一道高等数学题的多种解法

高等数学是理工科院校一门十分重要的公共基础课,在培养和训练学生的创新能力方面起着重要的作用.在高等数学的教学中应注重学生数学思维能力的培养和发散思维的训练.发散思维是创新思维的主要形式之一,而一题多解是发散思维的具体表现.利用导数求极值法,变量代换法,等价变换法,不等式法等给出一道高等数学题的九种解法,以此引导学生去深入探索问题,培养学生的创新思维能力.     

从函数单调性的角度看一类“不等式恒成立”问题的等价转化

近几年来,随着高考命题改革的逐步深入,全国以及各省、市自主命题的高考试题不断有所创新．这种创新一方面体现在更加重视对学生能力的考查,另一方面体现在更加注重对数学思想和数学知识应用的考查．其中,以高等数学知识为背景的试题,设计形式新颖,成为高考试卷中一道亮丽的风景线．这些试题的设计来源于高等数学,但解决的方法却是高中数学所学的初等数学知识,     

一道定积分例题的另解

以同济大学应用数学系编的《高等数学》第六版一道例题为例,给出其另一种解法,并以此方法解决一类定积分的计算,既丰富了学生的知识,又开拓了学生的思维,这有利于高等数学教材的建设.     

破解抽象函数问题“六法”

纵观近几年的数学高考题，命题者似乎偏向于考察一些有着高等数学背景的题目．这些题目往往精心设计、新颖独特，对学生思维的抽象性、逻辑性，以及学生理解力、自学能力都提出了更高的要求：应该说对于选拔高素质的数学人才，进一步学习高等数学知识是十分必要的．同时，为老师们的教学也提供了导向作用．下面，笔者想结合2006年广东省数学高考最后一道压轴题（20题）谈谈它的高等数学背景以及对第三问解法的质疑．     

从一道解错了的积分题说起

从一道解错了的积分题说起龚冬保（西安交通大学）“高等数学解析大全”（陆子芬主编，辽宁科学技术出版社出版）一书中第六章有一道题解法有问题，特提出来于下。ｌ．原题及解法摘要。原题号６．４０Ｐ３３２－－Ｐ３３３．设／（ｘ）在【ａ，叶上连续，在（ａ，ｂ）内具...     

一道向量题的多解与推广

向量题一般难度不会太大且有多种解法,关键看是否能换不同的角度思考．有时候一道向量题做完了,我们还可以从中找到一螳规律．如下面的一道题：     

一道面积题的求解方法

对同济大学编《高等数学》一道面积题的一般解法进行了分析，并给出其三种解法，以作比较．     

几何与代数的融汇——南昌市1999年中(会)考试题评析

几何与代数知识与方法的融汇是数形结合法集中体现．在考试题中多出这方面的试题能综合考查学生的能力．今年江西省南昌市的考题中的压轴题２６题,充分体现了几何与代数方法的融汇,是一道综合考查学生数学方法的好题．本题稍一看似乎是一个解析几何的问题,如从高中数学知识、方法来盾,纯粹用解析法可解决,但在初中阶段,要解决本题,则要求三角形、圆,直角坐标方面知识的综合应用,本题小巧,条件简单,要求回答的问题有三个,是一道考查几何与代数融汇的好题,本题解法也多．第（１）问,首先要回到定义（坐标概念）,这往往可深入到…     

一道数列竞赛题的多种解法与命题思路探析

<正>数学命题往往"无巧不成题",其中一种命题方法就是利用高等数学的初等成分或特例命题,高考、自主招生和数学竞赛常常以这种方法命题.本文主要讨论陶平生教授命制的一道数列试题,探究该题的多种解法,品味该题的命制过程与思路.1试题呈现与试题分析试题(第十届中国东南地区数学奥林匹     

让学生在任意与存在之中构建关系和演绎推理——对一道高考题的变式探究

由于不等式、方程、函数是交织在一起的有机整体,同时在任意与存在之间构建不等式问题又与高等数学联系紧密,所以不等式问题的解决往往体现着多种数学思想方法的应用,是考查学生综合应用能力、思维灵活性和创新性的有效载体,因此这类问题一直是高考命题的热点和重点,而在任意与存在之间构建相等与不等关系,更让学生感到无所适从,本文从一道高考题出发,通过适当变式,探求关系式的建立。     

The Effectiveness of Substituting Locally Available Materials in Teaching Chemistry in Nigeria: A Case for Science Education in Developing Countries

This article investigates the effectiveness of improvising locally available materials for teaching chemistry in Nigeria, as a case for a culture of improvisation for teaching the sciences in developing countries. The scarcity and cost of imported materials for teaching science has remained a major challenge to teaching sciences in developing countries, and the fact that many teachers from developing countries tend to wait for these imported materials before they can teach continues to present a set‐back for science education in many non‐Western nations. In this experimental study, second year students in 3 Nigerian Senior Secondary schools in the state of Lagos, Nigeria, were sampled to determine whether there will be a significant difference in their performance when taught using imported materials compared to when taught using local substitutes. The study reveals that whereas their attitudes towards local materials may not be as positive as their attitudes towards imported materials, their performances did not differ when taught with either, as long as they were unaware of which material was local or imported. The result of this study proved that science education will flourish if teachers in Nigeria, and probably other developing countries, can begin to improvise local materials for science instruction.     

Scientists and mathematicians collaborating to build quantitative skills in undergraduate science

There is general agreement in Australia and beyond that quantitative skills (QS) in science, the ability to use mathematics and statistics in context, are important for science. QS in the life sciences are becoming ever more important as these sciences become more quantitative. Consequently, undergraduates studying the life sciences require better QS than at any time in the past. Ways in which mathematics and science academics are working together to build the QS of their undergraduate science students, together with the mathematics and statistics needed or desired in a science degree, are reported on in this paper. The emphasis is on the life sciences. Forty-eight academics from eleven Australian and two USA universities were interviewed about QS in science. Information is presented on: what QS academics want in their undergraduate science students; who is teaching QS; how mathematics and science departments work together to build QS in science and implications for building the QS of science students. This information leads to suggestions for improvement in QS within a science curriculum.     

Backward Transfer: An Investigation of the Influence of Quadratic Functions Instruction on Students’ Prior Ways of Reasoning About Linear Functions

The transfer of learning has been the subject of much scientific inquiry in the social sciences. However, mathematics education research has given little attention to a subclass called backward transfer, which is when learning about new concepts influences learners’ ways of reasoning about previously encountered concepts. This study examined when and in what ways a quadratic functions instructional unit productively influenced middle school students’ ways of reasoning about linear functions. Results showed that students’ ways of reasoning about essential properties of linear functions were productively influenced. Furthermore, conceptual connections were identified linking changes in students’ ways of reasoning about linear functions to what they learned during the quadratics unit. These findings suggest that it is possible to productively influence learners’ ways of reasoning about previously learned-about concepts in significant respects while teaching them new material and that backward transfer offers promise as a new focus for mathematics education research.     

实施院内分级教学 全面提高教学质量——《高等数学》课程实施分级教学的理论与实践

分级教学是基于素质教育理念下的一种全新的教学模式,也是一种面向全体、注重差异、因材施教的一种教学策略,它具有差异性、层次性、针对性、实效性和发展性等五大特征;依据教育教学理论与实践,分级教学要求大纲分级、目标分级、学生分级、授课分级、作业分级、辅导分级、考核分级和评价分级.二年来,我院《高等数学》课程实施了院内分级教学,由于措施得力,方法得当,初见成效,取得了一些可资借鉴的宝贵经验.     

分层教学的Bayes分析

对学校分层教学进行了初步探索 ,提出了分层分班的 Bayes决策 ,介绍了分层分班方法 ,获得了一些结论 ,并完成了对这些结论的证明 ,从理论上论述了分层教学是实施“因材施教”教育原则和素质教育的有效途径 ,给出了应用实例 .     

The Science Teaching Self‐Efficacy of Prospective Elementary Education Majors Enrolled in Introductory Geology Lab Sections

This study examined prospective elementary education majors' science teaching self‐efficacy while they were enrolled in an introductory geology lab course for elementary education majors. The Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument Form B (STEBI‐B) was administered during the first and last lab class sessions. Additionally, students were asked an open‐ended question to describe their experience in the education majors' geology lab. The results of the STEBI‐B were analyzed using paired t‐tests to determine whether the students changed their personal science teaching efficacy (PSTE) and science teaching outcome expectancy (STOE). Results of this study indicate a significant increase in PSTE. No significant differences were found in STOE. This study suggests that science content courses designed for education majors may lead to a positive change in science teaching self‐efficacy and has implications for teacher educators in preparing science content courses for their teacher preparation program.     

对《高等数学》教材建设的一点看法

在高等教育进入到大众化教育时期,建设《高等数学》教材,必须以学生为本.要编写有利于提高学生学习兴趣、启发学生思考和培养学生的能力、适合不同层次学生需要和以后实际需要的教材.     

Preservice Teachers of High School Mathematics: Success,Failure, and Persistence in the Face of Mathematical Challenges

The goal of this study was to identify variables related to success and resilience in an undergraduate, high school mathematics teacher education program. Over a five‐year period, we tracked the academic performance and achievement motivation goals of multiple cohorts of students. Students who successfully completed their degrees had higher grade point average (GPAs) upon entering the program, earned higher grades in their first college mathematics course, and failed fewer courses than students who left the program or university. Learning and performance motivational goals did not predict success in the program. Performance goals decreased over time. Nearly half the successful students repeated one or more mathematics courses. Ten students completed their degrees, obtained a teaching license, and are teaching despite the need for multiple repetitions of the same mathematics courses. These persistent students did not differ from their peers in motivational goals. Our results suggest that although students with higher GPAs and initial mathematics grades were more likely to complete the program, students who experienced challenges in mathematics courses were able to succeed. We discuss the implications of these results for recruiting, advising, and retention of students in mathematics education programs.     

科学思维、科学方法在概率论与数理统计教学中的应用研究

根据我们的教学体会,讨论了在高等教育成为大众化教育的今天,在阐述科学思维、科学方法与数学思维、数学方法之间关系的基础上,如何在概率论与数理统计教学中培养大学生的科学思维和科学方法,并结合实例进行了探讨.     

教师课堂教学质量的对应分析

教师课堂教学质量的优劣,直接影响着学生的学习效果和人才培养的质量,关系到学校的办学水平.科学分析研究教师的课堂教学质量,优化教学过程,实现教师和学生的全面发展,对提高整个高等教育的质量意义重大.以重庆第二师范学院经济与工商管理系为例,运用对应分析方法,分析了不同教师课堂教学的现状和特点,找出了影响课堂教学质量的因素,并针对各个不同类型的教师组提出分类引导,及时改进教学工作,提高课堂教学质量的建议.