激光电源中基于EXB841的IGBT驱动电路设计

根据IGBT对驱动电路的各项要求,在采用专用驱动模块EXB841及带有过流保护功能的驱动电路的基础上,设计了简化的IGBT驱动电路,并提出了构建实际驱动电路的注意事项。通过对PWM信号、IGBT动态驱动信号、IGBT开通时驱动信号上升沿、IGBT关断时驱动信号下降沿等波形的实际观测,表明此驱动电路工作正常。该驱动电路已用于某型脉冲固体激光电源中,运行良好,可靠性较高。     

电容应变式压力传感器原理及检测电路设计

论述了电容应变式压力传感器的原理，给出了一种电容应变式压力传感器的电路，并分析了压力大小与电路输出电压之间的关系。     

基于单电子器件的细胞神经网络实现及应用研究

利用单电子晶体管和互补型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管的混合结构所具有的负微分电阻特性实现了细胞神经网络(CNN),设计构成了CNN的细胞体电路、A模板电路和B模板电路,并将构成的CNN用于图像处理应用研究中.仿真结果表明,所设计的硬件电路具有结构简单、功耗低、响应速度快等特点,可用于构成各种规模的CNN,进一步提高集成电路的集成度. 关键词： 单电子晶体管 细胞神经网络 负微分电阻     

两步式放电改善反向开关晶体管开通特性研究

针对大功率半导体开关反向开关晶体管(RSD)由于预充不足造成的非均匀开通缺陷, 在直接预充放电工作电路的基础上, 设计了一种两步式放电工作电路. 根据RSD结构特点理论分析了正常开通所需条件, 并对器件元胞结构进行建模分析, 模型仿真结果表明RSD在窄脉宽预充电流作用下具有更佳的开通性能, 降低了预充阶段基区载流子复合. 两步式放电实验发现第一步放电电流幅值、脉宽对于两步式放电电路的正常工作起决定作用, 而反向预充电流主要作用于RSD第一步放电的正常开通, 降低了预充电路设计难度. 仿真及实验结果均表明两步式放电电路较直接式预充放电电路提高了RSD的均匀开通性能, 这是由于两步式放电显著提高了基区等离子体积累.     

SET-MOS混合结构的细胞神经网络及其应用

基于细胞神经网络（CNN）细胞单元的等效电路及其电学特性模型,利用SET-MOS混合结构反相器实现了模型中的激活函数电路,用耦合电容单元实现CNN细胞的系统模板,构建了SET-MOS CNN细胞硬件电路,并将其应用在图像处理中.仿真结果表明,所设计的CNN硬件电路具有结构简单、功耗低、响应速度快等特点,可用于构成各种规模的CNN电路,进一步满足大规模信号处理的需求及提高集成电路的集成度. 关键词： 单电子晶体管 MOS管 细胞神经网络 图像处理     

电机断相保护电路的两种设计方法

本设计一种断相保护电路。当电路工作正常时，发光二极管闪亮；电路缺相时，发光二极管不亮。同时，继电器触点断开，通过接触器切断电路使电机停止运行。     

近红外传感器在汽车改造技术中的应用研究

利用反射式近红外传感器及语音录放组件,研究了汽车倒车防撞语音提示器。当汽车倒车时,只要距车身后尾一定的距离内有人或物体存在,就会有一部分红外光信号经人或物体反射回来,被与发射管同排安装的光敏接收管收到并转换成同频率的电信号后,由模块内部电路进行放大、解调、整形、比较处理后,在输出端输出控制信号,控制语音录放组件工作,告诉司机车后有人、车后有物体。由于近红外线传感器、语音录放组件均为一体化结构,成本低、接线简单、抗震能力强、测量准确、工作稳定可靠,适合在汽车上安装使用。     

硅基底石墨烯器件的现状及发展趋势

石墨烯是一种由单层碳原子紧密排列而形成的具有蜂窝状结构的二维晶体材料,特殊的结构赋予了其优异的性能,如高载流子迁移率、电导率、热导率、力学强度以及量子反常霍尔效应.由于石墨烯优异的特性,迅速激起了人们对石墨烯研究以及应用的热情.石墨烯沉积或转移到硅片后,其器件构建与集成和传统硅基半导体工艺兼容.基于石墨烯的硅基器件与硅基器件的有机结合,可以大幅度提高半导体器件的综合性能.随着石墨烯制备工艺和转移技术的优化,硅基底石墨烯器件将呈现出潜在的、巨大的实际应用价值.随着器件尺寸的纳米化,器件的发热、能耗等问题成为硅基器件与集成发展面临的瓶颈问题,石墨烯的出现为解决这些问题提供了一种可能的解决方案.本文综述了石墨烯作为场效应晶体管研究的进展,为解决石墨烯带隙为零、影响器件开关比的问题,采用了量子限域法、化学掺杂法、外加电场调节法和引入应力法.在光电器件研究方面,石墨烯可以均匀吸收所有频率的光,其光电性能也受到了广泛的关注,如光电探测器、光电调制器、太阳能电池等.同时,石墨烯作为典型的二维材料,其优越的电学性能以及超高的比表面积,使其作为高灵敏度传感器的研究成为纳米科学研究的前沿和热点领域.     

一种便携式冲击波超压测试系统

针对现在军用和民用对爆破的测量需求,提出了一种基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列FPGA和ICP传感器的便携式冲击波超压测试系统。测试系统主要以FPGA为主控芯片,采用ICP压电传感器,包含信号放大调理电路,AD转换电路,存储器模块以及工作状态显示电路。系统具有光触发、节点互触发和多节点同步触发等多种触发方式,连续重触发功能,以及多次采集时FLASH分块存储功能。系统上位机是以VC++为开发工具设计的软件,用于对数据进行分析、处理和显示。实验结果表明系统工作可靠,操作简便,能够实现对爆破冲击波超压的测试。     

微机在固体膨胀系数测量中的应用

本文介绍一个以8031为核心的单片机通用测温系统，该系统采用热电偶测温元件，由模数转换电路、译码电路、打印显示接口电路、数据存贮器等，构成一个较小的、有一定实用价值的单片机涮温系统。     

基于ARM和nRF905组网的智能家居系统设计

针对家居中电器种类和数目繁多且分散于各室造成控制不便,提出了一种利用nRF905射频模块实现无线通信的智能家居控制系统。系统对射频数据传输协议进行了设计,给出了室内多个微控制器的组网方案。用户通过手机短信或万能遥控器把对家电的控制信号发送至基于ARM平台搭建的主控中心,再由主控中心发送至若干个通信节点或智能插座,万能遥控器通过射频信号实现对家电的近距离遥控,手机通过GSM通信实现对家电的远程遥控。通信节点基于STC89C52RC单片机设计,能够实现对多种红外家电的控制并具备安防报警功能,智能插座则用于控制非遥控家电。实验表明,该系统可使网络中各节点、插座得到有效的控制,数据传输稳定、功能丰富、可扩展性强,具备较高的应用价值。     

Decentralized harmonic active vibration control of a flexible plate using piezoelectric actuator-sensor pairs

We have investigated decentralized active control of periodic panel vibration using multiple pairs combining PZT actuators and PVDF sensors distributed on the panel. By contrast with centralized MIMO controllers used to actively control the vibrations or the sound radiation of extended structures, decentralized control using independent local control loops only requires identification of the diagonal terms in the plant matrix. However, it is difficult to a priori predict the global stability of such decentralized control. In this study, the general situation of noncollocated actuator-sensor pairs was considered. Frequency domain gradient and Newton-Raphson adaptation of decentralized control were analyzed, both in terms of performance and stability conditions. The stability conditions are especially derived in terms of the adaptation coefficient and a control effort weighting coefficient. Simulations and experimental results are presented in the case of a simply supported panel with four PZT-PVDF pairs distributed on it. Decentralized vibration control is shown to be highly dependent on the frequency, but can be as effective as a fully centralized control even when the plant matrix is not diagonal-dominant or is not strictly positive real (not dissipative).     

Turbulent Boundary Layer Control via a Streamwise Travelling Wave Induced by an External Force

Turbulent boundary layer control via a streamwise travelling wave is investigated based on direct numerical simulation of an incompressible turbulent channel flow. The streamwise travelling wave is induced on one side wall of the channel by a spanwise external force, e.g., Lorenz force, which is con~ned in the viscous sublayer. As the control strategy used in this study has never been examined, we pay our attention to its efficiency of drag control. It is revealed that the propagating direction of the travelling wave, i.e., the downstream or upstream propagating direction with respect to the streamwise flow, has an important role on the drag control, leading to a significant drag reduction or enhancement for the parameters considered. The coherent structures of turbulent boundary layer are altered and the underlying mechanisms are analysed. The results obtained provide physical insight into the understanding of turbulent boundary layer control.     

Secondary actuation and error sensing for active acoustic structure

A typical approach to active control of sound radiation or transmission from vibrating structures involves active structural acoustic control (ASAC) and active noise control (ANC), which introduce respectively force input and compacted sound source to apply on or be close to the vibrating structure. However, for the ASAC approach, arrangement for secondary force and error sensor is heavily dependent upon the properties of the primary structure and acoustical space; for the ANC approach, a large number of compacted secondary sources are required. Hence, in this paper, based on distributed secondary sound source and near-field error sensor, active acoustic structure is proposed to construct adaptive or smart structure as a versatile module or element for controlling sound radiation or transmission at low frequencies. First, a theoretical model based on a minimization of the total sound radiation from the primary and secondary panel is established, after which, taking into consideration the relationship between the vibration modes pattern and sound radiation characteristics for secondary panels, optimal arrangement for the secondary panels is examined in detail. Finally, a near-field pressure-based error sensing approach is presented, based on two kinds of object function, and active control of sound radiation is performed.     

Quantum speed limit time of a two-level atom under different quantum feedback control

We investigate the quantum speed limit time(QSLT) of a two-level atom under quantum-jump-based feedback control or homodyne-based feedback control. Our results show that the two different feedback control schemes have different influences on the evolutionary speed. By adjusting the feedback parameters, the quantum-jump-based feedback control can induce speedup of the atomic evolution from an excited state, but the homodyne-based feedback control cannot change the evolutionary speed. Additionally, the QSLT for the whole dynamical process is explored. Under the quantum-jump-based feedback control, the QSLT displays oscillatory behaviors, which implies multiple speed-up and speed-down processes during the evolution. While, the homodyne-based feedback control can accelerate the speed-up process and improve the uniform speed in the uniform evolution process.     

四能级原子系统中电磁感应吸收的相位控制

在以三个电偶极跃迁构成简并N型四能级系统中,利用密度矩阵方程计算了介质对探测场的吸收,研究了激光场拉比相位对吸收的影响.结果表明:介质对探测场的吸收和放大取决于控制场和信号场的拉比相位,且吸收和放大随控制场、信号场的拉比相位改变而作周期性变化,周期为2π;而探测场的拉比相位变化对吸收没有影响.同时,控制场、信号场拉比相位对吸收的影响是相同的,而且拉比相位主要影响原子相干,对原子布居影响不大.     

Hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) for an ultrasound food processing operation

Emerging technologies, such as ultrasound (US), used for food and drink production often cause hazards for product safety. Classical quality control methods are inadequate to control these hazards. Hazard analysis of critical control points (HACCP) is the most secure and cost-effective method for controlling possible product contamination or cross-contamination, due to physical or chemical hazard during production. The following case study on the application of HACCP to an US food-processing operation demonstrates how the hazards at the critical control points of the process are effectively controlled through the implementation of HACCP.     

Artificial multiferroic heterostructures for an electric control of magnetic properties

The control of magnetism by electric fields is an important goal for future low-power spintronics devices. This partly explains the intensified recent interest for magnetoelectric multiferroic materials and heterostructures. The lack of ferro- or ferrimagnetic–ferroelectric materials with large magnetoelectric coupling between the two orders has spurred intensive research on artificial multiferroics combining ferroelectric or piezoelectric materials and ferromagnets. In this paper we review synthetically the potential of thin-film-based heterostructures in which a magnetic film is in contact with a ferroelectric or piezoelectric one to obtain an electric control of magnetic properties. This electric control either results from a strain-induced magnetoelectric coupling, a charge-driven one, or from the modulation of an interfacial exchange-bias interaction.     

参数共振微扰法在Boost变换器混沌控制中的实现及其优化

参数共振微扰法是一种简单的非反馈混沌控制方法，它十分适合非自治系统的混沌控制.研究了这种方法在电流模式控制Boost变换器混沌控制中的应用，并通过对扰动相位进行优化 ，达到最优的混沌控制结果.同时对参数共振微扰法及其优化方法在Boost变换器混沌控制中的作用进行了理论分析，推导并计算了各种电路参数变化对有效的混沌控制所需的扰动的影响. 关键词： Boost变换器 混沌 混沌控制 参数共振微扰法     

Basic concepts of synergetics

The paper presents a brief outline of microscopic as well as of macroscopic synergetics. In microscopic synergetics we start from evolution equations for microscopic variables or densities in which fluctuating forces and control parameters are included. When control parameters are changed, the systems are studied close to instability points. The concepts of order parameters, enslaving, critical fluctuations, and critical slowing down are presented. In macroscopic synergetics unbiased estimates on distribution functions and underlying processes are made based on observed moments or correlation functions. In such a case, a Fokker-Planck equation or a corresponding Langevin equation may be derived.