一类调度系统目标函数的两个性质

以参数Dioid为数学工具,建立了一类线性摄动模型与m×n无限缓冲串行生产线状态空间模型.由状态空间模型的输出方程得到目标函数Cmax[ω,a,b]的摄动参数表达式,并证明了它的两个重要性质.     

非均匀节拍生产线缓冲库存设计的结构特性

本文考察具有缓冲库存的随机加工时间的非均匀节拍生产线运行特点，通过对非均匀节拍生产线缓冲库存容量设计的两类模型的分析，综合并总结了缓冲库存容量最优设计的一些结构特性．     

替代产品的动态库存决策与控制

考虑了替代产品的动态库存决策与控制问题,建立了替代产品的多周期动态库存决策与控制模型.得到了目标函数的一些重要性质,给出了系统最优参数的求解算法,利用动态规划方法对系统的库存参数进行了优化求解.     

销售率线性依赖瞬时库存水平的两货栈决策模型

在成熟期的存货影响销售环境下,考虑销售率线性依赖瞬时库存水平,不允许缺货,研究了一类非变质性物品的两货栈库存决策问题.建立了以系统平均总利润最大为目标的决策模型,分析了系统最优库存策略的存在性和唯一性,并给出了求解模型的有效方法.分析结果表明,库存管理者利用租用货栈进行订货决策时,除了要充分考虑企业自身的库存容量外,还取决于自有货栈产品相关参数对库存系统绩效的边际贡献率.     

基于混杂控制方法的生产库存策略的研究

研究了生产库存混杂动态模型的最优控制策略.首先,建立了生产库存系统的混杂动态模型,给出了其性能指标函数包含生产成本和库存成本的最优控制问题.基于参数化方法和古典的最优控制理论,给出了混杂动态最优控制问题的最优性必要条件.最后,利用该混杂最优性条件,得到了生产库存混杂动态控制问题的最优生产和库存策略,验证了结论的有效性.     

考虑返回补偿策略的制造与再制造的最优决策

作为减少成本的一种有效方式,近年来,再制造获得了企业越来越多的关注.对于再制造企业,如何有效地返回产品是一个基本的问题,为此,考虑了一个返回补偿策略,即企业支付给愿意返回产品的消费者一个价格补偿.在这个策略下,回收数量是随机需求的一个比例.研究了一个两周期的库存系统,企业需要在每周期初决策新材料的采购数量以及分配给制造和再制造方式的生产数量.通过建立一个三级随机动态规划模型,给出了制造和再制造混合系统对于已实现需求的最优生产策略,同时证明了每个周期的目标函数对于库存补充数量是凸的,进而证明基本的库存策略仍然是最优的.最后从管理者的角度进行了数值分析.     

一类过程摄动系统的无阻塞鲁棒性

使用参数Dioid模块网络法,把含大量摄动参数的在普通极大代数意义下非线性状态空间模型在参数Dioid意义下线性化,在此基础上研究一类过程摄动系统的无阻塞鲁棒性.给出了有限缓冲串行生产系统在没有缓冲器下无阻塞的充要条件和充分条件.     

随机需求下考虑半成品库存的多周期生产决策优化

为了更好地应对需求的不确定性,在需求实现之前,企业既可以生产成品直接满足需求,亦可生产部分半成品,在观察到实际需求之后短时间内迅速完成剩余生产环节以满足需求。未加工的半成品和未售出的成品可用于满足后续周期的需求。作为一种提高生产灵活性的手段,分阶段生产的方式会产生更高的成本。企业需要在成本和灵活性之间作出权衡,优化生产决策。模型通过动态规划的方法,研究需求不确定情况下考虑半成品库存的多周期生产决策问题,通过分析目标函数以及最优值函数的结构性质,推导出最优的多周期生产策略为修正的目标库存策略,并且分析了不同参数对最优策略的影响。     

考虑合同保质期的快速失效药品的二级供应链库存策略研究

医院药品对保质期和服务水平有非常高的要求,同时,药品的库存空间在医药库存中也有重要影响。首先针对快速失效的医药药品考虑了医药库存的合同保质期以及库存空间约束,同时考虑医院库存以及制造商库存,基于经济订货批量模型和经济生产批量模型建立了二级供应链的医药库存模型,然后用MATLAB软件求解了模型最优解,并对一些重要参数进行了敏感性分析。研究发现,合同保质期对医院订购批量、制造商生产批量和总库存成本有一定的影响,其中对于制造商的生产批量以及医院的库存成本影响较大。如果不考虑合同保质期的约束,将会对总库存成本带来更大损失。     

一类跳扩散需求存贮系统(s,S)库存控制策略研究

考虑的是连续检查库存,需求为一个常时间函数和-个复合Poison跳扩散随机过程的和的存贮系统最优库存控制问题.基于期望折扣成本最小建立了无穷时间区间具有固定订购成本的最优库存模型,确定可采用(s,S)策略进行库存控制,给出了最优(s,S)策略的充要条件--HJB方程Ⅰ、Ⅱ.我们采用"猜测"的方法确定了最优(s,S)策略对应的值函数形式,建立了确定库存参数的最优化模型.     

考虑中间库存缓冲区的多目标设备不完美预防维修策略研究

针对考虑库存缓冲区的多目标设备维修问题,以设备维修能力为约束条件,获得随机故障设备的不完美预防维修策略。首先,利用准更新过程,表示出设备的随机故障次数。其次,结合设备故障次数表达式,以最大设备可用度和最小生产总成本为多目标构建不完美预防维修模型,使用粒子群算法求解,优化设备可用度与生产总成本,获得更新周期内的库存量和预防维修周期两个决策变量的最优值。最后,通过算例分析,验证了多目标不完美预防维修模型的可用性。     

Optimal maintenance of two stochastically deteriorating machines with an intermediate buffer

We consider a manufacturing system in which an input generating installation transfers a raw material to a subsequent production unit. Both machines deteriorate stochastically with usage and may fail. For each machine the deteriorating process is described by some known transition probabilities between different degrees of deterioration. A buffer has been built between the two machines in order to cope with unexpected failures of the installation. A discrete-time Markov decision model is formulated for the optimal preventive maintenance of both machines. The maintenance times are geometrically distributed and the cost structure includes operating costs, storage costs, maintenance costs and costs due to the lost production. It is proved that for fixed buffer content and for fixed deterioration degree of one machine, the average-cost optimal policy initiates a preventive maintenance of the other machine if and only if its degree of deterioration exceeds some critical level. We study, by means of numerical results, the effect of the variation of some parameters on the optimal policy and on the minimum average cost. For the case in which the maintenance times follow continuous distributions, an approximate discrete-time Markov decision model is proposed.     

Contribution of simulation to the optimization of maintenance strategies for a randomly failing production system

This paper compares two strategies for operating a production system composed of two machines working in parallel and a downstream inventory supplying an assembly line. The two machines, which are prone to random failures, undergo preventive and corrective maintenance operations. These operations with a random duration make the machines unavailable. Moreover, during regular subcontracting operations, one of these machines becomes unavailable to supply the downstream inventory. In the first strategy it is assumed that the periodicity of preventive maintenance operations and the production rate of each machine are independent. The second strategy suggests an interaction between the periods of unavailability and the production rates of the two machines in order to minimize production losses during these periods. A simulation model for each strategy is developed so as to be able to compare them and to simultaneously determine the timing of preventive maintenance on each machine considering the total average cost per time unit as the performance criterion. The second strategy is then considered, and a multi-criteria analysis is adopted to reach the best cost-availability compromise.     

两阶段串联可修系统的统计过程控制与机会维修整合研究

针对两阶段串联可修系统,研究统计过程控制(SPC)与机会维修策略整合的问题。首先,考虑系统异常因素和完全故障情形下,根据过程演变分析可能的场景,给出每个场景发生的概率;其次,基于上述场景,分析各种维修行为发生的概率;然后,考虑人力成本、生产率以及停时损失,从成本的角度,根据更新报酬理论构建整合统计过程控制与机会维修策略的成本模型;再次,采用具体实例来比较分析所提出的成本模型与单独的维修策略模型,其结果表明构建的模型在节约成本方面有着明显的优势;最后,运用分式析因设计对模型输入参数进行了敏感性分析。     

Optimal preventive maintenance of a production system with an intermediate buffer

In this paper we consider a model consisting of a deteriorating installation that transfers a raw material to a production unit and a buffer which has been built between the installation and the production unit. The deterioration process of the installation is considered to be nonstationary, i.e. the transition probabilities may depend not only on the working conditions of the installation but on its age as well. The problem of the optimal preventive maintenance of the installation is considered. Under a suitable cost structure it is shown that, for fixed age of the installation and fixed buffer level, the optimal policy is of control-limit type. When the deterioration process is stationary, an efficient Markov decision algorithm operating on the class of control-limit policies is developed. There is strong numerical evidence that the algorithm converges to the optimal policy. Two generalizations of this model are also discussed.     

基于综合重要度的动车组多部件系统机会维修策略研究

针对我国动车组列车现行维修方式,提出基于综合重要度序列的动车组多部件系统机会维修策略,对提高系统可靠度贡献大的关键部件进行准时优先维修。建立部件综合重要度指数计算模型,并依据其对部件维修优先级进行排序。以维修总成本最低为目标计算单部件最优维修周期及时刻,以系统维修总成本最低为目标,以关键部件的维修时刻为系统停机时刻建立考虑重要度的多部件系统机会维修模型。算例选取某型动车组四级修时更换的四部件系统为研究对象,讨论机会维修里程窗的大小及其偏移量对维修效果的影响,对比结果表明,考虑综合重要度的机会维修策略能够在维修费用基本持平的条件下,保证对系统可靠性贡献大的关键部件的可靠性,进而保证系统的整体可靠性。     

Two-stage network constrained robust unit commitment problem

For a current deregulated power system, a large amount of operating reserve is often required to maintain the reliability of the power system using traditional approaches. In this paper, we propose a two-stage robust optimization model to address the network constrained unit commitment problem under uncertainty. In our approach, uncertain problem parameters are assumed to be within a given uncertainty set. We study cases with and without transmission capacity and ramp-rate limits (The latter case was described in Zhang and Guan (2009), for which the analysis part is included in Section 3 in this paper). We also analyze solution schemes to solve each problem that include an exact solution approach and an efficient heuristic approach that provides tight lower and upper bounds for the general network constrained robust unit commitment problem. The final computational experiments on an IEEE 118-bus system verify the effectiveness of our approaches, as compared to the nominal model without considering the uncertainty.     

Supporting maintenance strategies using Markov models

The basic principle of total productive maintenance (TPM) isto reduce and ultimately eliminate breakdowns by pre-emptivemaintenance strategies, which rely on the cooperation of allemployees. When properly applied, TPM can bring about tremendousimprovements in a company's performance. However, recent research,using interviews and questionnaires, suggests that many managersin manufacturing industries in Europe still have to be convincedof the usefulness of TPM. Many more are perhaps unsure of thelosses which can accrue as a consequence of not having an appropriatemaintenance programme implemented in their organizations. Asimple yet powerful Markov model is proposed as a diagnostictool for the manager who wants an effective way of identifyingthe prime costs involved in production line downtimes, and hencethe potential benefits of TPM. The influence of the performanceof a single machine on a line can be investigated. This is vitalinformation for strategic planning of machine replacements,which involve major capital investments. In particular, an approximateanalysis of the benefits of a machine building up a buffer stockis presented, and assessed against the costs involved. The modelhas been implemented as an Excel macro.     

自保护相依多部件系统的预防维修建模及策略优化

自保护技术作为自愈技术的一种,能够使系统在环境或工况条件变化的干扰下以较高可靠性运行。本文构建了一个新的具有相依主要部件和辅助部件的系统可靠性模型,其中主要部件的退化速率与工作中的辅助部件的数量有关。此外,基于定期检测和预防维修策略,本文利用半再生过程技术求解了系统的长期运行平均成本,并以长期运行平均成本最小化为目标给出了系统的最优预防维修策略。最后,以镗刀系统为例,利用所提方法给出了预防更换阈值和检测周期的最优值,以期望为实际维修行为决策提供理论参考。     

A model for the management of a tram fleet

The maintenance of transport vehicles represents an important aspect of the operating costs of a local public transport company (TPL). This work analyses the programmed and repair maintenance procedures of a recently operating tram fleet.By careful technical and economic analysis of data from the machine shops, two models have been developed with the aim of forecasting time and operating costs of maintaining rolling stock, using the parameters of Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM). It is a probabilistic model for the management of breakdowns on the tramline and for the analysis of shop maintenance operations, and a model for the calculation of Life Cycle Cost (LCC). The procedure has been applied to a TPL company obtaining satisfactory results in line with financial budgets and consistent with the purchasing specifications.