欧式向上敲出看涨认购权证的鞅方法定价

在普通的认购权证上嵌入障碍期权的特点 ,便会得到一类新型的权证敲出 (敲入 )型认购权证 ,本文以向上敲出看涨认购权证为例 ,先给出它的定义 ,根据该定义 ,以鞅定价方法推导出欧式向上敲出看涨认购权证的封闭解评价模型 ,为实践者提供理论上的参考价格 .     

欧式幂期权定价中隐含标准差的统计特征

首先将欧式看涨幂期权定价公式展成Taylor级数,得到幂期权的近似无偏估计.然后通过蒙特卡罗方法进行实验,从幂期权近似估计的分布中推出隐含标准差的分布特征.并改变期权中幂的值或执行价格的值,得到隐含标准差的期望和方差等统计特征.     

美式看涨篮子期权解析近似定价模型

本文研究规范美式篮子看涨期权的定价问题.通常用来为美式看涨期权定价的格点法与蒙特卡罗模拟法,用于美式篮子看涨期权定价时,会产生"维数灾难".本文首先利用Vorst~([2])、Gentle~([3])以及Merton~([4,5])模型的结果,完成标的资产组合从算术平均向几何平均的转化;其次在Barone～Adesi和Whaley提出的单变量美式期权解析近似定价模型(以下简称BW模型)的基础上~([4]),提出了美式分红篮子看涨期权定价的一种解析近似方法.最后,进行了数值试验,取得了较好的结果.     

汇率连动欧式幂型期权鞅定价及避险

研究了汇率连动选择权中执行价是本国货币的外国股票权证的欧式幂型期权的鞅定价问题,推导了其看涨、看跌定价公式,并求出了其相应的避险参数.     

次分数布朗运动下支付红利的欧式期权定价

本文主要建立了次分数布朗运动下的期权定价模型,并且考虑了支付连续红利的情形.首先利用Wick-It?积分和偏微分方法得到了期权价格所满足的偏微分方程,然后经过变量替换转化为Cauchy问题,从而得到了支付红利的次分数布朗运动环境下的欧式看涨期权定价公式,相应地根据看涨看跌定价公式,得出欧式看跌期权定价公式.最后,对定价模型中的参数进行估计,并讨论了估计量的无偏性和强收敛性.     

含信用风险的上限型权证期权定价

本文通过公司价值模型研究一类含信用风险的上限型权证期权的定价.一方面利用鞅的方法推导出公司负债和无风险利率为常数情况下上限型权证期权的定价;另一方面通过概率的方法推导出含信用风险的上限型权证期权定价公式,该公式推广了Black-Scholes的欧式期权定价.     

信用风险下的变化类型权证期权定价

主要利用公司价值模型将信用风险引入到变化类型权证期权定价中,通过鞅和概率的方法,推导出信用风险下的变化类型权证期权的定价公式,给出了更切合实际的期权定价.     

彩虹障碍期权的定价问题

采用偏微分方程方法研究了彩虹障碍期权的定价问题,推导出它满足的偏微分方程,通过求解这个偏微分方程得出了八种彩虹障碍期权的定价公式及四个看涨——看跌平价公式.     

分数跳-扩散环境下几种新型期权定价模型

假定股票价格遵循分数跳-扩散过程,利用公平保费原则和价格过程的实际测度,获得几种新型期权——欧式看涨幂期权、欧式上封顶及下保底看涨幂期权定价公式.对期权定价模型进行了推广.     

随机利率下奇异期权的定价公式

在随机利率条件下,借助于测度变换获得了复合看涨期权的一般的定价公式,同时利用鞅理论和Girsanov定理,在利率服从于扩展的Vasicek利率模型时,得到了复合看涨期权精确的定价公式.用同样的方法,考虑了预设日期的重置看涨期权的定价问题,在利率服从同样的利率模型时,获得了重置看涨期权的定价公式.数值化的结果进一步说明了当利率遵循扩展的Vasicek利率模型时,B-S看涨期权的价格关于标的资产的价格是严格单调递增的,复合看涨期权的Geske公式是可以推广到随机利率的情况.     

The pricing and optimal strategies of callable warrants

In this paper, we introduce a valuation model of callable warrants under a setting of the optimal stopping problem between the holder (investor) and the issuer (firm). A warrant is the right to purchase new shares at a predetermined price. When the new stocks are issued, the value of the stock is diluted. We consider the model taking the dilution into account. After identifying optimal policies for the issuer and the investor, we explore the analytical properties of the optimal exercise and call boundaries for the holder and the issuer, respectively. Furthermore, the value of such a callable warrant and the optimal critical prices are examined numerically using the binomial method.     

Pricing turbo warrants under stochastic elasticity of variance

We consider an extended constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model in which the elasticity follows a stochastic process driven by a fast mean-reverting Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. Then, we use the proposed model to examine a turbo warrant option, which is a type of exotic option. Based on an asymptotic analysis, we derive the partial differential equation of the leading and the corrected terms, which we use to determine the analytic formula for the turbo warrant call option. The parameter analysis using the extended CEV model provides us with a better understanding of the price structure of a turbo warrant call. Moreover, by comparing the turbo warrant call with a European vanilla call, we can examine the sensitivity of options with respect to the model parameters.     

Stochastic equity volatility related to the leverage effect II: valuation of European equity options and warrants

We propose a general framework to assess the value of the financial claims issued by the firm, European equity options and warrantsin terms of the stock price. In our framework, the firm's asset is assumed to follow a standard stationary lognormal process with constant volatility. However, it is not the case for equity volatility. The stochastic nature of equity volatility is endogenous, and comes from the impact of a change in the value of the firm's assets on the financial leverage. In a previous paper we studied the stochastic process for equity volatility, and proposed analytic approximations for different capital structures. In this companion paper we derive analytic approximations for the value of European equity options and warrants for a firm financed by equity, debt and warrants. We first present the basic model, which is an extension of the Black-Scholes model, to value corporate securities either as a function of the stock price, or as a function of the firm's total assets. Since stock prices are observable, then for practical purposes, traders prefer to use the stock as the underlying instrument, we concentrate on valuation models in terms of the stock price. Second, we derive an exact solution for the valuation in terms of the stock price of (i) a European call option on the stock of a levered firm, i.e. a European compound call option on the total assets of the firm, (ii) an equity warrant for an all-equity firm, and (iii) an equity warrant for a firm financed by equity and debt. Unfortunately, to compute these solutions we need to specify the function of the stock price in terms of the firm's assets value. In general we are unable to specify this expression, but we propose tight bounds for the value of these options which can be easily computed as a function of the stock price. Our results provide useful extensions of the Black-Scholes model.     

模糊数在股本权证定价中的应用

采用Ukhov权证定价模型求解权证价值的过程中,需要求解一个非线性方程组．但是采用数值法得到的最优解与精确解往往有一定偏差．针对这个情况,本文采用模糊数刻画非线性方程组的解,得到不确定形式的股本权证定价模型,并给出一定可信度下权证的模糊价格区间．同时也给出了给定任意一个权证价格求其对应的可信度的优化算法．数值算例验证了该文方法的有效性．     

Generalised soft binomial American real option pricing model (fuzzy–stochastic approach)

The stochastic discrete binomial models and continuous models are usually applied in option valuation. Valuation of the real American options is solved usually by the numerical procedures. Therefore, binomial model is suitable approach for appraising the options of American type. However, there is not in several situations especially in real option methodology application at to disposal input data of required quality. Two aspects of input data uncertainty should be distinguished; risk (stochastic) and vagueness (fuzzy). Traditionally, input data are in a form of real (crisp) numbers or crisp-stochastic distribution function. Therefore, hybrid models, combination of risk and vagueness could be useful approach in option valuation. Generalised hybrid fuzzy–stochastic binomial American real option model under fuzzy numbers (T-numbers) and Decomposition principle is proposed and described. Input data (up index, down index, growth rate, initial underlying asset price, exercise price and risk-free rate) are in a form of fuzzy numbers and result, possibility-expected option value is also determined vaguely as a fuzzy set. Illustrative example of equity valuation as an American real call option is presented.     

A Reduced-Form Model for Valuing Bonds with Make-Whole Call Provisions

Abstract

We develop a reduced-form valuation model for bonds with make-whole call provisions. Informed by the structural differences between callable bonds with fixed call prices and callable bonds with make-whole call provisions, we specify our reduced-form model so that the call spread depends inversely on the default intensity. Using a sample of make-whole callable bonds, we estimate the parameters of our model using the extended Kalman filter and compare the performance of our model with the performance of a well-known reduced-form model for fixed-price callable bonds.     

On modified Mellin transforms, Gauss-Laguerre quadrature, and the valuation of American call options

We extend a framework based on Mellin transforms and show how to modify the approach to value American call options on dividend-paying stocks. We present a new integral equation to determine the price of an American call option and its free boundary using modified Mellin transforms. We also show how to derive the pricing formula for perpetual American call options using the new framework. A result due to Kim (1990) [24] regarding the optimal exercise price at expiry is also recovered. Finally, we apply Gauss-Laguerre quadrature for the purpose of an efficient and accurate numerical valuation.     

欧式幂期权定价模型中参数及隐含波动率的统计特性

研究了欧式幂期权定价公式中价格的渐近无偏估计和隐含波动率估计的统计特性。利用Chaudhury M.M(1989)提出的研究欧式期极定价公式中渐近无偏估计的方法以及隐含波动率求解方法,研究了两种欧式幂型看涨期权定价公式(欧式看涨期权的价值定义分别为m ax(STα-X,0)和m ax(STα-Xa,0)中的隐含波动率的估计的统计特征、幂函数的幂指数选取以及两种幂函数期权定价公式的优劣。Monte-Carlo统计计算的模拟结果说明。幂期权定价公式中幂指数α取值应为α>0,而且欧式看涨期权的价值定义为m ax(STα-Xα,0)更为合理。     

标的资产服从一类混合过程的欧式未定权益定价

文中假设标的资产价格服从受分数布朗运动和泊松过程共同驱动的一类混合模型，并给出了基于这一模型的欧式未定权益定价的基本公式，以及欧式看涨、看跌期权和上限型欧式期权的定价公式。     

On the topological structure of the Levi-Civita field

Two topologies on the Levi-Civita field R will be studied: the valuation topology induced by the order on the field, and another weaker topology induced by a family of seminorms, which we will call weak topology. We show that each of the two topologies results from a metric on R, that the valuation topology is not a vector topology while the weak topology is, and that R is complete in the valuation topology while it is not in the weak topology. Then the properties of both topologies will be studied in details; in particular, we give simple characterizations of open, closed, and compact sets in both topologies.