分层网格上奇异摄动问题的一致NIPG分析

本文采用非对称内罚间断有限元方法(以下简称NIPG方法)求解一维对流扩散型奇异摄动问题.理论上证明了采用拉格朗日线性元的NIPG方法在分层网格上至多相差一个关于摄动参数对数因子的拟最优阶的一致收敛性,即在能量范数度量下其误差估计为O((log~2(1/e))/N),其中N为网格剖分中单元个数.数值算例验证了理论分析的正确性.     

A UNIFIED A POSTERIORI ERROR ANALYSIS FOR DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN APPROXIMATIONS OF REACTIVE TRANSPORT EQUATIONS

Four primal discontinuous Galerkin methods are applied to solve reactive transportproblems, namely, Oden-Babuska-Baumann DG (OBB-DG), non-symmetric interior penaltyGalerkin (NIPG), symmetric interior penalty Galerkin (SIPG), and incomplete interiorpenalty Galerkin (IIPG). A unified a posteriori residual-type error estimation is derivedexplicitly for these methods. From the computed solution and given data, explicit esti-mators can be computed efficiently and directly, which can be used as error indicators foradaptation. Unlike in the reference [10], we obtain the error estimators in L~2 (L~2) norm byusing duality techniques instead of in L~2 (H~1) norm.     

基于第三方电子集市的人力资源配置系统的案例检索算法研究

采用改进的欧氏距离的检索算法解决区间特征属性的计算,并在此基础上解决案例模糊属性的相似度度量问题.采用PULL&PUSH调整策略,并主要采用GoodUpMatching(简称GUM)调整方法进行案例权重的调整.文章系统提出了一套案例检索及其权重优化方法.并以第三方电子集市的人力资源配置系统为实例,完成了该检索方法及权重优化方法的有效性和效率对比实验,验证了它的有效性及优化性.     

一类Capillarity系统非平凡解的存在性研究

本文研究了一类capillarity系统解的存在性问题.采用在乘积空间中定义非线性映射的方法,把capillarity系统转化为非线性算子方程.借助于Sobolev嵌入定理等技巧证明非线性映射具有紧性,进而利用非线性映射值域的性质得到非线性算子方程解的存在性的结论.并由此获得在一定条件下capillarity系统在L~(P1)(Ω)×L~(P2)(Ω)×…×L~(PM)(Ω)空间中存在非平凡解的结论,其中Ω为R~N(N≥1)中有界锥形区域且2N/N+1p_i+∞,i=1,2,…,M.本文所研究的问题和所采用的方法推广和补充了以往的相关研究工作.     

基于犹豫模糊层次TOPSIS的可持续平衡计分卡评价方法

可持续平衡计分卡(SBSC)由在应用广泛的平衡计分卡(BSC)基础上融入可持续思想,成为企业乐于采用的一种绩效评价框架.鉴于SBSC指标的层次结构特征以及评价主体价值判断的犹豫和含糊性,文章以犹豫模糊集(HFS)为评价基础信息、以TOPSIS为蓝本,提出一种犹豫模糊层次TOPSIS评价方法.继而,将该方法应用于新能源汽车产业的可持续绩效评价的问题.应用案例加之对比分析验证了所提出方法实用与有效.     

超声速流场中6自由度物体运动的模拟研究

物体在流场中自由运动的模拟有很广泛的应用,文章描述计算6自由度(6DOF)刚体在超声速流场中自由运动的一种方法.流体部分求解LES方程,亚网格模型为拉伸涡模型.激波和刚体边界周围区域采用迎风型WENO格式,湍流区域采用低数值耗散的TCD格式.时间推进采用三阶的SSP R-K法.刚体采用6自由度模型,刚体姿态用四元数来表示,控制方程为常微分方程,采用四阶Runge-Kutta法求解.文章给出若干算例来验证程序的有效性,结果理想.     

基于正弦型光滑打磨函数对0-1规划问题的连续化求解方法

传统的求解0-1规划问题方法大多属于直接离散的解法.现提出一个包含严格转换和近似逼近三个步骤的连续化解法:(1)借助阶跃函数把0-1离散变量转化为[0,1]区间上的连续变量;(2)对目标函数采用逼近折中阶跃函数近光滑打磨函数,约束条件采用线性打磨函数逼近折中阶跃函数,把0-1规划问题由离散问题转化为连续优化模型;(3)利用高阶光滑的解法求解优化模型.该方法打破了特定求解方法仅适用于特定类型0-1规划问题惯例,使求解0-1规划问题的方法更加一般化.在具体求解时,采用正弦型光滑打磨函数来逼近折中阶跃函数,计算效果很好.     

规避风险的多阶段最优库存研究

基于市场需求是随机的,并且在进行市场销售前,就要确定每个阶段的生产数量的背景下,建立了具有规避风险的多阶段库存凸随机规划模型.该模型以最小化损失函数的期望值为目标函数,以规避风险为约束条件,以价值风险(VaR)和条件价值风险(CVaR)为风险度量;采用样本平均近似方法(SAA)求解该模型,并分析样本平均近似方法的收敛性;最后,给出数值结果.     

流线扩散有限元方法在分层网格上的收敛性分析

本文在分层网格上分析了采用线性元的流线扩散有限元方法求解一维对流扩散型奇异摄动问题的一致收敛性.在ε≤N~(-1)的前提下,可以证明在SD范数下的一致误差估计为O(N~(-1)(log 1/ε)~2)在数值算例部分对理论结果进行了验证.     

Gauss白噪声激励下分数阶导数系统的非平稳响应

研究了Gauss(高斯)白噪声激励下具有分数阶导数阻尼的非线性随机动力系统的非平稳响应.应用等价线性化方法将非线性系统转化为等价的线性系统,之后采用随机平均法获得系统响应满足的FPK(Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov)方程,其中分数阶导数近似为一个周期函数.使用Galerkin方法求解FPK方程进而得到系统的近似非平稳响应.数值结果验证了方法的正确性和有效性.     

A two-grid finite element method for the Allen-Cahn equation with the logarithmic potential

In this paper, we present a two-grid finite element method for the Allen-Cahn equation with the logarithmic potential. This method consists of two steps. In the first step, based on a fully implicit finite element method, the Allen-Cahn equation is solved on a coarse grid with mesh size H. In the second step, a linearized system whose nonlinear term is replaced by the value of the first step is solved on a fine grid with mesh size h. We give the energy stabilities of the traditional finite element method and the two-grid finite element method. The optimal convergence order of the two-grid finite element method in H¹ norm is achieved when the mesh sizes satisfy h = O(H²). Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed scheme. The results show that the two-grid method can save the CPU time while keeping the same convergence rate.     

Superconvergence of the direct discontinuous Galerkin method for a time‐fractional initial‐boundary value problem

A time‐fractional reaction–diffusion initial‐boundary value problem with periodic boundary condition is considered on Q ? Ω × [0, T] , where Ω is the interval [0, l] . Typical solutions of such problem have a weak singularity at the initial time t = 0. The numerical method of the paper uses a direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) finite element method in space on a uniform mesh, with piecewise polynomials of degree k ≥ 2 . In the temporal direction we use the L1 approximation of the Caputo derivative on a suitably graded mesh. We prove that at each time level of the mesh, our L1‐DDG solution is superconvergent of order k + 2 in L²(Ω) to a particular projection of the exact solution. Moreover, the L1‐DDG solution achieves superconvergence of order (k + 2) in a discrete L²(Q) norm computed at the Lobatto points, and order (k + 1) superconvergence in a discrete H¹(Q) seminorm at the Gauss points; numerical results show that these estimates are sharp.     

A domain decomposition method for solving the hypersingular integral equation on the sphere with spherical splines

We present an overlapping domain decomposition technique for solving the hypersingular integral equation on the sphere with spherical splines. We prove that the condition number of the additive Schwarz operator is bounded by O(H/δ), where H is the size of the coarse mesh and δ is the overlap size, which is chosen to be proportional to the size of the fine mesh. In the case that the degree of the splines is even, a better bound O(1 + log²(H/δ)) is proved. The method is illustrated by numerical experiments on different point sets including those taken from magsat satellite data.     

A uniformly convergent B-spline collocation method on a nonuniform mesh for singularly perturbed one-dimensional time-dependent linear convection–diffusion problem

A numerical method is proposed for solving singularly perturbed one-dimensional parabolic convection–diffusion problems. The method comprises a standard implicit finite difference scheme to discretize in temporal direction on a uniform mesh by means of Rothe's method and B-spline collocation method in spatial direction on a piecewise uniform mesh of Shishkin type. The method is shown to be unconditionally stable and accurate of order O((Δx)²+Δt). An extensive amount of analysis has been carried out to prove the uniform convergence with respect to the singular perturbation parameter. Several numerical experiments have been carried out in support of the theoretical results. Comparisons of the numerical solutions are performed with an upwind finite difference scheme on a piecewise uniform mesh and exponentially fitted method on a uniform mesh to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.     

The finite element method with non-uniform mesh sizes applied to the exterior Helmholtz problem

Summary The finite element method with non-uniform mesh sizes is employed to approximately solve Helmholtz type equations in unbounded domains. The given problem on an unbounded domain is replaced by an approximate problem on a bounded domain with the radiation condition replaced by an approximate radiation boundary condition on the artificial boundary. This approximate problem is then solved using the finite element method with the mesh graded systematically in such a way that the element mesh sizes are increased as the distance from the origin increases. This results in a great reduction in the number of equations to be solved. It is proved that optimal error estimates hold inL ²,H ¹ andL , provided that certain relationships hold between the frequency, mesh size and outer radius.     

A simpler analysis of a hybrid numerical method for time-dependent convection-diffusion problems

A finite difference method for a time-dependent convection-diffusion problem in one space dimension is constructed using a Shishkin mesh. In two recent papers (Clavero et al. (2005) [2] and Mukherjee and Natesan (2009) [3]), this method has been shown to be convergent, uniformly in the small diffusion parameter, using somewhat elaborate analytical techniques and under a certain mesh restriction. In the present paper, a much simpler argument is used to prove a higher order of convergence (uniformly in the diffusion parameter) than in [2] and [3] and under a slightly less restrictive condition on the mesh.     

A parameter-uniform numerical method for time-dependent singularly perturbed differential-difference equations

A numerical study is made for solving a class of time-dependent singularly perturbed convection–diffusion problems with retarded terms which often arise in computational neuroscience. To approximate the retarded terms, a Taylor’s series expansion has been used and the resulting time-dependent singularly perturbed differential equation is approximated using parameter-uniform numerical methods comprised of a standard implicit finite difference scheme to discretize in the temporal direction on a uniform mesh by means of Rothe’s method and a B-spline collocation method in the spatial direction on a piecewise-uniform mesh of Shishkin type. The method is shown to be accurate of order O(M⁻¹ + N⁻² ln³N), where M and N are the number of mesh points used in the temporal direction and in the spatial direction respectively. An extensive amount of analysis has been carried out to prove the uniform convergence with respect to the singular perturbation parameter. Numerical results are given to illustrate the parameter-uniform convergence of the numerical approximations. Comparisons of the numerical solutions are performed with an upwind and midpoint upwind finite difference scheme on a piecewise-uniform mesh to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.     

A two-grid method with backtracking for the mixed Navier–Stokes/Darcy model

In this paper, we consider the effect of adding a coarse mesh correction to the two-grid algorithm for the mixed Navier–Stokes/Darcy model. The method yields both L² and H¹ optimal velocity and piezometric head approximations and an L² optimal pressure approximation. The method involves solving one small, coupled, nonlinear coarse mesh problem, two independent subproblems (linear Navier–Stokes equation and Darcy equation) on the fine mesh, and a correction problem on the coarse mesh. Theoretical analysis and numerical tests are done to indicate the significance of this method.     

Adapting nodes in three dimensional irregular regions for meshless-type methods

In this paper, a new adaptive nodes technique based on equi-distribution principles and dimension reduction is presented for irregular regions in three dimensional cases. The mesh generation is performed by first producing some adaptive nodes in a cube based on equi-distribution along the coordinate axes and then transforming the generated nodes to the physical domain followed by a refinement process. The mesh points produced are appropriate for meshless-type methods which need only some scattered points rather than a mesh with some smoothness properties. The effectiveness of the generated mesh points is examined by a collocation meshless method using a well known radial basis function, namely ?(r)?=?r ⁵ which is sufficiently smooth for our purpose. Some experimental results will be presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Development of a P2 element with optimal L2 convergence for biharmonic equation

It is well known that convergence rate of finite element approximation is suboptimal in the L² norm for solving biharmonic equations when P₂ or Q₂ element is used. The goal of this paper is to derive a weak Galerkin (WG) P₂ element with the L² optimal convergence rate by assuming the exact solution sufficiently smooth. In addition, our new WG finite element method can be applied to general mesh such as hybrid mesh, polygonal mesh or mesh with hanging node. The numerical experiments have been conducted on different meshes including hybrid meshes with mixed of pentagon and rectangle and mixed of hexagon and triangle.