介质反射系数的反演方法及其计算机实现

1 引言 本文考虑横向均匀的声波介质,利用脉冲平面波垂直入射,根据表面测量数据来直接反演介质的反射系数. 由于介质反射系数与介质声阻抗有着相互依赖的关系,人们以前的注意力都主要集中在声阻抗的反演问题上.如Syms讨论了解的存在性、唯一性等理论问题.张关泉从一维波动方程出发,研究了由阻抗反演声速的问题.顾桂定和张关泉就声阻抗的反演做过数值实验.Bube等人也对声阻抗反演问题进行过探讨. 本文从声波方程和应力—应变方程的联立方程组出发,导出一种直接反演介质反射系数的数值方法,不需要先求声阻抗,再由声阻抗求反射系数.值得指出的是利用这种方法可以导出一种非常有效的同时反演介质声速和密度的计算方法.详见文献[4]. 就本文提出的算法,利用SGI工作站做了大量数值实验,结果表明本算法稳定性好、精确度高.同时给出了由反射系数求声阻抗的例子.     

增长曲线模型中系数矩阵的线性容许Minimax估计

对于生长曲线模型Y＝X_1B_1X_2＋ε，Cov（ε）＝σV，本文分别在某种齐次线性估计类L0和非齐次线性估计类L_1中找到了系数矩阵的线性可估函数KBL的容许Minimax估计，并且证明了这种估计是唯一的．     

Gauss—Markoff估计的协方差改进形式及其在SUR模型中的应用

本文采用并推广Rao[1]的协方差改进原理，证明了线性模型（1．1）的Gauaa－Markoff估计（1．2）具有协方差改进形式＝（X′X）－1X′Y－（X′X）－1X′VN［NVN］＋NY，其中N＝I－X（X′X）－1X′．这一结果用于SUR系统yi＝Xiβi＋εi（i＝1，2，…，m），容易得到Zellner两步估计的有限样本性质．本文得到了一类系统的有限样本方差结果，从而完善了一些已有结果．     

二次方程Robin问题奇摄动群的估计

本文讨论了形如εy″=u（x，Y，ε）（y′）^2＋v（x，Y，ε），0＜X＜1，y（0,ε）-P1y′（0，ε）=A（ε），y（1，ε）＋P2y′（1，ε）=B（ε）的二次方程Robin问题奇摄动问题．通过引入不同量级的伸长变量，利用外部解和校正项相结合方法构造了本问题形式上的任意阶的渐近解，并利用微分不等式这一工具对所求得的解作出估计，得出一致有效的肯定结论．     

带转向点的非线性系统的奇摄动

本文考虑如下非线性系统εＹ″＝Ｆ（ｔ，Ｙ，Ｙ′，ε），－１＜ｔ＜１，Ｙ（－１，ε），Ｙ（１，ε）＝设Ｆ的部分或所有的分量ｆ．满足，称Ｆ在ｔ＝０处具有一般的转点．本文讨论系统在Ｆ具有一般转点时解存在的充分条件且研究解在转向点ｔ＝０处的渐近性态．对于内部层、边界层现象分别进行了讨论．     

一类Jacobi矩阵广义特征值反问题

称为n阶Jacobi矩阵,振动反问题讨论由特征值（频率）和特征向量（模态）数据确定振动系统的物理参数,其研究对结构设计和结构物理参数识别具有重要意义,弹簧-质点系统的振动反问题归结为Jacobi矩阵的特征值反问题,这类问题已被许多学者研究[1-3]．     

一类对流扩散方程的特征-修正差分格式及最大模估计

1 引 言许多物理问题的数学模型都可归结为对流扩散型方程（组）,这类模型具有较强的双曲性质.为了在数值计算中更好地反映这种性质,Douglas,Russell[1]提出了特征法的思想.特征法的主要特点是将模型方程的对流项隐含在解沿特征方向的导数之中,以沿特征方向的向后差商逼近取代了通常方法中沿时间方向的向后差商逼近.由于解在特征方向上的变     

一类Post-Widder算子的线性组合在Orlicz空间内的逼近

正1引言记L_n(f,x)为Post-Widder算子■,其中■Post-Widder算子是Laplace变换的反演公式,有关Post-Widder算子的研究还比较少,该算子及其线性组合的逼近性质在L_p空间内得到了一些结果,如文献[1],[2],[3]等,但在Orlicz空间内Post-Widder算子的线性组合的逼近问题目前尚未见到有人研究,本文研究了算子L_n(f,x)在Orlicz空间内逼近的正定理,逆定理以及等价定理.     

广义的M(o)bius反演公式及其在一个物理逆问题中的应用

用偏序集上广义的Mobius反演公式去求解一类物理逆问题（晶体对势反演）.这种方法是解决此类问题的一般性数学方法.文章中给出的两个应用实例说明了这种方法的有效性.     

奇摄动非线性系统Robin边值问题

本文研究了非线性系统奇摄动问题：ε2y"－（x，y，y）＝0，0＜x＜1，0＜ε≤1，y（0）－py'（0）＝A，p＞0，y（1）＝B，其中y，f，A，B为n维向量．在相应的假设下，利用代数型边界层函数，证明了该问题存在一个解y（x，ε），并利用微分不等式方法得到了其解的渐近估计．     

由于波响应反演声阻抗的特征带方法

In this paper, we study the acoustic impedance inversion of 1-dimensional wave equation excited by a wavelet. In order to avoid the ill-posedness, a stable method,which we call the characteristic band method, is constructed, and then used as the preconditioner in optimal inversion to increase the speed of convergence.     

Inverse Scattering for the Problem with Impedance-type Boundary

This paper deals with the inverse scattering problems for the Helmholtz equation with impedance boundary condition. It aims at reconstructing the unknown impedance coefficient from the knowledge of scattered wave fields. We generalize the concept of classic solution (CS) to optimal solution (OS) by a nonlinear optimization problem. Then, based on potential theory, we establish an inversion procedure to get the approximation of OS which is defined as the regularized solution (RS) in this paper. The convergence result for RS is proven from which one can get OS and CS stably and efficiently.     

二维目标声波成像的变分方法

研究二维目标声波成像的新方法.首先根据Green函数理论导出一个关于波数扰动函数和波场的积分方程组;然后通过对该方程组求变分,寻求波数扰动函数微小变化和散射场微小变化之间的关系,得到反演方程;最后对几个典型目标进行模拟识别,考察了方法的收敛速度、收敛精度、抗噪性能及对复杂目标的适应能力.识别结果表明,本文方法对定量无损检测技术具有理论和应用价值.     

AN ADAPTIVE MULTI-SCALE CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTED PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF 2-D WAVE EQUATION

An adaptive multi-scale conjugate gradient method for distributed parameter estimations (or inverse problems) of wave equation is presented. The identification of the coefficients of wave equations in two dimensions is considered. First, the conjugate gradient method for optimization is adopted to solve the inverse problems. Second, the idea of multi-scale inversion and the necessary conditions that the optimal solution should be the fixed point of multi-scale inversion method is considered. An adaptive multi-scale inversion method for the inoerse problem is developed in conjunction with the conjugate gradient method. Finally, some numerical results are shown to indicate the robustness and effectiveness of our method.     

地形对正压大气Rossby波非线性相互作用的影响

本文采用弱非线性近似，推导出地形和Ｅｋｍａｎ摩擦共同作用下连续谱正压Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的非线性时空演化方程．根据这组方程，我们研究了窄角谱Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波包的波波相互作用问题，当一个大振幅Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波包通过大气传播时，如果它的振幅超过某个阈值，非线性相互作用会使一个尺度比它大的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波包和一个尺度比它小的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波包的振幅随时间指数增长，这两个次级波的本征频率会发生改变，Ｅｋｍａｎ摩擦、频率不匹配、地形坡度以及波包的空间演变共同决定了主波振幅的阈值及次级波本征频率的改变量．     

Integral equation methods for scattering by infinite rough surfaces

In this paper, we consider the Dirichlet and impedance boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a non‐locally perturbed half‐plane. These boundary value problems arise in a study of time‐harmonic acoustic scattering of an incident field by a sound‐soft, infinite rough surface where the total field vanishes (the Dirichlet problem) or by an infinite, impedance rough surface where the total field satisfies a homogeneous impedance condition (the impedance problem). We propose a new boundary integral equation formulation for the Dirichlet problem, utilizing a combined double‐ and single‐layer potential and a Dirichlet half‐plane Green's function. For the impedance problem we propose two boundary integral equation formulations, both using a half‐plane impedance Green's function, the first derived from Green's representation theorem, and the second arising from seeking the solution as a single‐layer potential. We show that all the integral equations proposed are uniquely solvable in the space of bounded and continuous functions for all wavenumbers. As an important corollary we prove that, for a variety of incident fields including an incident plane wave, the impedance boundary value problem for the scattered field has a unique solution under certain constraints on the boundary impedance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The impedance boundary-value problem of diffraction by a strip

We consider the impedance boundary-value problem for the Helmholtz equation originated by the problem of wave diffraction by an infinite strip with imperfect conductivity. The two possible different situations of real and complex wave numbers are considered. Bessel potential spaces are used to deal with the problem, and the identification of corresponding operators of single and double layer potentials allow a reformulation of the problem into a system of integral equations. The well-posedness of the problem is obtained for a set of impedance parameters (and wave numbers), after the incorporation of some compatibility conditions on the data. At the end, an improvement of the regularity of the solution is derived for the same set of parameters previously considered.     

The integral equation method in problems of diffraction by a finite impedance section of a medium interface

A 3D problem of reflection of a plane electromagnetic wave by a local impedance section of a wavy surface is considered. The boundary value problem for the system of Maxwell’s equations in a region with an irregular boundary is reduced to solution of systems of hypersingular integral equations. A numerical algorithm is proposed for solution of these systems. Results of numerical computations are presented.     

Exact boundary controllability for non‐autonomous quasilinear wave equations

In this paper, we first show that quite different from the autonomous case, the exact boundary controllability for non‐autonomous wave equations possesses various possibilities. Then we adopt a constructive method to establish the exact boundary controllability for one‐dimensional non‐autonomous quasilinear wave equations with various types of boundary conditions. Finally, we apply the results to multi‐dimensional quasilinear wave equation with rotation invariance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uniqueness in Determining a Ball with a Single Incoming Wave

We prove that a ball with the impedance boundary condition is uniquely determined by the far-field pattern corresponding to an incident plane wave at one given wavenumber and one given incident direction. In the uniqueness proof, the impedance parameter in the impedance boundary condition is unknown.