管理者过度自信对并购绩效的影响——基于群体决策视角的分析和实证

我国公司决策更多的是群体而非个体决策,群体决策强化还是弱化了过度自信偏差?本文从群体决策的层面研究了管理者的过度自信对公司并购绩效的影响。摈弃传统公司并购理论中的管理者理性假设,从行为公司金融理论出发,以我国422家上市发行A股的并购公司为样本进行了实证分析和研究。结果表明:群体决策中的管理者普遍存在着过度自信;管理者过度自信与并购长期绩效显著负相关;与短期绩效也负相关,但在统计上不显著。最后,根据分析结果提出了克服或减少管理者决策偏差行为的若干可行的举措。     

境外机构投资者持股周期与公司治理绩效关系的实证研究

选取2003-2015年我国沪深A股上市公司中有境外机构投资者(QFII)持股的公司作为研究样本,将QFII持股周期划分为短期、中期和长期三类,通过理论分析和实证分析研究QFII不同持股周期对上市公司治理绩效的影响,研究结果表明,QFII短期持股时,奉行财务投资理念,通过买卖价差获取投资收益,不会对公司治理绩效产生影响;QFII中期持股时,会对公司治理绩效产生影响,但影响作用较微弱;QFII长期持股时,主要奉行价值投资理念,通过积极参与公司治理影响公司治理绩效,获得高额投资收益。本文的研究结论对我国境内机构投资者和上市公司具有一定的借鉴作用,同时可以为我国引入QFII提供政策建议。     

过度投资与其制约因素的实证分析——以制造业上市公司为例

经理的机会主义引发企业过度投资行为。西方学者通过考察投资与现金流相关性,研究企业过度投资问题并找到相应经验证据。本文利用上市公司(2005会计年度)数据,研究制造业上市公司是否存在过度投资行为以及相关制约机制是否有效。结果表明:我国上市公司存在过度投资行为;经理持股、举借债务、大股东性质、现金股利是过度投资行为的有效制约机制;公司治理机制中的独立董事并未发挥作用。     

特质管理者决策下的企业投融资研究

在管理者薪酬结构包括部分股权和固定薪水基础上,利用实物期权分析方法,研究了管理者过度自信和过度乐观对企业投资的影响,分析了市场摩擦(税收和破产成本)对企业非效率投资的影晌.数值分析发现,管理者的过度自信和过度乐观都会导致过度投资;通过设计合适的股权和固定薪水,可以在一定程度上缓解管理者过度自信和过度乐观导致的过度投资问题;税收的增加会加重非理性投资的扭曲程度,而破产成本的增加可以缓和非理性投资的扭曲.     

CEO年龄、公司治理与海外并购——来自我国沪深股市的经验数据(2009~2014)

本研究基于高阶理论、委托代理理论和最优契约理论,运用沪深两市上市公司在2009~2014年的海外并购数据,对CEO年龄以及与CEO紧密相关的公司治理对企业海外并购决策进行了实证研究。实证结果表明:(1)CEO年龄整体上与企业海外并购决策负相关,说明年纪越大的CEO越不倾向于进行海外并购,越年轻的CEO则越倾向于实施海外并购。在年龄组Ⅰ(<=40岁)中,CEO年龄与企业海外并购决策在5%的水平上显著负相关,说明在年龄小于等于40岁的CEO中,也就是处于青年成熟期的CEO越倾向于实施海外并购;处于中年稳健期(年龄组Ⅲ,49~55岁)的CEO,随着管理经营经验的不断累积,年龄越大越倾向于实施海外并购。(2)在公司治理对海外并购决策的影响方面,股权集中度与海外并购决策正相关,股权集中程度越高就越容易进行海外并购;CEO持股比例与海外并购决策负相关,CEO持股比例越高,CEO越不会做出海外并购决策。     

高科技公司中的高管特征与绩效的实证研究

与传统企业所有权和经营权分离不同的是,人力资本及其控制的无形资产对高科技企业价值的贡献相对于有形资产的重要性大大提高.高技术公司的治理与规范化公司的治理存在很大的差异,甚至是本质上的差异,这种差异主要来自于高技术企业人力资本的价值和团队合作.本文对高科技公司中的高管特征与绩效进行了实证研究.研究表明:在竞争激烈的高科技上市公司中,ROE与托宾Q值呈现显著正相关;高管人员持股比例总和与公司绩效指标(ROE)具有显著正相关关系;高管人员平均薪酬与公司绩效指标(ROE)具有显著正相关关系.建议高科技公司选好经理人,增加高管人员的持股比例及完善高管人员薪酬体制的建设,进而降低代理成本,提高公司绩效.     

管理者过度自信行为下煤矿安全监管机制设计研究

针对我国煤矿安全监管的现状以及管理者的过度自信行为,建立了包括政府、煤矿企业以及过度自信的煤矿管理者的两阶段多任务委托代理模型,并从理论上分析了过度自信行为对煤矿管理者自身的安全管理投入、煤矿企业的激励参数、政府奖惩力度以及政府安全绩效的影响,并与煤矿管理者完全理性的情况对比。研究表明,煤矿管理者的安全管理投入、政府奖惩力度以及政府的安全绩效在过度自信程度增大时都会越来越偏离煤矿管理者完全理性时的情形,最后给出算例并验证了相关结论,为我国煤矿安全监管和实践提供了决策支持。     

股权集中、机构持股与内幕交易:来自沪深A股的经验证据

选择2011-2016年沪深A股2158家公司面板数据,借助累计异常换手率衡量内幕交易行为,研究股权集中、机构持股与内幕交易之间的关系.结果表明:股权集中度越高,发生内幕交易的可能性越大,非国有上市公司比国有上市公司发生内幕交易的可能性更大;机构持股能显著减弱上市公司股权集中度过高引发的内幕交易行为,在监管法治不到位的情况下,机构持股能有效抑制上市公司大股东的内幕交易行为.文章研究结论为内幕交易治理提供了经验证据.     

薪酬差距与企业金融化的非线性影响机制研究

为探究薪酬差距这个带有激励色彩的因素,是否有助于缓解管理层的过度金融化,论文先是构建了一个理论模型来说明薪酬差距与企业金融化可能存在U型非线性关系,而后以沪深A股2009~2017年上市公司的16371个观测数据为样本进行实证检验。研究发现:薪酬差距与企业金融化存在显著U型非线性关系,过高和过低的薪酬差距激励都会造成管理层过度金融化,从而导致企业创新投入的挤占和企业生产本质的偏离。进一步研究显示,薪酬差距与企业金融化这种U型非线性关系,主要表现在低管理者代理行为、无缺陷内部控制和有审计委员会等较好公司治理的企业,而在高管理者代理行为、有缺陷内部控制和无审计委员会等弱公司治理的企业,虽有U型非线性关系但不显著。     

风险投资联合投资对上市公司盈余管理的影响:基于我国创业板的实证研究

风险投资在中国的经济发展中处于越来越重要的位置,创业板355家上市公司中,近60%的公司有风险投资背景,近40%的公司有联合风投背景.本文首先以2009-2012年创业板355家上市公司为研究对象,实证研究了风险投资个数与盈余管理之间的关系,然后,以132家联合风投背景公司为研究对象,实证研究联合风投内部特征对IPO公司盈余管理的影响,试图探讨能够发挥最佳监督作用的联合投资方式.实证结果显示有风投背景公司的盈余管理程度高于无风投背景的公司,且联合风投个数越多,上市公司盈余管理程度越高.尽管如此,可以通过选择适当的联合投资方式降低联合投资的负面效应,比如:提高联合风投多样化程度、提高主导风投持股比例、选择高声誉主导风投等等.     

Choosing best alliance partners and allocating optimal alliance resources using the fuzzy multi-objective dummy programming model

Synergy effects are the motives to enter into strategic alliances; however due to lack of adequate preparation or planning, these alliances often fail. It is of no doubt that a successful strategic alliance depends on choosing the correct alliance partners and appropriate resource allocation. In this paper, the fuzzy multi-objective dummy programming model is proposed to overcome the above-mentioned problems. Two types of strategic alliances, joint ventures and mergers and acquisitions (M&A), are demonstrated to choose the best alliance partners and allocate the optimal alliance resources in a numerical example. Based on the results, our method can provide the optimal alliance cluster and satisfaction in strategic alliances.     

Ownership and trust in the governance structures of Spanish-Moroccan SMEs constituted as international joint ventures

The choice of a specific governance structure can be related to different aspects. This structure can be critical in the success of a firm. In SMEs constituted as international joint ventures (IJVs) the governance structure may depend on different elements to large firms and they should be described. The relationship between partners can be decisive in determining these structures. So, the ownership, the participation of partners in different levels of governance, and trust are key factors in determining the choice of the governance structure. The results, from 210 SMEs constituted as Spanish-Moroccan IJVs, reveal the importance of the ownership concentration and the overlapping of roles in the choice of governance structures. Control and trust are important issues. The existence of a board or a sole administrator allows aligning the interest of partners and managers, limiting the possible situations of opportunism by managers. The existence of owner-managers in Spanish-Moroccan IJVs is positively related with the existence of a board, possibly because there is no convergence of interests between partners. The results show that trust and the control exercised via the governance structure are substitutive mechanisms.     

Strategic Acquisition Management: A Multi-Objective Synergistic Approach

Of all the strategic planning and decision-making a corporation undertakes, a merger or acquisition of another company is one of the most important and complex. The complexity is due not only to the volume of accounting, finance, marketing and management factors that need to be considered, but also to synergistic factors that are not adequately incorporated in current acquisition planning models. This paper presents a goal-programming modelling approach to deal with the problem of strategic acquisition planning for mergers, acquisitions or joint ventures. A goal-programming model is developed and applied to illustrate its use in acquisition decision-making. The results of the paper demonstrate the model's informational efficiency of application and unique ability to include synergistic decision-making factors.     

风险投资对中小企业经营绩效的影响——基于区分风险投资机构事前效应与事后效应的视角

基于风险投资与企业绩效的内生性关系视角,即是风险投资事前选择了业绩更优的项目,还是其事后监督辅助提升了参与企业的绩效,本文对深圳创业板与中小板上市企业进行PSM配对,并对配对样本在2001至2014年的面板数据进行回归分析,研究发现与同质非风投支持企业相比,风投支持的企业总体上表现出了显著的绩效优势,但这种绩效优势仅仅源自于企业的自身发展能力。风险投资机构在投资前对优质项目具备积极的筛选能力;但在控制了风险投资的筛选效应后,风险投资机构的事后介入对受资企业的绩效甚至起到一定程度的抑制作用。在Heckman两阶段模型结合内生转置回归模型检验中同样证明了风险投资机构具有积极的事前筛选效应;但其事后介入对受资企业的经营绩效产生负向处理效应。此外,风险投资的特征因素对其事后处理效应具有显著的调节作用:相比成熟的风投机构,年轻风投对企业的经营绩效表现出更大的负面事后处理效应;而相比在企业初创阶段介入的风投机构,在企业后期发展阶段介入的风投对参与企业经营绩效表现出更大的负面事后处理效应;相比新兴产业,在传统产业中风投对企业经营绩效表现出更大的负面事后处理效应。     

中国钢铁业上市公司并购中盈余管理研究—基于效率视角

本文通过改进度量盈余管理程度的Yoon-miller模型,测算2003-2009年中国钢铁业上市公司并购前后的可操纵性利润和全要素生产率,并对并购中盈余管理与效率的内在关系进行分析。结果表明:并购后一年全要素生产率有效的钢铁上市公司在并购当年存在向上的盈余管理,并购后一年及并购当年全要素生产率均有效的钢铁上市公司,在并购后一年容易进行较大幅度的向下盈余管理行为。     

高新技术上市公司财务特征的实证分析

运用SPSS软件对高新技术企业与非高新技术企业进行财务指标的实证比较研究，得出高新技术上市公司区别于非高新技术上市公司的财务特征，以加强高新技术上市公司的财务冶理。     

How resource information backgrounds trigger post-merger integration and technology innovation? A dynamic analysis of resource similarity and complementarity

Overseas mergers and acquisitions (M&A) proposed by companies from emerging economies have been aiming to secure outward technology sourcing from developed countries in order to improve their technology innovation abilities in recent years. This paper proposes a comprehensive analytical framework of post-merger integration’s influence on technology innovation by global game modeling. We show how different resource similarity and resource complementarity backgrounds of the acquirer and target companies can affect post-merger strategies and technology innovation output through multi-stage analysis with an asymmetrical payoff structure. We focus on two main dimensions of post-merger integration, which are integration degree and target autonomy. Equilibrium analysis that is based on potential innovation output signals show that resource similarity has a positive relation with integration and a negative relation with target autonomy in overseas M&A; however, resource complementarity has the opposite effects compared with resource similarity. The positive interaction between resource similarity and complementarity will trigger more M&A and increase the degrees of integration and autonomy; M&A integration has a positive impact on technology innovation output. The innovation growth of the acquiring company is affected by the effectiveness of the post-merger process and the interaction of substitution elasticity with resource potential difference. Our study provides insight into the factors driving post-merger decisions and contributes to a multi-stage resource-based understanding of technology innovation induced by overseas post-merger integration.     

累积logistic回归在后发企业技术能力提升研究中的应用

分析了累积logistic回归模型在后发企业技术能力提升研究中的适用性,并以汽车零部件企业为例进行了实证分析.研究扩展了针对中国的中技术制造业的后发企业技术能力提升的认识,并对后发企业技术能力提升的实证分析方法进行了探讨.研究结论显示:对汽车零部件企业而言,其技术发展模式较封闭,外部知识来源的多寡并不是技术能力提高的重要方式.而内部的研究开发和正式的外部研发合作是提高技术能力的重要来源,企业规模也是影响企业能力提升的重要因素.研究表明该实证分析方法在相关研究中具有可行性.     

A comparison study on responsiveness of three mechanisms to affirmative action in school choice

This note provides a comparison study on responsiveness of three popular mechanisms to affirmative action in school choice. When the exogenous school choice environment gives full priority to the minority, the student-proposing deferred acceptance (DA) mechanism is responsive to both the quota-based and reserve-based affirmative action policies. In comparison with DA mechanism, the top trading cycles (TTC) mechanism is responsive to neither the quota-based nor the reserve-based affirmative action even when the exogenous school choice environment gives full priority to the minority. When each minority student has higher priority than each majority student at each school, the TTC mechanism is responsive to the quota-based affirmative action. However, under the environment as above, the Boston mechanism is not responsive to the quota-based affirmative action.     

Affirmative action under common school priorities: The top trading cycles mechanism case

In school choice, there are two types of extensively used affirmative action policies based on majority quotas and minority reserves, respectively. This paper investigates the responsiveness of the top trading cycles school choice mechanism to these two types of affirmative action policies when all schools have the same priority order over students. Under the common school priority (within student type) condition, we show that the top trading cycles mechanism is minimally responsive to the minority reserves type of affirmative action policy, while a stronger majority quotas type of affirmative action policy may yield a Pareto inferior assignment for the minority.