切换系统Lyapunov指数的算法及应用

Lyapunov指数是判定系统非线性行为的重要工具,然而目前的大多算法并不适用于切换系统.在传统Jacobi法的基础上,提出了一种新算法,可以直接计算得到n维切换系统的n个Lyapunov指数.首先,根据切换面处相邻轨线的动态变化规律,从相空间几何推导出切换面处轨线变化的Jacobi矩阵;然后,对该矩阵进行QR分解,从而利用R的对角线元素实现Lyapunov指数的切换补偿;最后,将新算法应用到平面双螺旋混沌系统、Glass网络和航天器供电系统三个实例中,并将计算结果与Poincaré映射方法的计算结果进行比较,对新算法的有效性进行验证.     

环形加权网络的时空混沌延迟同步

研究了环形加权网络的时空混沌延迟同步问题.以随时间和空间演化均呈现混沌行为的时空混沌系统作为网络的节点,通过环形加权连接使所有节点建立关联.基于线性稳定性定理,通过确定网络的最大Lyapunov指数,得到了实现网络延迟同步的条件.在最大Lyapunov指数小于零的区域内,任取节点之间耦合强度的权重值,均可以使整个网络实现延迟同步.采用具有时空混沌行为的自催化反应扩散系统作为网络节点,仿真模拟验证了该方法的有效性. 关键词： 延迟同步 加权网络 时空混沌 Lyapunov指数     

试用Lyapunov指数探讨气候突变及其前兆信号

Lyapunov 指数是标志一个系统做规则运动还是混沌运动的一个重要物理量.鉴于此, 本文利用Lyapunov指数研究系统的混沌特性, 研究气候的突变.计算结果表明, 定义法求得的Lyapunov指数是一种可靠的突变检测方法, 无论是理想序列还是实际存在突变的序列, 利用该方法都能准确地找出突变位置; 而利用非线性局部Lyapunov指数的可预报期限从理论上佐证了基于临界慢化现象的气候突变前兆信号的可靠性, 通过计算各个时间段的最大Lyapunov指数能够反映系统的内在性质、研究其混沌特性. 研究结果为该方法在实际观测资料中的广泛应用提供了理论基础. 关键词： Lyapunov指数 气候突变 前兆信号     

基于切延迟的椭圆反射腔离散混沌系统及其性能研究

根据椭圆反射腔物理模型， 提出了一种改变系统演化轨道的切延迟操作方法，导出了基于该方法的一类离散混沌映射系 统.实验表明，这类离散混沌系统最大Lyapunov指数恒大于零,状态变量等概率分布且与参 数和初值无关,全域零相关性，切延迟1单位时存在一个稳定不变的方形吸引子，切延迟大于 1单位时走向各态遍历.这类离散混沌系统可以产生两个独立的伪随机序列，其特殊性质和 复杂的动力学行为极具密码学应用价值. 关键词： 混沌 切延迟 Lyapunov指数 TD-ERCS 吸引子     

一个新的三维混沌系统

构造了一个新的三维连续自治混沌系统.该系统含有两个参数、一个反正切函数形式的非线性项.基于线性矩阵不等式方法研究了系统的稳定性.通过理论分析、数值仿真、Lyapunov指数谱、分岔图以及Poincaré截面图分别研究了系统的复杂动力学特性. 关键词： 混沌系统 稳定性 线性矩阵不等式 Lyapunov指数谱     

利用随机相位实现Duffing系统的混沌控制

基于线性随机系统Khasminskii球面坐标变换, 计算了谐和激励中含有随机相位的Duffing 方程的最大Lyapunov指数. 依据平均最大Lyapunov指数符号的变化, 分析随机相位对非线性系统动力学行为的影响.说明随机相位可以产生混沌亦可抑制混沌, 从而可以作为混沌控制的一种方法. 结合对相图、Poincaré截面、时间历程图的分析, 说明上述方法是有效的. 关键词： 随机相位 混沌控制 最大Lyapunov指数 Poincaré截面     

谐和激励与有界噪声作用下具有同宿和异宿轨道的Duffing振子的混沌运动

研究了具有同宿轨道、异宿轨道的双势阱Duffing振子在谐和激励与有界噪声摄动下的混沌运动.基于同宿分叉和异宿分叉，由Melnikov理论推导了系统出现混沌运动的必要条件及出现分形边界的充分条件.结果表明：当Wiener过程的强度参数大于某一临界值时，噪声增大了诱发混沌运动的有界噪声的临界幅值，相应地缩小了参数空间的混沌域，且产生混沌运动的临界幅值随着噪声强度的增大而增大.同时数值计算了最大Lyapunov指数，由最大Lyapunov指数为零从另一角度得到了系统出现混沌运动的有界噪声的临界幅值，发现在Wi 关键词： 混沌 同宿和异宿分叉 随机Melnikov方法 最大Lyapunov指数     

一种具有恒Lyapunov指数谱的混沌系统及其电路仿真

提出了一种新的具有恒Lyapunov指数谱的三维混沌系统,该系统含有六个参数,其中一个方程含有一个非线性乘积项,一个方程含有平方项.通过理论推导、数值仿真、Lyapunov维数、Poincare截面图、Lyapunov指数谱和分岔图研究了系统的动力学特性,并分析了不同参数变化对系统动力学行为的影响,其中,平方项系统参数变化时,系统的Lyapunov指数谱保持恒定,输出信号中的两维信号的幅值与参数呈幂函数关系变化,其指数为－1/2,第三维信号的幅值保持在同样的数值区间.最后,设计了该混沌系统的硬件电路并运用Multisim软件对该电路进行仿真实验,证实了该混沌系统的可实现性. 关键词： 混沌系统 恒Lyapunov指数谱 Poincare截面图 混沌电路     

只有一个非线性项的超混沌系统

构造了只包含一个非线性项的四维超混沌系统,得到了系统的Lyapunov指数谱、周期轨道、拟周期轨道、混沌和超混沌吸引子.给出了此超混沌系统的电路实现原理图,利用EWB仿真得到了与数值仿真完全相符的动力学行为.同时给出了实现此超混沌系统同步的一种方法,并利用严格数学理论证明了该混沌同步方法.在同步过程中并未删除响应系统的非线性项,理论分析与仿真计算表明同步方法的有效性. 关键词： 四维超混沌系统 非线性项 Lyapunov指数谱     

三种方法实现超混沌Chen系统的反同步

以超混沌Chen系统为例研究了反同步的三种方法——主动控制法、全局控制法和变量替换法.通过Lyapunov稳定性理论及最大Lyapunov指数计算给出了相应的证明，其中变量替换法可以传递单路信号实现混沌系统的反同步，比以往所用方法有更高的实用价值.通过数值仿真，验证了方法的有效性. 关键词： 主动控制 全局控制 变量替换 反同步     

Spatiotemporal chaos and noise

Low-dimensional chaotic dynamical systems can exhibit many characteristic properties of stochastic systems, such as broad Fourier spectra. They are distinguishable from stochastic processes through finite values for their dimension, Lyapunov exponents, and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy. We discuss how these characteristic observables are modified in spatiotemporal chaotic systems like. coupled map lattices. We analyze with the help of Lyapunov concepts how the stochastic limit is approached and how these properties can be observed directly through local dimension measurements from reconstructed time series. Finally, we discuss the interaction of spatiotemporal attractors with external noise and possible connections to problems of pattern selection and stability.     

The structure of a Lyapunov spectrum can be determined locally

One of the most important results of dynamical systems theory is the possibility to determine dynamical invariants by virtue of a long-term integration. In particular, this applies to the set of Lyapunov exponents of systems with chaotic solutions. However, we demonstrate that the structure of a Lyapunov spectrum, i.e., the signs of the (nonzero) exponents, is accessible already if the local flow is known within some small (in principle infinitesimal) time interval. We present various examples, including one in an embedding space, and discuss possible applications.     

级联混沌及其动力学特性研究

初值敏感性是混沌的本质,混沌的随机性来源于其对初始条件的高度敏感性,而Lyapunov指数又是这种初值敏感性的一种度量.本文的研究发现,混沌系统的级联可明显提高级联混沌的Lyapunov指数,改善其动力学特性.因此,本文研究了混沌系统的级联和级联混沌对动力学特性的影响,提出了混沌系统级联的定义及条件,从理论上证明了级联混沌的Lyapunov指数为各个级联子系统Lyapunov指数之和;适当的级联可增加系统参数、扩展混沌映射和满映射的参数区间,由此可提高混沌映射的初值敏感性和混沌伪随机序列的安全性.以Logistic映射、Cubic映射和Tent映射为例,研究了Logistic-Logistic级联、Logistic-Cubic级联和Logistic-Tent级联的动力学特性,验证了级联混沌动力学性能的改善.级联混沌可作为伪随机数发生器的随机信号源,用以产生初值敏感性更高、安全性更好的伪随机序列.     

采用振幅耦合方法研究多旋转中心混沌振子的相同步

为了找到具有多个旋转中心的混沌系统的相同步与其动力学拓朴变化之间的对应关系，采用线性振幅线性耦合方法，研究了Lorenz系统和Duffing系统的相同步，首先对Lorenz系统和Duffing系统分别进行极坐标变换，在线性振幅耦合基础上计算了两个系统的平均旋转数和Lyapunov指数，发现，随耦合强度的增大，系统相同步与系统的Lyapunov指数跃变存在一一对应的关系，这表明具有多个旋转中心的混沌系统的相同步与系统动力学拓朴变化也存在着对应关系. 关键词： Lyapunov指数 振幅耦合 相同步     

A novel four-wing non-equilibrium chaotic system and its circuit implementation

In this paper, we construct a novel, 4D smooth autonomous system. Compared to the existing chaotic systems, the most attractive point is that this system does not display any equilibria, but can still exhibit four-wing chaotic attractors. The proposed system is investigated through numerical simulations and analyses including time phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagram, and Poincaré maps. There is little difference between this chaotic system without equilibria and other chaotic systems with equilibria shown by phase portraits and Lyapunov exponents. But the bifurcation diagram shows that the chaotic systems without equilibria do not have characteristics such as pitchfork bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation etc. which are common to the normal chaotic systems. The Poincaré maps show that this system is a four-wing chaotic system with more complicated dynamics. Moreover, the physical existence of the four-wing chaotic attractor without equilibria is verified by an electronic circuit.     

Synchronizing chaotic systems with positive conditional Lyapunov exponents by using convex combinations of the drive and response systems

We introduce a new method for synchronizing chaotic systems with positive conditional Lyapunov exponents, i.e., systems that do not synchronize in the Pecora-Carroll sense. This method works by considering a convex combination of the drive and response systems as a new driving signal. In this combination, the compoent associated with the response system acts as a chaos suppression method stabilizing the dynamics of the response system. This allows the chaotic component from the drive signal to synchronize both systems. The method is applied to synchronize some connections of the Rössler, Lorenz and van der Pol-Duffing systems that do not synchronize using the Pecora-Carroll scheme.     

Phase resetting effects for robust cycles between chaotic sets

In the presence of symmetries or invariant subspaces, attractors in dynamical systems can become very complicated, owing to the interaction with the invariant subspaces. This gives rise to a number of new phenomena, including that of robust attractors showing chaotic itinerancy. At the simplest level this is an attracting heteroclinic cycle between equilibria, but cycles between more general invariant sets are also possible. In this paper we introduce and discuss an instructive example of an ordinary differential equation where one can observe and analyze robust cycling behavior. By design, we can show that there is a robust cycle between invariant sets that may be chaotic saddles (whose internal dynamics correspond to a R?ssler system), and/or saddle equilibria. For this model, we distinguish between cycling that includes phase resetting connections (where there is only one connecting trajectory) and more general non(phase) resetting cases, where there may be an infinite number (even a continuum) of connections. In the nonresetting case there is a question of connection selection: which connections are observed for typical attracted trajectories? We discuss the instability of this cycling to resonances of Lyapunov exponents and relate this to a conjecture that phase resetting cycles typically lead to stable periodic orbits at instability, whereas more general cases may give rise to "stuck on" cycling. Finally, we discuss how the presence of positive Lyapunov exponents of the chaotic saddle mean that we need to be very careful in interpreting numerical simulations where the return times become long; this can critically influence the simulation of phase resetting and connection selection.     

Modelling of chaotic systems based on modified weighted recurrent least squares support vector machines

Positive Lyapunov exponents cause the errors in modelling of the chaotic time series to grow exponentially. In this paper, we propose the modified version of the support vector machines (SVM) to deal with this problem. Based on recurrent least squares support vector machines (RLS-SVM), we introduce a weighted term to the cost function tocompensate the prediction errors resulting from the positive global Lyapunov exponents. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, we use the power spectrum and dynamic invariants involving the Lyapunov exponents and the correlation dimension as criterions, and then apply our method to the Santa Fe competition time series. The simulation results shows that the proposed method can capture the dynamics of the chaotic time series effectively.     

Cycles homoclinic to chaotic sets; robustness and resonance

For dynamical systems possessing invariant subspaces one can have a robust homoclinic cycle to a chaotic set. If such a cycle is stable, it manifests itself as long periods of quiescent chaotic behaviour interrupted by sudden transient 'bursts'. The time between the transients increases as the trajectory approaches the cycle. This behavior for a cycle connecting symmetrically related chaotic sets has been called 'cycling chaos' by Dellnitz et al. [IEEE Trans. Circ. Sys. I 42, 821-823 (1995)]. We characterise such cycles and their stability by means of normal Lyapunov exponents. We find persistence of states that are not Lyapunov stable but still attracting, and also states that are approximately periodic. For systems possessing a skew-product structure (such as naturally arises in chaotically forced systems) we show that the asymptotic stability and the attractivity of the cycle depends in a crucial way on what we call the footprint of the cycle. This is the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents of the chaotic invariant set in the expanding and contracting directions of the cycle. Numerical simulations and calculations for an example system of a homoclinic cycle parametrically forced by a Rossler attractor are presented; here we observe the creation of nearby chaotic attractors at resonance of transverse Lyapunov exponents. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.     

Non-standard finite-difference time-domain method for solving the Schrödinger equation

The literature on chaos has highlighted several chaotic systems with special features. In this work, a novel chaotic jerk system with non-hyperbolic equilibrium is proposed. The dynamics of this new system is revealed through equilibrium analysis, phase portrait, bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents. In addition, we investigate the time-delay effects on the proposed system. Realisation of such a system is presented to verify its feasibility.