基于Vague集的第三方物流客户满意度评价方法研究

首先分析了已有研究中对第三方物流客户满意的评价指标体系,接着将Vague集评价思想引入到该领域中,借助偏差函数确定各个指标的权重,通过正负理想解的定义,确定待评价对象与正负理想解之间的距离,最后借助指标函数的定义得到了各个方案的评价值.研究成果对物流企业改善服务,提高市场竞争力具有一定的促进作用.     

基于最大熵原理的线性组合赋权方法

在被评价对象的指标值与理想值之间的广义距离和充分小的情况下,追求不同赋权方法权重组合系数的信息分配最合理.随着广义距离和不断变小,得到一组不同方法赋权后的组合权重,进而得到了评价结果.本文的特色与创新一是本文得到的权重兼顾了信息分配最合理与指标数据距离理想值的广义距离和最小两个目标.二是提出一个单目标模型求解多目标问题Pareto解集的方法,并根据解集对评价对象进行排序, 增加了排序的可靠性,也为多目标模型求解提供了一种新思路.三是改变了组合赋权系数为近似平均的结果.四是解决了多目标线性加权求解时多个目标组合系数不确定问题.     

基于区间数贴近度的不确定多属性决策模型

针对只有部分权重信息且属性值以区间数形式给出的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于区间数贴近度的决策方法.首先讨论了区间数贴近度的定义和性质;然后给出了解决不确定多属性决策问题的一般步骤.并依据传统的逼近理想解的基本思路,以实际评价值与理想解之间的贴近度最大化为目标建立优化模型,从而得到指标权重.进而计算出每个方案与正理想解的相对贴近度,即可得到所有方案的排序结果.方法能充分利用规范化评价的先验信息,评价结果客观可靠,不具有主观随意性.最后通过实例分析验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

基于中智犹豫模糊语言优先QUALIFLEX方法的绿色供应商选择

针对绿色供应商选择过程中,评价指标数量明显超过可供选择的供应商数量且指标之间存在优序关系等特点,提出了基于中智犹豫模糊语言优先QUALIFLEX方法的绿色供应商选择方法.首先,利用中智犹豫模糊语言表征评价信息和评价权重;其次,构造优先矩阵对指标权重做精确化处理,考虑到决策者对指标的要求和指标之间的优序关系,对指标权重进行修订;然后,提出改进的中智犹豫模糊语言余弦距离测度,在此基础上借助QUALIFLEX方法确定备选供应商的最终排序;最后,利用化学制药企业选择原料供应商的案例验证了所提方法的有效性.     

联系向量距离与灰色关联度结合的理想解法

针对传统理想解法采用欧氏距离计算的缺陷,提出了联系向量距离与灰色关联度结合的理想解法.首先将理想点与负理想点均视为确定不确定系统中相互对立的集合,计算各待决策方案与理想解和负理想解的联系向量距离;然后采用灰色关联度方法计算各待决策方案与理想解和负理想解之间的相似程度;其次通过定义新的综合距离和综合距离贴近度构建联系向量距离与灰色关联度结合的理想解法.该方法在有效地解决传统理想解法缺陷的基础上,还包含了待决策方案在趋势上的差异性,同时综合距离在权重分配上充分考虑了决策者的偏好或者专家意见,使评价结果更加有效.最后采用算例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于ANP与模糊TOPSIS-CRITIC方法的不确定多属性决策模型

随着多属性决策问题的日益流行,处理决策问题的复杂程度也逐渐增加,针对其中权重不确定,难以量化各影响因素主观权重与客观权重以及指标排序不精确的问题,提出了一种将网络层次分析法(ANP)与模糊指标相关性的指标权重确定法(CRITIC)、逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)相结合的不确定多属性决策模型首先,在分别使用ANP方法和CRITIC法确定各影响因素的主观、客观权重的基础上计算指标的综合权重,然后应用模糊TOPSIS方法对备选方案进行贴进度排序最后,通过一个实例将计算结果同其他三种决策方法进行对比分析,验证了所提出的ANP与模糊TOPSIS-CRITIC方法的可靠性和有效性.     

IS/IT项目选择决策的灰色逼近理想解排序法

IS/IT项目选择决策是一个多属性决策问题.针对传统逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)在确定属性权重系数上的缺陷,并考虑到在实际IS/IT项目选择决策过程中部分决策信息的不足,提出了基于灰色TOPSIS改进算法.算法运用区间灰数表达指标权重和指标评价值,定义备择项目与正、负理想解的灰色关联度,依此计算各备则项目的贴近度并实现最终排序.仿真实例验证了该方法的合理和有效性.     

基于综合权重的理想模糊物元多属性决策法及应用

研究了属性指标具有不相容性和模糊性及其指标的权重完全未知的模糊多属性决策问题.分析了目前广泛采用的模糊物元分析法以及仅有主观赋权法或客观赋权法确定其指标权重的缺点.根据物元可拓理论和理想解法的思想,定义了理想模糊物元和负理想模糊物元的概念.利用兼顾主观偏好和客观信息的综合权重赋值法,提出了基于综合权重的理想模糊物元多属性决策方法.该法既能充分利用指标本身所包含的客观信息,又能充分发挥决策者的主观能动性.实例研究结果表明该法能反映出决策方案间的细微差别,能对决策方案的优劣做出更准确有效的评价.     

基于注水原理TOPSIS法的水环境质量评价研究

对水质影响因子权重完全未知的情况,基于注水原理,建立了区间型属性权重的确定模型.通过将水质监测数据和水环境质量评价标准转化为区间数浓度矩阵,运用定义的区间数属性权重优化模型,得到了浑河东陵大桥处13个水质指标影响因子的权重值.定义了一个新的距离公式,利用定义的距离公式,结合欧式距离,得出了各评价等级与正理想解间的贴近度,并根据各评价等级与正理想解间贴近度的大小,得出浑河东陵大桥处水质评价的最可能等级为劣V级.提出的水环境质量评价模型,不仅可以用于水质等级的评价中,对考虑区间数的多属性决策问题,也有一定的借鉴和推广价值.     

基于云模型-灰色关联分析的云平台军民融合创新方案评价研究

为了客观地评价云平台下军民融合创新方案,考虑到各评价指标间的相互影响关系和信息随机性的问题,本文从创新环境、创新管理、创新投入和创新产出四方面分析了影响军民融合创新的关键因素,构建出云平台军民融合创新方案的评价体系,并采用云模型法来表示评价信息以实现定性信息与定量值间的转换。运用熵值法和DEMATEL法来计算上述评价信息的综合权重,同时根据云的距离测度和灰色关联分析法确定了各个融合方案与理想方案的相似度。最后通过实例对不同融合方案进行分析,并将其结果与精确数值方法进行对比,验证了本方法的正确性及有效性,说明此方法可以为决策者选择创新方案提供参考价值,并能为军民融合创新方案的评价提供客观的理论依据。     

Hybrid Multi-attribute Decision Making Method of Electric Coal Procurement in Industry

Electric coal procurement is the basis of electric power production. In this paper, the problem of supplier selection is studied in multi-source procurement of electric coal. Concretely, the index system of supplier selection is presented, including the evaluation attributes of price, quantity, quality, delivery time and the reputation of supplier. Then, the problem of supplier selection is converted into a problem of hybrid multi-attribute decision making, and a projection method based on hybrid technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is presented to rank all suppliers and select winners. Its decision example is also given to implement the presented decision method and to demonstrate its effectiveness and practicality. This paper gives an effective way to the hybrid multi-attribute decision making for multi-source procurement of electric coal under fuzzy uncertain environment.     

Multisourcing suppliers selection in service outsourcing

Multisourcing suppliers selection in service outsourcing involves selecting a supplier portfolio with a reasonable number of suppliers and better performance to cover aspiration levels of criteria. It is a specific weighted matching problem with new challenges. This paper proposes a decision method for solving this problem. In the proposed method, different formats of preference information, including numerical values, interval numbers and linguistic variables, are used to express alternative ratings. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution is extended to aggregate the three formats of preference information. A bi-objective 0–1 linear programming model using the aggregated information is built to select a desired supplier portfolio, in which the objectives of minimization of suppliers number and maximization of supplier performance are involved. To solve this model, we transform it into an equivalent, and then an exact multi-objective branch-and-bound algorithm is developed to obtain Pareto-optimal solutions. In addition, a real case of an insurance company is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method.     

Supply chain scheduling: Sequence coordination

A critical issue in supply chain management is coordinating the decisions made by decision makers at different stages, for example a supplier and one or several manufacturers. We model this issue by assuming that both the supplier and each manufacturer have an ideal schedule, determined by their own costs and constraints. An interchange cost is incurred by the supplier or a manufacturer whenever the relative order of two jobs in its actual schedule is different from that in its ideal schedule. An intermediate storage buffer is available to resequence the jobs between the two stages. We consider the problems of finding an optimal supplier's schedule, an optimal manufacturer's schedule, and optimal schedules for both. The objective functions we consider are the minimization of total interchange cost, and of total interchange plus buffer storage cost. We describe efficient algorithms for all the supplier's and manufacturers’ problems, as well as for a special case of the joint scheduling problem. The running time of these algorithms is polynomial in both the number of jobs and the number of manufacturers. Finally, we identify conditions under which cooperation between the supplier and a manufacturer reduces their total cost.     

Using the Hamming distance to extend TOPSIS in a fuzzy environment

Considering the fact that, in some cases, determining precisely the exact value of attributes is difficult and that their values can be considered as fuzzy data, this paper extends the TOPSIS method for dealing with fuzzy data, and an algorithm for determining the best choice among all possible choices when the data are fuzzy is also presented. In this approach, to identify the fuzzy ideal solution and fuzzy negative ideal solution, one of the Yager indices which is used for ordering fuzzy quantities in [0, 1] is applied. Using Yager’s index leads to a procedure for choosing fuzzy ideal and negative ideal solutions directly from the data for observed alternatives. Then, the Hamming distance is proposed for calculating the distance between two triangular fuzzy numbers. Finally, an application is given, to clarify the main results developed in the paper.     

逆向信息和道德风险下的供应链线性激励契约研究

本文我们利用委托代理理论，研究了供应商和零售商之间的利益博弈．考察了两类不对称信息——逆向信息和道德风险并存下的供应链线性契约．通过把问题归结为一个二层规划问题，求解得到了相关结论：与道德风险下的线性契约[12]相比，两类不对称信息的存在，使得对零售商的激励变得更加复杂．通过数值试验，比较了线性甄别契约和线性混同契约，发现对于作为委托人的供应商而言，甄别契约比汇同契约更有效率．     

Multi-period price promotions in a single-supplier, multi-retailer supply chain under asymmetric demand information

This paper considers a two-stage supply chain in which a supplier serves a set of stores in a retail chain. We consider a two-stage Stackelberg game in which the supplier must set price discounts for each period of a finite planning horizon under uncertainty in retail-store demand. As a mechanism to stimulate sales, the supplier offers periodic off-invoice price discounts to the retail chain. Based on the price discounts offered by the supplier, and after store demand uncertainty is resolved, the retail chain determines individual store order quantities in each period. Because the supplier offers store-specific prices, the retailer may ship inventory between stores, a practice known as diverting. We demonstrate that, despite the resulting bullwhip effect and associated costs, a carefully designed price promotion scheme can improve the supplier’s profit when compared to the case of everyday low pricing (EDLP). We model this problem as a stochastic bilevel optimization problem with a bilinear objective at each level and with linear constraints. We provide an exact solution method based on a Reformulation-Linearization Technique (RLT). In addition, we compare our solution approach with a widely used heuristic and another exact solution method developed by Al-Khayyal (Eur. J. Oper. Res. 60(3):306–314, 1992) in order to benchmark its quality.     

A cooperative inventory policy with deteriorating items for a two-echelon model

A cooperative inventory policy between supplier and buyer is proposed. Unlike other studies, we consider the case of deteriorating items and permit the completed back-order in the problem. We solve the problem without the condition of equal replenishments periods during a specified planning horizon and present a procedure to find the optimal solution. A case is presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. The sensitivity analysis for a cooperation policy between supplier and buyer also are explored.     

销售商出售看跌期权的供应链优化研究

在由一个供应商和一个销售商组成的单期两级供应链中,处于主导地位的销售商以其卖场所具有的销售能力参与供应链合作,并从销售的每一个产品中获取既定收益。同时,销售商还向供应商出售建立在产品销售量保障基础上的看跌期权,以激励供应商参与供应链合作。论文对上述情形的销售商出售看跌期权的供应链合作问题进行了研究,通过建模与优化分析,证明了在销售商提供看跌期权的供应链合作中,供应商存在唯一的最优生产批量和看跌期权采购量,以及销售商存在最优的从每一单位产品销售中获取的既定收益。论文还揭示了销售商提供看跌期权,虽然无法实现供应链协调,但可以实现供应链参与企业所获得的收益与其所承担的风险相匹配。最后,论文论证了在销售商出售看跌期权机制下,供应链存在收益损失较小的理想合作区域。     

煤业集团供应商选择的可拓方法

结合煤业集团的实际，提出了供应商选择的指标体系。应用可拓学的理论与方法，结合熵理论，建立了基于熵权的可拓综合评价模型。由于在该模型中采用了熵权，从而避免了低层次多因素权重确定的主观性；该模型以综合关联度作为评价准则，避免了评价中的主观性。通过将该模型在平顶山煤业集团供应商选择中进行应用，得出了其最佳的供应商。而且评价过程表明，该方法易于操作和使用。