基于SD的城市户籍改革中公共服务政策创新效应的动态仿真研究——以南昌市为例

在城乡户籍限制壁垒正逐步削弱的大背景下,实现城市常住人口公共服务均等化对于区域经济发展具有重要意义.应用系统动力学的逐树设撤关联数结构行为检验建模方法,建立仿真模型,通过设置户籍政策调控参数、公共教育支出参数、就业和社会保障支出参数及医疗卫生支出参数,分析不同情景下的政策实施效果,探讨城市户籍改革中公共服务创新政策效应.结果表明,提高公共服务支出水平,扩大居住证含金量,有利于提升户籍改革效果.     

城镇就业人数影响因素分析

就业问题是宏观调控的四大目标之一,由于就业涉及的影响因素众多,仅仅只从数据来判断影响因子是缺乏理论依据的.首先对就业理论做了简单的回顾和综述后,通过对城镇就业人数的时间序列建立GARCH(1,1)模型,得到目标波动受自身特点影响占总原因的31%,而外部因素的冲击占69%的结论.随后,对综述部分定性分析总结的经济指标和劳动指标逐个进行格兰杰因果检验,发现部分宏观经济指标与目标指标间具有相互的因果关系,并且以城镇就业人数作为被解释变量以宏观指标作为解释变量建立VAR模型,发现城镇就业人数受就业总人数、经济活动人数、居民消费支出和固定资产投资影响很大.     

国家审计对政府卫生支出的影响及异质性研究——基于贝叶斯分位数回归模型

本文利用2007~2016年省级数据,基于贝叶斯分位数回归模型研究了国家审计对政府卫生支出的影响,及不同政府卫生支出水平下各影响因素的异质性效应。结果表明,国家审计对政府卫生支出的腐败行为具有显著的治理功能,国家审计的投入力度越大,其监督、预防、揭示和抵御功能发挥得越好,越有助于提高政府卫生支出水平。此外,不同的政府卫生支出水平,国家审计治理的影响程度具有明显异质性效应,且各影响因素的系数变化具有显著性差异。因此,为加强腐败治理促进政府卫生支出,不仅需要注重国家审计顶层设计的落地,加强政府多方部门合作推进协同审计,而且应根据具体的政府卫生支出水平做出相应的政策调整以避免地方“政策趋同”带来的不利。     

江苏省金融发展、财政支出对经济增长的影响分析

根据江苏省1990-2011年的历史数据,运用VAR模型对江苏省金融发展、财政支出与经济增长的关系进行实证分析,结果表明,金融发展、财政支出与经济增长存在双向因果关系,二者与经济增长之间存在长期交互关系,经过脉冲响应分析和方差分解显示:短期内,江苏省金融发展对经济增长呈现负的冲击,财政支出对经济增长影响不明显,长期内,二者对经济增长呈现明显的正向冲击,金融发展、财政支出对经济增长的平均贡献率分别为17%和25%.并据此结论提出相应的建议.     

海洋科技投入与海洋经济增长:中国沿海地区面板数据实证研究

开发海洋资源、发展海洋经济对于拓展国民经济和社会发展空间、加快转变经济发展方式、全面建设小康社会具有重大战略意义.加大海洋科技投入,促进海洋科技进步和创新是加快转变海洋经济发展方式的重要举措.根据海洋经济双对数生产函数模型,对我国11个沿海地区2001-2011年海洋经济面板数据的计量分析表明:海洋资本、海洋科技和海洋劳动的弹性系数均为正数;当3个要素投入每增长1个标准差,将引致海洋产出平均增长1.0412、0.1633、0.6837个标准差;海洋资本对海洋经济增长的贡献度最大,而海洋科技的经济增长贡献度最小,我国沿海地区海洋经济增长仍然表现为资本、劳动双要素投入驱动型.从优化主要海洋产业比重、调整海洋经济要素投入构成、提高海洋科技成果转化效益、发挥海洋科技人才主体作用等4个方面提出加快发展海洋经济的对策和措施.     

湖南省公共医疗卫生支出效率及其影响因素实证分析

利用DEA-Tobit两阶段分析法,计算出2009-2013年5年间湖南省14个地级市政府公共医疗卫生支出的综合技术效率值、纯技术效率值、规模效率值三种效率值,分析出湖南省各地级市政府公共医疗卫生支出所处规模报酬阶段,并对反映卫生支出资金配置的综合技术效率水平的外部影响因素加以回归分析.结果发现:湖南省各地区公共医疗卫生效率水平整体水平偏低并且存在明显的差异性,除长沙以外的其他地级市政府公共医疗卫生支出均处于不同程度的非充分效率水平.湖南省各地区人均生产总值及城市化水平对公共医疗卫生支出效率有显著的促进作用.教育水平、人口密度、居民人均可支配收入对湖南省公共医疗卫生支出效率的提高有阻碍作用.     

人力资本与教育的随机扰动模型

在一个带有生产扰动和公共支出扰动的随机模型中,把教育的产出--人力资本引入效用函数和生产函数,利用随机最优化方法,确定了最优经济增长率和最优个体教育投资率.通过分析参数,得出了最优税率.     

高等数学课堂教学与一题多解

高等数学是理工科院校一门十分重要的公共基础课程,在自然科学、工程技术、生命科学、社会科学、经济管理等众多领域有着广泛的应用．对待作为高等数学课堂上的主体——学生,教师应当积极正面评价学生,激发学生的学习兴趣,启发学生主动思考,全面培养学生解决数学问题的能力,并在课堂教学中贯彻这一思想．课堂教学也表明：学生积极主动的应用多种思路解决一道题远比老师灌输性的介绍一道题的多种解法要更具有积极意义．     

Planning federal public investment in Mexico using multiobjective decision making

The scope of this article is showing how multicriteria decision making can be anefficient tool to manage public investment planning in complex situations. Forthis aim, we will analyse the problem in all its aspects: building the modelfrom data using econometrical tools, solving the resulting highly complex modelusing modern efficient techniques (multiobjective meta-heuristics) and helpingthe decision maker to introduce his preferences in order to achieve the mostpreferred solution. This holistic approach let us provide an efficient solutionto a complex public investment planning situation, improving the current stateof the country relating not only economical aspects, but also social and humandevelopment aspects. The real situation studied is focused on Mexico, where, inrecent decades, has undergone remarkable improvements in terms of economicgrowth, which has not been matched by significant improvements in several otherbasic aspects of human development, nor by reductions in regional inequalities.This suggests the need to establish policies aimed at improving these aspectsand reducing inequalities. Federal public investment is an important tool inregional policy to promote and improve these aspects; so we introduce amultiobjective programming problem for planning federal public investment inMexico. This model will focus on improving national levels in four maindimensions of human development (economic growth, education, health andhousing), and on reducing regional inequalities for those dimensions.     

POLLUTION, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, TAXES AND STOCHASTIC GROWTH

This paper studies a stochastic endogenous growth model with pollution. It introduces government expenditure and exogenous pollution abatement technology to eliminate pollution and proves that under appropriate equilibrium conditions the main economic indexes （including economic growth rate, the optimal government expenditure rate） in the centrally planned economy and decentralized economy can be expressed by the parameters of the model uniquely. The optimal tax policy is analyzed ,and the optimal pollution is derived.     

Optimal budgetary and monetary policies under uncertainty: A stochastic control approach

In this paper, we determine optimal budgetary and monetary policies for Austria using a small macroeconometric model. We use a Keynesian model of the Austrian economy, called FINPOL1, estimated by ordinary least squares, which relates the main objective variables of Austrian economic policies, such as the growth rate of real gross domestic product, the rate of unemployment, the rate of inflation, the balance of payments, and the ratio of the federal budget deficit to GDP, to fiscal and monetary policy instruments, namely expenditures and revenues of the federal budget and money supply. Optimal fiscal and monetary policies are calculated for the model under a quadratic objective function using the algorithm OPTCON for the optimum control of nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems. Several control experiments are performed in order to assess the influence of different kinds of uncertainty on optimal budgetary and monetary policies. Apart from deterministic optimization runs, different assumptions about parameter uncertainties are introduced; the results of these different stochastic optimum control experiments are compared and interpreted.     

HMO市场结构影响下的美国医疗费用预测分析

分析了美国HMO（Health Maintenance Organization）市场结构主要指标及部分医疗和社会经济指标对美国医疗费用的影响,采用1995-2007年数据,利用主成分分析（PCA）方法与BP神经网络构建预测模型,对美国支出在医院方面的医疗费用进行拟合及预测,预测结果与实际值之间的相对误差小于0.25%,表明可基于该模型考察在HMO市场结构影响下的美国医疗费用.     

基于SFA和Malmquist方法的公共部门效率区域差异及其决定因素分析

利用测量Malmquist生产率指数的SFA方法和BC(1995)模型,分析了中国省级地方政府公共部门效率区域差异及其决定因素,结果显示,省级公共部门技术效率随时间变化存在持续改进趋势,同时也发现居民受教育水平、城镇居民家庭可支配收入、每一公职人员服务人数和政府支出规模对公共部门技术效率有显著正影响,而人口密度和人均行政管理费支出对公共部门技术效率有显著负影响.     

公共资产预算配置的拍卖机制设计

本文探讨在财政部门作为政府出资人的框架下,通过设计一套可行的竞标机制来提高预算项目的配置效率。结合运用机制设计理论和拍卖理论与方法建立竞标机制设计模型,在保证竞标预算单位参与投标和真实显示自己效率的条件下最大化拍卖者——政府出资人的期望效用,并通过求解此模型得到最优的竞标机制。鉴于最优机制在形式上的复杂性,给出了第二高得分拍卖这种最优拍卖方式。最后对公共资产配置预算的规则如何确定才能减少效率损失进行了归纳。     

基于企业生产能力的我国军品市场经济优化模型研究

结合我国"军民结合寓军于民"新形势,分析我国军民市场在完全垄断、寡头垄断、垄断竞争三种非完全竞争军品市场中政府和具备军品生产资格的参与企业之间的行为,并利用运筹学和数学规划理论建立了基于企业生产能力的经济优化行为模型,为探讨在军费总额限定条件下政府追求社会产值和企业追求利润最大化提供了新的经济学分析方法.     

科技创新投入影响经济增长的内在机制——基于中国实际经济运行的经验证据(1978-2005)

科技创新是促进经济增长的源泉和转变经济增长方式的关键,那么科技创新投入对经济增长是否存在积极影响?本文运用时间序列方法,在4变量系统内检验了我国科技创新投入与经济增长的内在关系,实证结果显示:①经济增长和固定资本投资、劳动投入、科技创新投入之间存在着长期均衡的协整关系;②科技创新投入对经济增长具有Granger影响,科技创新投入增加会导致经济增长;③在1-15年滞后期内,科技创新投入对经济增长的短期冲击为正向效应。在实证基础上,进一步分析了科技创新投入对经济增长的作用机理和路径依赖,并由此得出相关结论与政策建议。     

养老保险与经济增长关系的研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

虽然我国经济在稳定发展,但是人口老龄化问题也在不断的加剧,如何处理好养老保险和经济发展之间的关系就显得尤为重要。利用内蒙古自治区2002到2016年的相关数据,构建VAR模型,运用方差分解和脉冲响应对二者之间的关系进行深入分析,为我国应对老龄化问题提供理论参考,能够切实解决老人的养老问题。结果表明:养老保险和经济增长二者之间相互影响且持续时间较长,但养老保险的参保人数、收入和支出与就经济增长相互之间的影响程度不同,经济增长对于参保人数的影响要大于参保人数对经济增长的影响,而养老保险的收入与支出对经济增长的影响则更大。     

Population waves and fertility fluctuations: social security implications.

Based on Canadian data, this study discusses some of the methods which incorporate fertility variations into population forecasts. In particular, the relative shifts in the age structure which can have profound social and economic consequences on the context of a pay as you go national security system are analyzed. In terms of long range economic and social planning, oscillating growth projections are much more difficult to handle and plan for than the constant growth rates predicted by stable population theories. The impact of different types of fertility fluctuations are analyzed in terms of evolution of the dependency ration over time; the dependency ratio corresponds to the ratio of the retired lives of a population to those of the working age population. From the viewpoint of a social security system, the evolution of the dependency ratio over time is of particular importance. Other areas explored are: 1) cohort fertility variations; 2) periodic fertility fluctuations; and 3) limit cycle behaviors. In the context of a national social security plan, one possible response to the population projections would be to maintain the year by year level of the RA ratio (ratio of the population aged 65 and over to the population aged between 20 and 65) at its equilibrium value of 27.6% by adjusting the retirement age appropriately.     

Promoting Participation in the Health Science Professions: Summer Programs for Talented,Underrepresented Students in Science

Across the nation, there remains a critical shortage of health professionals and of students choosing to pursue health-related careers. This problem is particularly pervasive in the state of Oklahoma. In response to this need, faculty, administrators, and health professionals on two campuses of the University of Oklahoma have, collaborated over the past 9 years to develop and deliver summer academy programs in the health sciences professions for talented students and primarily for students who are underrepresented in science. These summer academy programs feature classroom and hands-on clinical practicum experiences to introduce students to the rigors of academic preparation required for the health profession careers and the opportunity to be involved in direct patient care and laboratory research experiences. The academies have the goal of ensuring that bright, talented young students are aware of career options in health care delivery, health care education, and health care research arenas. A secondary objective is to spark student interest in pursuing higher education in the health sciences and in pursuing health-related careers. The academy goals complement the state and national ongoing efforts to attract top scholars and meet health work force needs.     

Contemplating Criteria for Science Education Reform: The Case of the Olympia School District

Proposals for current reform in science education elaborate national standards and a plethora of state-level interpretations commonly labeled as curriculum or learning frameworks. The purpose of this case study was to examine the dynamics of the science curriculum reform process in one of the first school districts to use the Georgia Framework for Learning Mathematics and Science as a basis for their reform initiative. The paper describes the ways in which members of the Olympia School District's Science Curriculum Committee participated in the science curriculum reform process, as well as their personal beliefs about the criteria needed for reform to take place. The results highlight the nature of metaphors guiding reform efforts; the influence of social, historical, economic, and political forces on the reform process; the use of local and professional languages as discourses for communicating about reform; and the complex power relations that influence the micropolitics of reform in the Olympia School District. This study has important implications for other teachers and school districts engaged in standards-based science curriculum reform. It points to the need for reform to include reflection and analysis of the role of teachers in the reform process and consideration of the purpose of science education reform in society.