半无爪可迹图的度和条件

可迹图即为一个含有Hamilton路的图.令$N[v]=N(v)\cup\{v\}$, $J(u,v)=\{w\in N(u)\cap N(v):N(w)\subseteq N[u]\cup N[v]\}$.若图中任意距离为2的两点$u,v$满足$J(u,v)\neq \emptyset$,则称该图为半无爪图.令$\sigma_{k}(G)=\min\{\sum_{v\in S}d(v):S$为$G$中含有$k$个点的独立集\},其中$d(v)$表示图$G$中顶点$v$的度.本论文证明了若图$G$为一个阶数为$n$的连通半无爪图,且$\sigma_{3}(G)\geq {n-2}$,则图$G$为可迹图; 文中给出一个图例,说明上述结果中的界是下确界; 此外,我们证明了若图$G$为一个阶数为$n$的连通半无爪图,且$\sigma_{2}(G)\geq \frac{2({n-2})}{3}$,则该图为可迹图.     

$P_m\times K_n$的邻点可区别全色数

设 $G$ 是简单图. 设$f$是一个从$V(G)\cup E(G)$ 到$\{1, 2,\cdots, k\}$的映射. 对每个$v\in V(G)$, 令 $C_f (v)=\{f(v)\}\cup \{f(vw)|w\in V(G), vw\in E(G)\}$. 如果 $f$是$k$-正常全染色, 且对任意$u, v\in V(G), uv\in E(G)$, 有$C_f(u)\ne C_f(v)$, 那么称 $f$ 为图$G$的邻点可区别全染色(简称为$k$-AVDTC).数 $\chi_{at}(G)=\min\{k|G$ 有$k$-AVDTC\}称为图$G$的邻点可区别全色数.本文给出路$P_m$和完全图$K_n$ 的Cartesion积的邻点可区别全色数.     

不含某些子图的k连通图中的k可收缩边

最近Ando等证明了在一个$k$($k\geq 5$ 是一个整数) 连通图 $G$ 中,如果 $\delta(G)\geq k+1$, 并且 $G$ 中既不含 $K^{-}_{5}$,也不含 $5K_{1}+P_{3}$, 则$G$ 中含有一条 $k$ 可收缩边.对此进行了推广,证明了在一个$k$连通图$G$中,如果 $\delta(G)\geq k+1$,并且 $G$ 中既不含$K_{2}+(\lfloor\frac{k-1}{2}\rfloor K_{1}\cup P_{3})$,也不含 $tK_{1}+P_{3}$ ($k,t$都是整数,且$t\geq 3$),则当 $k\geq 4t-7$ 时, $G$ 中含有一条 $k$ 可收缩边.     

关于图中存在不含给定k-因子的[a,b]-因子的度条件

设$1\leq a<b, 0\leq k$是整数. 设$G$是一个含有$k$-因子$Q$且阶为$|G|$的图. 设\delta(G)$表示$G$的最小度, 且$\delta(G)\geq a+k$. 如果$Q$连通, 设$\varepsilon=k$, 否则设$\varepsilon=k+1$.证明:当$b\geq a+\varepsilon-1$时, 如果对$G$的任意两个不相邻的点$x$和$y$都有max$\{d_G(x),d_G(y)\}\geq {\rm max}\{{{a|G|} \over {a+b}},{{(|G|+(a-1)(2a+b+\varepsilon-2))} \over {b+1}}\}+k$, 那么$G$有一个$[a, b]$-因子$F$ 使得 $E(F)\cap E(Q)=\emptyset$. 这个度条件是最佳的, 条件$b\geqa+\varepsilon-1$不能去掉. 进一步,得到图存在含给定$k$-因子的$[a, b]$-因子的度条件.     

平面图和系列平行图的无圈边染色

图$G$的正常边染色称为无圈的, 如果图$G$中不含2-色圈, 图$G$的无圈边色数用$a''(G)$表示, 是使图$G$存在正常无圈边染色所需要的最少颜色数. Alon等人猜想: 对简单图$G$, 有$a''(G)\leq{\Delta(G)+2}$. 设图$G$是围长为$g(G)$的平面图, 本文证明了: 如果$g(G)\geq3$, 则$a''(G)\leq\max\{2\Delta(G)-2,\Delta(G)+22\}$; 如果 $g(G)\geq5$, 则$a''(G)\leq{\Delta(G)+2}$; 如果$g(G)\geq7$, 则$a''(G)\leq{\Delta(G)+1}$; 如果$g(G)\geq16$并且$\Delta(G)\geq3$, 则$a''(G)=\Delta(G)$; 对系列平行图$G$, 有$a''(G)\leq{\Delta(G)+1}$.     

图的邻点强可区别的全染色

设 $G(V, E)$是阶数不小于~3 的简单连通图, $k$ 是自然数, $f$ 是从~$V(G)\cup E(G)$到 ~$\{1, 2, \dots, k\}$ 的映射, 满足: 对任意的 ~$uv\inE(G),f(u)\not= f(v), f(u)\not= f(uv)\not= f(v)$; 对任意的$uv,uw\in E(G)\,(v\neq w), f(uv)\neq f(uw)$; 对任意的$uv\in E(G), C(u)\neq C(v)$, 其中$C(u)=\{f(u)\}\cup \{f(v)|uv\in E(G)\}\cup \{f(uv)|uv\in E(G)\}$, 则称$f$是图$G$ 的一个邻点强可区别的全染色法. 简记作 $k$-AVSDTC, 且称 $ \chi_{\rm ast}(G)=\min\{k\mid G \textrm{ 的所有 }\ k\textrm{-AVSDTC}\} $ 为$G$ 的邻点强可区别的全色数. 得到了圈、完全图、完全二部图、树的邻点强可区别全色数.     

嵌入曲面的特殊图的边染色

设图\,$G$\,是嵌入到欧拉示性数\,$\chi(\Sigma)\geq 0$\,的曲面\,$\Sigma$\,上的图, $\chi'(G)$\,和\,$\Delta(G)$\,分别表示图\,$G$\,的边色数和最大度. 如果\,$\Delta(G)\geq 4$\,且\,$G$\,满足以下条件: (1)\,图$G$中的任意两个三角形$T_1$, $T_2$的距离至少是$2$; (2)\,图\,$G$\,中\,$i$-圈和\,$j$-圈的距离至少是\,$1$, $i,j\in\{3,4\}$; (3)\,图\,$G$\,中没有\,$5$-圈, 则有\,$\Delta(G)=\chi'(G)$.     

关于乘积Sombor指数的极值(分子)树

拓扑指数是一类可以用来预测化合物的物理化学性质的数值不变量, 其并被广泛用于量子化学、分子生物学和其他研究领域. 对于一个顶点集为$V(G)$、边集为$E(G)$的(分子)图$G$, 其Sombor指数定义为$SO(G)=\sum\limits_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d_{G}^{2}(u)+d_{G}^{2}(v)}$, 其中$d_{G}(u)$表示顶点$u$在$G$中的度. 相应地, 乘积Sombor指数定义为$\prod\nolimits_{SO}(G)= \prod\limits_{uv\in E(G)}\sqrt{d_{G}^{2}(u)+d_{G}^{2}(v)}$. 分子树是最大度$\Delta\leq 4$的树. 在本文中, 我们首先确定了乘积Sombor指数最大的分子树, 然后我们确定了乘积Sombor指数的前十三小的(分子)树.     

图$(\bigcup\limits_{i{\in}A}P_i){\bigcup}(\bigcup\limits_{j{\in}B}U_j)$伴随唯一的充要条件

设$h(G; x) =h(G)$和$[G]_h$分别表示图$G$的伴随多项式和伴随等价类. 文中给出了$[G]_h$的一个新应用. 利用$[G]_h$, 给出了图$H{\;}(H \cong G)$伴随唯一的充要条件, 其中$H=(\bigcup_{i{\in}A}P_i){\bigcup}(\bigcup_{j{\in}B}U_j)$, $A \subseteq A^{'}=\{1,2,3,5\} \bigcup \{2n|n \in N, n \geq 3\}$, $B \subseteq B^{'}     

没有K4-图子式的图的邻点可区别全染色

图 $G$ 的邻点可区别全染色是$G$ 的一个正常全染色, 使得每一对相邻顶点有不同的颜色集合. $G$的邻点可区别全色数$\chi''''_{a}(G)$是使得$G$有一个$k$-\!邻点可区别全染色的最小的整数$k$. 本文完整刻画了没有$K_4$-\!图子式的图的邻点可区别全色数. 证明了：如果 $G$是一个满足最大度$\Delta \ge 3$且没有$K_4$-\!图子式的图, 则$\Delta+1\le \chi''''_{a}(G)\le \Delta+2$, 且$\chi''''_{a}(G)=\Delta+2$当且仅当$G$中含有两个相邻最大度点.     

图的邻点可区别全色数的一个上界

Let G = （V, E） be a simple connected graph, and ｜V（G）｜ ≥ 2. Let f be a mapping from V（G） ∪ E（G） to {1,2…, k}. If arbitary uv ∈ E（G）,f（u） ≠ f（v）,f（u） ≠ f（uv）,f（v） ≠ f（uv）; arbitary uv, uw ∈ E（G）（v ≠ w）, f（uv） ≠ f（uw）;arbitary uv ∈ E（G） and u ≠ v, C（u） ≠ C（v）, where
C（u）={f（u）}∪{f（uv）｜uv∈E（G）}.
Then f is called a k-adjacent-vertex-distinguishing-proper-total coloring of the graph G（k-AVDTC of G for short）. The number min{k｜k-AVDTC of G} is called the adjacent vertex-distinguishing total chromatic number and denoted by χat（G）. In this paper we prove that if △（G） is at least a particular constant and δ ≥32√△ln△, then χat（G） ≤ △（G） ＋ 10^26 ＋ 2√△ln△.     

环状硅酸盐图的友好指数集

Let G be a graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A labeling f : V(G) →Z2 induces an edge labeling f*: E(G) → Z2 defined by f*(xy) = f(x) + f(y), for each edge xy ∈ E(G). For i ∈ Z2, let vf(i) = |{v ∈ V(G) : f(v) = i}| and ef(i) = |{e ∈ E(G) : f*(e) =i}|. A labeling f of a graph G is said to be friendly if |vf(0)- vf(1)| ≤ 1. The friendly index set of the graph G, denoted FI(G), is defined as {|ef(0)- ef(1)|: the vertex labeling f is friendly}. This is a generalization of graph cordiality. We investigate the friendly index sets of cyclic silicates CS(n, m).     

完全图的Cantesian积的L(2,1)-圆标定

For positive integers j and k with j ≥ k, an L（j, k）-labeling of a graph G is an assignment of nonnegative integers to V（G） such that the difference between labels of adjacent vertices is at least j, and the difference between labels of vertices that are distance two apart is at least k. The span of an L（j, k）-labeling of a graph G is the difference between the maximum and minimum integers it uses. The λj, k-number of G is the minimum span taken over all L（j, k）-labelings of G. An m-（j, k）-circular labeling of a graph G is a function f ： V（G） →{0, 1, 2,..., m - 1} such that ｜f（u） - f（v）｜m ≥ j if u and v are adjacent; and ｜f（u） - f（v）｜m 〉 k ifu and v are at distance two, where ｜x｜m = min{｜xl｜, m-｜x｜}. The minimum integer m such that there exists an m-（j, k）-circular labeling of G is called the σj,k-number of G and is denoted by σj,k（G）. This paper determines the σ2,1-number of the Cartesian product of any three complete graphs.     

单圈图的极小能量

For a simple graph G, the energy E(G) is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Let Undenote the set of all connected unicyclic graphs with order n, and Ur n= {G ∈ Un| d(x) = r for any vertex x ∈ V(Cl)}, where r ≥ 2 and Cl is the unique cycle in G. Every unicyclic graph in Ur nis said to be a cycle-r-regular graph.In this paper, we completely characterize that C39(2, 2, 2) ο Sn-8is the unique graph having minimal energy in U4 n. Moreover, the graph with minimal energy is uniquely determined in Ur nfor r = 3, 4.     

Halin-图的点强全染色

图G(V,E)的一个k-正常全染色f叫做一个k-点强全染色当且仅当对任意v∈V(G), N[v]中的元素被染不同色,其中N[v]={u|uv∈V(G)}∪{v}．χTvs(G)=min{k|存在图G的k- 点强全染色}叫做图G的点强全色数．对3-连通平面图G(V,E),如果删去面fo边界上的所有点后的图为一个树图,则G(V,E)叫做一个Halin-图．本文确定了最大度不小于6的Halin- 图和一些特殊图的的点强全色数XTvs(G),并提出了如下猜想:设G(V,E)为每一连通分支的阶不小于6的图,则χTvs(G)≤△(G) 2,其中△(G)为图G(V,E)的最大度．     

树的导出匹配覆盖

The induced matching cover number of a graph G without isolated vertices,denoted by imc(G),is the minimum integer k such that G has k induced matchings M1,M2,…,Mk such that,M1∪M2 ∪…∪Mk covers V(G).This paper shows if G is a nontrivial tree,then imc(G) ∈ {△*0(G),△*0(G) + 1,△*0(G)+2},where △*0(G) = max{d0(u) + d0(v) :u,v ∈ V(G),uv ∈ E(G)}.     

几乎无爪图的叶子数较少的生成树

A spanning tree with no more than 3 leaves is called a spanning 3-ended tree.In this paper, we prove that if G is a k-connected(k ≥ 2) almost claw-free graph of order n and σ_(k+3)(G) ≥ n + k + 2, then G contains a spanning 3-ended tree, where σk(G) =min{∑_(v∈S)deg(v) : S is an independent set of G with |S| = k}.     

树的L(3,2,1)-标号问题

An L(3,2,1)-labeling of a graph G is a function f from the vertex set V(G) to the set of all non-negative integers(labels) such that |f(u)-f(v)|≥3 if d(u,v)=1,|f(u)-f(v)≥2 if d(u,v)=2 and |f(u)-f(v)|≥1 if d(u,v)=3.For a non-negative integer k,a k-L(3,2,1)-labeling is an L(3,2,1)-labeling such that no label is greater than k.The L(3,2,1)-labeling number of G,denoted by λ_(3,2,1)(G), is the smallest number k such that G has a k-L(3,2,1)-labeling.In this article,we characterize the L(3,2,1)-labeling numbers of trees with diameter at most 6.