基于Copula和极值理论的在险价值度量

针对传统孤立使用GJR模型、极值理论、Copula理论进行风险分析的不足,把GJR模型、极值理论和Copula理论有机的结合起来,给出了基于Copula和极值理论的投资组合VaR的测度方法.首先利用GJR模型刻画单个资产收益率中的自相关和异方差现象,获得近似独立同分布的新息序列,再分别应用高斯核估计的方法、极值理论拟合新息序列的分布函数的内部和两尾,利用Copula函数有效捕抓了市场之间的波动溢出效应,最后使用Monte Carlo模拟法,计算出投资组合的VaR值.实证结果表明,基于Copula和极值理论的VaR度量方法比历史模拟法更有效.     

基于正则逆Gamma分布和广义极值分布的VaR计算

股指收益率的分布和风险价值(VaR)的计算是证券市场研究的热点问题.本文对来自上证指数和深证成指日收益率采用正则逆Gamma分布和偏T分布(SST)分别进行拟合,对极值序列(周、月极大值和极小值)建立广义极值分布函数。并由此计算VaR值,度量这几种序列的风险价值.结果表明正则逆Gamma分布能更好地拟合日收益率的分布,以及采用周极值收益率的广义极值分布计算VaR值来估计风险较为合理.     

计算资产组合市场风险值的一种有效方法

市场风险值(VaR)是一种常用的度量风险的方法．本文采用极值理论中的阈值模型来计算VaR．基于中国上证指数和深成指数的收盘价，构造超越阈值的极值渐近概率分布，所得到的计算结果与传统方法相比较，有明显的优越性和更好的精度．     

基于帕累托分布的聚合收益率的VaR计算方法

极值理论在金融资产收益分析中有着重要应用,金融资产收益率的厚尾分布可以用帕累托分布来描述,但是在计算投资组合的VaR时,需要知道的是组合的分布,但是其具体的分布形式却是不可知的.所以本文就在先前研究的基础之上通过对帕累托总和进行分解得到2个分解总和,通过对这2个总和的分析求得其各自的分布,再由此计算出总和的近似分布,从而求得投资组合的VaR.这种方法不仅考虑了每个个体对总和的影响力度,还弥补了极端事件对结果的影响,使得计算出来的VaR值对市场风险的衡量更为的准确.     

基于Bayes估计的金融风险值——VaR计算

初步研究了用Bayes估计计算金融风险值VaR,同时阐明了运用极值理论方法在Bayes估计下的金融风险值计算。并且借助统计计算方法——MCMC算法来求解参数的Bayes估计,有效的将Bayes思想融入到了VaR的计算中。用Bayes估计计算金融风险值VsR,可以帮助投资者将观测数据和自己所掌握的经验信息对VaR模型进行调整,使得vsR模型能够更准确地反映出金融市场的风险状况,据此做出更加正确的投资决策。     

极值理论在高频数据中的VaR和CVaR风险价值研究

高频数据具有与低频数据明显不同的特征。本文引入广义帕雷托分布代替传统的正态分布等,精确描述金融高频数据收益的厚尾特征;并且计算高频数据下的VaR和CVaR,然后利用深成A指数据进行返回检验。两种返回检验方法的结果表明,极值理论方法可以比较精确地度量VaR和CVaR。     

基于区间分析的投资组合VaR计算新方法

基于区间分析估计变量的累计概率分布是进行风险价值分析的一种新方法。本文将区间分析运用到股票投资组合的VaR计算中,研究区间分析在VaR计算方法中的应用。首先给出了基于区间分析估计分布函数的计算步骤,然后将区间分析运用到VaR的计算中,以两只股票的投资组合为例得出收益率的累计概率分布,从中得到某一置信度下的VaR值,最后与蒙特卡洛模拟方法做了比较研究,结果表明,基于区间分析的VaR计算方法的运算精度和计算速度明显优于蒙特卡洛模拟方法。     

非寿险中巨额损失数据的拟合与精算

利用极值理论给出了一种新的解决非寿险精算中巨额损失保费厘定问题的方法。在建模过程首先给出了极值理论的最大吸引域检验问题,然后利用不同方法讨论了最优门限值的选取问题,并在POT模型下利用广义帕累托分布对巨额损失分布进行拟合。然后在假设损失次数服从泊松分布的条件下,在复合泊松分布的框架下讨论了险位超赔再保险的纯保费计算问题。     

股票期权VaR的一种计算方法

本文提出一种运用Laplace分布来计算股票期权VaR的新方法.首先对股票价格的运动规律进行理论和实证分析,表明利用Laplace分布来来拟合股票的对数收益率是合理的,然后在此基础上推导了股票期权VaR的计算公式,最后给出了算例.     

基于分形分布的股票期权VaR计算

本文提出一种运用分形分布计算股票期权VaR的方法.首先对股票价格行为进行了理论总结和实证分析,表明采用分形分布来拟合股票的对数收益率是合理的,然后在此基础上推导股票期权VaR的计算公式,最后给出若干算例.     

Semiparametric model for prediction of individual claim loss reserving

The estimation of loss reserves for incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims presents an important task for insurance companies to predict their liabilities. Conventional methods, such as ladder or separation methods based on aggregated or grouped claims of the so-called “run-off triangle”, have been illustrated to have some drawbacks. Recently, individual claim loss models have attracted a great deal of interest in actuarial literature, which can overcome the shortcomings of aggregated claim loss models. In this paper, we propose an alternative individual claim loss model, which has a semiparametric structure and can be used to fit flexibly the claim loss reserving. Local likelihood is employed to estimate the parametric and nonparametric components of the model, and their asymptotic properties are discussed. Then the prediction of the IBNR claim loss reserving is investigated. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods.     

Applying copula models to individual claim loss reserving methods

The estimation of loss reserves for incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims presents an important task for insurance companies to predict their liabilities. Recently, individual claim loss models have attracted a great deal of interest in the actuarial literature, which overcome some shortcomings of aggregated claim loss models. The dependence of the event times with the delays is a crucial issue for estimating the claim loss reserving. In this article, we propose to use semi-competing risks copula and semi-survival copula models to fit the dependence structure of the event times with delays in the individual claim loss model. A nonstandard two-step procedure is applied to our setting in which the associate parameter and one margin are estimated based on an ad hoc estimator of the other margin. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are established as well. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods.     

基于合作博弈的预付条件下应急物资库存策略

应急物资储备是应急管理的主要工作之一.以往政府自己组织物资储备,不仅耗费大量人力、物力,且由于应急物资具有有效期等缘故,报废损失较大.本文考虑政府与供应商合作进行应急物资的实物储备,讨论在政府提前支付部分货款、供应商储备应急物资的库存策略,并从合作博弈的角度,确立了联盟的合作期限与政府提前支付货款比例,实现了在减少政府支出的前提下,动态存储定量应急物资,大幅度延长有效期的目标.最后使用算例验证了该策略的有效性.     

突发事件对交通网络的影响评估指标和方法

近年来,由于自然灾害,不断地环境恶化以及不可预测的灾害侵袭,突发事件时有发生,突发事件可能对交通网络产生非常严重的影响。本文给出了一些指标来表征突发事件对交通网络的影响程度。这些指标适用于用户最优、系统最优以及效率损失等情形。 我们给出了这些指标的性质并讨论了在用户最优、系统最优以及效率损失等情形下的指标之间的关系。交通网络的数值算例表明了关于突发事件的指标的合理性。突发事件对交通网络的影响程度评估对于道路规划、道路维护以及网络脆弱性分析均有重要意义。     

TWO INFORMATIONAL ISSUES IN RESOURCE MODELING

Neither the pattern of future resource demand nor the level of available supply is known with any great certainty. This paper quantifies the uncertainty in key demand and supply elements for the California Redwood Industry. The paper then shows that the loss to imperfect information about available supply is not very large.     

Theoretical analysis of three-dimensional ground displacements induced by shield tunneling

In this study, an approach to estimate three-dimensional ground displacements induced by shield tunneling is proposed by using the superposition method, advocating consideration of the ground loss as well as the working loads during shield tunneling. The ground movements caused by different factors, i.e., applied support pressures, shield shell frictions and cutter head rotation, are investigated in detail, which can provide a better understanding of how to set the shield advancing parameters for ground disturbance controlling. The main advantage of this approach is that it can well reproduce the uplift and settlement characteristics of the ground. It is also of great significance for assessing the safety of closely spaced structures when the ground differential settlement is taken into account. To estimate the ground movements induced by twin tunneling, an additional ground loss ratio is introduced to describe the disturbance caused by the first tunneling. The proposed approach in this paper is tested against the field data at a construction site and provides a satisfactory estimate of the ground movement.     

汽车交通事故损失分布的尾部估计

由于巨额损失对保险公司的影响非常大,费率厘定过程中对极值分布的研究非常重视。本文从极值理论的角度出发,以上海市虹口区2003年的汽车交通事故损失数据为样本,探讨了损失分布的尾部估计方法,并利用该地区2006年的汽车交通事故损失对结论进行了验证。研究结果发现,广义帕雷托分布确实对损失额的尾部提供了较好的拟合,但这依赖于门槛值的恰当选择。传统的门槛值选择方法主观性较强,而通过重复多次的交叉验证技巧,我们可以估计广义帕雷托分布的最合适门槛值位置。     

Stability of laminar shells having a viscoelastic binder

Conclusions 1. In loading with a force whose value lies between the long-term and instantaneous critical values, a loss of shell stability by rupture takes place at a certain time after loading. This time is naturally taken as the critical one.2. Numerical estimates show that the level of the initial irregularities has a very great effect on the magnitude of the critical time. Therefore, in a theoretical estimate of the critical time it is necessary to take account of them as accurately as possible.Moscow Power Institute. Translated from Mekhanika Polimerov, No. 2, pp. 277–282, March–April, 1978.     

New approach for the identification of power system economic dispatch parameters

It is well known that the coefficients of the input-output characteristics of the thermal steam-turbine model as well as the network model parameters have a great effect on the optimal economic operation of all thermal-electric power systems. Until today, these coefficients, the loss formula coefficients, theB-coefficients, and the active-reactive power loss models have been estimated using the well-known least-square estimation algorithm.In this paper, we present a new algorithm to estimate the power system parameters for economic dispatch calculation (EDC); this algorithm is based on the least absolute-value approximation (LAV)l ₁-norm. We compare the results obtained using the proposed algorithms with those obtained using the least-square error algorithm (LS). Optimal costs as well as overall network performance resulting from the implementation of each technique provide the basis of our conclusion.This work was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant No. A4146.     

Dimensioning hospital wards using the Erlang loss model

How many beds must be allocated to a specific clinical ward to meet production targets? When budgets get tight, what are the effects of downsizing a nursing unit? These questions are often discussed by medical professionals, hospital consultants, and managers. In these discussions the occupancy rate is of great importance and often used as an input parameter. Most hospitals use the same target occupancy rate for all wards, often 85%. Sometimes an exception is made for critical care and intensive care units. In this paper we demonstrate that this equity assumption is unrealistic and that it might result in an excessive number of refused admissions, particularly for smaller units. Queuing theory is used to quantify this impact. We developed a decision support system, based on the Erlang loss model, which can be used to evaluate the current size of nursing units. We validated this model with hospital data over the years 2004–2006. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency of merging departments.