模板。分3次对3种、5种、6种鱼类进行识别,分别获得了100%、96.25%、94.68%的识别率。对6种鱼类、3种虾类、12种鲸类共21个物种进行混合识别,总识别率由87.56%提升至优化后的88.96%。实验结果表明,基于Mel频率倒谱系数和动态时间规整算法的海洋动物声信号混合识别能够在小数据量时获得较高的识别率,优化后的特征库和识别算法能够提升识别率。     

基于屋顶二值红外传感器网络的人体定位和行为识别系统设计

为了解决个人隐私的保护、受光照条件和障碍物等因素的影响,设计了一种基于屋顶二值红外传感器网络的人体行为识别系统。系统采用STM32芯片和ZigBee协调器建立ZigBee网络。当实验者在安装在屋顶的20个互连的AMN31111红外传感器下面做出一系列行为时,传感器对其进行二值数据采集,ZigBee协调器将数据通过串口发送到PC机上实时动态显示,通过Keil 5系统软件对采集的二值数据以txt文本格式存储。提出了像素值法对人体进行定位和BP神经网络算法在模拟的居家环境中对7种不同人物行为进行识别。实验结果表明：该系统实现了人体多种行为的识别,其识别率为84.7%,4名实验者得到平均识别精度相比固定在居家电器传感器设备要高4.7%左右,并且该系统采集精度高、性能稳定、可靠性高、成本低、功耗低,解决了一些目前人体行为识别监测系统存在的问题。     

基于头发分析的一种模拟诊断方法探讨

用统计模式识别方法研究了头发微量元素 ,应用于筛选或识别病人 ,建立动态诊断指标。以糖尿病病人和鼻咽癌病人的模拟诊断为例 ,结果说明所建立的动态诊断指标有较高的正确识别率。     

基于PVDF的膝关节控制肌群运动信息采集传感器研究

针对膝关节运动过程中控制肌群的运动信息的采集问题,文章设计了多种PVDF压电传感器的悬臂悬臂梁结构,利用传感器采集到的压电信息获取控制肌群的运动信息,并通过软件建模仿真和实验对比测试找到了最优悬臂梁结构设计为圆形简支悬臂梁结构,同时测试了传感器的性能;测试结果显示设计的PVDF压电传感器表现优越,可用于实际的信息采集。     

基于一维卷积神经网络的光纤周界入侵模式识别

针对干涉型分布式光纤传感系统,在通过Mel倒谱系数方法提取扰动信号频域特征进行模式识别的研究基础上,提出了一种基于一维卷积神经网络的光纤入侵模式识别方法。利用还原信号的分级阈值判断并提取入侵信号,有效减少了分帧方法导致的计算时间;构建了基于入侵信号傅里叶变换后的频域信息的一维卷积神经网络,自适应地提取扰动的信号频域特征。搭建了基于直线型Sagnac干涉结构的入侵检测系统,利用大量实验采集的样本数据集对网络进行训练,得到了较好的分类识别结果,测试集的平均识别率达到了96.5%,并对训练后网络的卷积核以及经过卷积核后的入侵信号进行了分析。zscore标准化后,一维卷积神经网络能够识别信号频域中的部分特征,对频率成分复杂的树枝拍打信号识别效果提升较大。     

经验模态分解法在光纤光栅围栏报警系统中的应用

为了解决基于FBG传感器的光纤围栏报警系统中多个FBG传感器在同时受扰时,定位报警信号难的问题,实现对报警信号的有效识别和判断,提出了一种基于经验模态分解（EMD）和小波包特征熵算法的分析方法。利用经验模态分解法对于信号的突变性敏感和有效保留以及其特有的自适应性分解特性,首先对报警信号进行经验模态分解,再结合小波包分解,得到小波包系数提取其信号的能量分布,再做归一化得到信号的能量分布特征向量,进而运用相关性分析实现对报警信号的识别和判断。通过建立实验模型,对采集到的报警信号做了分析,证明了该方法对于解决光纤围栏报警系统中FBG传感器的级联判断报警信号的有效性。     

基于决策树的异常高频心电图识别

运用决策树技术对高频心电图进行分类和识别. 采用Bagging和Boosting方法,分类准确率得到一定程度的提高,从76.3%分别升至79.8%和77.5%. 采用代价敏感决策树,异常心电图的识别率得到明显提高, 达到75.0%,但是分类准确率大幅度下降为53.2%,正常心电图的识别率急剧恶化,从93.2%降为42.7%. 通过实例选择优化训练集,重新构建决策树,分类准确率和异常心电图的识别率均得到明显提高,分别升至84.4%和73.2%. 与BP神经网络、RBF神经网络、支持向量机的分类实验结果相比,基于优化训练集建立的决策树性能最好. 从该树提取相应的诊断规则,可以提高诊断的准确度.     

自适应特征引流管故障智能识别方法

为了实现对高压输电线存在的故障隐患进行自动检测,本文提出了一种自适应特征引流管故障隐患智能识别算法。首先,分析了故障引流子的红外热图像特征,把故障分为两类:明显发热和微弱发热;其次,针对引流管所引起的明显发热,采用改进的Otsu阈值分割法对红外图像进行分割,运用改进的Sobel算子提取轮廓;第三,用种子填充算法分离连通域,通过Thread特征判断是否为故障引流管;最后,进入引流管所引起的微弱小区域发热识别,运用高压输电线平行特征寻找主干线区域,在主干线区域检测Harris角点,通过STWN特征判断是否为故障引流子。实验结果表明,发热隐患的识别率为94.6%,漏检率为2.2%,误识别率为5.5%。     

任意边界板结构的声辐射模态误差传感器的设计

获取声辐射模态伴随系数是基于声辐射模态理论进行主动结构声控制(ASAC)的重要环节。以往PVDF分布式传感器的设计难点是振速展开受边界条件的限制,其设计过程往往是针对特定边界条件展开的。本文在声辐射模态理论和两维分布式传感器的压电方程的基础上,将板表面振速分布用Legendre多项式展开,给出了两维板结构的PVDF传感器形状与边界条件无关的设计方法。这样设计得到的传感器能应用于任意边界条件和任意振速分布的两维板结构,且实时性好,拓宽了其应用范围。本文还分别以固定边界条件板及在该板中任取一小区域两种情况为例,证明了该设计方法的可行性。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.