中等收入定位与人口度量模型研究

我国正处于经济转型期和收入分配格局的重要调整期,监控收入分配格局的变化具有重大意义.首先,针对中等收入定位与人口度量模型研究,构建新的洛伦兹模型L(p)=[1-(1-p)~αe~(-βp)][1-(1-p)~γe~(ηp)],与现有的经典洛伦兹模型做比较,拟合精度最优.其次,针对收入空间法和入口空间法的缺陷,给出相应解决对策.最后,提出中等收入人群的新定义,在此基础上构建了中等人口收入效用指数模型.     

一种收入分配洛伦兹曲线拟合的线性模型研究

洛伦兹曲线是用来描述社会收入分配状况的一种曲线,能够精确有效地拟合洛伦兹曲线是进行收入分配定量分析的基础.基于洛伦兹曲线的经济学规律和数学特点,提出了一种新的指数函数多项式拟合洛伦兹曲线的线性模型,并讨论研究模型的矩阵广义逆和线性最小二乘求解方法.通过与5个典型的非线性拟合模型的实例对比分析,验证了方法具有收敛稳定、精度高、对噪声不敏感的优点.     

基于凹凸组合的一类洛伦兹曲线模型

为了统计和分析一个国家和地区的收入分配情况,经济学界往往通过入户调查获得家庭收入与消费等数据,采用洛伦兹曲线模型来进行数据拟合.洛伦兹曲线模型拟合效果的好坏,直接影响着收入分配的描述.本文构建了一类凹凸组合的洛伦兹曲线模型,并针对19个国家的收入分配数据进行了实证分析.结果显示该模型具有较好的拟合效果,其基尼系数能较好地描述收入分配现状,对反映和监测居民之间的贫富差距具有重要意义.     

改进的收入空间法及其在中等收入人口度量中的应用

提出了衡量社会分配公平的局部公平指数D(p)=((L'(p))/((L"(p))),给出了其确切的经济学解释.同时定义了分别对应穷人和富人的Gini指数G_1,G_2,在此基础上建立了改进的收入空间法,用于确定中等收入人口范围:[(1-1/2D(1-G_1))m,(1+1/2D(1-G_2))m],其中m为中位收入.模型对2013全国研究生数学建模竞赛E题的收入分配数据进行定量研究,得出的结论与经济学的原理"两极分化时中等收入人口降低,中问隆起时中等收入人口升高"相符合,这体现了模型的准确性与可靠性.     

基于对数组合的一类洛伦兹曲线模型

构造了一类基于对数函数的凹凸组合(凹函数和凸函数乘积形式)的洛伦兹曲线模型,并针对19个国家的收入分配数据进行数值实验.实验结果表明,该类模型具有较好的拟合效果.     

Sarabia洛伦兹曲线模型的推广

本文推广了文献(Sarabia J,Castillo E,Slottje D J.An ordered family of Lorenz curves[J].Journal of Econometrics,1999,91:43-60)中提出的有关洛伦兹曲线模型构造方面的一个定理,在此基础上,对其中提出的一种洛伦兹曲线模型进行了改进和推广,最后的数值试验说明新模型拟合效果远优于前人提出的模型.     

第十届研究生全国研究生数学建模竞赛——赛题“中等收入定位与人口度量模型研究”述评

对第十届全国研究生数学模型竞赛中赛题之一"中等收入定位与人口度量模型研究"的有关情况进行简要述评,认为达到了本赛题的设计目标,对培养参赛研究生思考重大经济、社会问题方面有重要意义.     

广西经济增长、金融发展与城乡收入差距的实证研究

探讨了经济增长及金融发展与城乡收入差距之间互动影响,刻画了三者间的逻辑关系,并基于广西1990-2017年的统计数据,运用状态空间模型及卡尔曼滤波算法对三者间动态关系进行了实证分析.结果显示:经济增长对城乡收入差距呈现倒U型曲线形态,而金融发展则显示出具有不断缩小城乡收入差距的趋势.     

技术创新对城乡居民收入差距的影响研究——基于西部民族集聚区经验分析

基于新经济增长理论构建技术创新对城乡居民收入差距的多元分析框架,借助面板分位数回归模型研究技术创新水平、城镇化水平、人口变动、政府财政对城乡收入差距的影响.在实证过程中,采用核密度和空间分析软件揭示近年来新疆城乡收入差距时空特征;借助分位数回归模型探讨技术创新、城镇化、人口增长和政府财政支出等的不同水平对城乡收入差距的影响.实证结果显示:对于西部少数民族聚居区,以城市创新驱动发展、农业劳动生产率和农业机械化水平提升为特征的新型城镇化发展对缩小城乡收入差距具有显著性作用,同时过高的农村人口增长率不利于城乡收入差距的缩小,政府财政支出没有表现出缩小城乡收入差距的显著作用,此外,这些因素对城乡收入差距的影响在其不同水平对城乡收入差距的影响是不同的.     

基于GWR模型的河南省人口分布的影响因素研究

近年来,人口作为一种基本信息已成为目前研究的热点问题之一.人口分布可能受自然,经济,社会,政治等诸多因素的影响.因此,人口分布的研究对于了解不同类型区域的人口资源与经济发展之间的关系,因地制宜地发展本地经济具有重大意义.课题以河南省统计年鉴数据为基础,研究河南省人口分布的影响因素.具体来说,首先利用Surfer软件的可视化技术研究了河南省人口数量的空间变化特征.其次,利用近年来发展起来的地理加权回归模型对河南省人口分布的影响因素进行了定量分析.通过上述分析提取有效信息,从而为制定合理的人口政策和实现人口的有序流动提供必要的理论支持.     

Exponential Decay of Correlations for Nonuniformly Hyperbolic Flows with a $${{C^{1+\alpha}}}$$ Stable Foliation,Including the Classical Lorenz Attractor

We prove exponential decay of correlations for a class of \({C^{1+\alpha}}\) uniformly hyperbolic skew product flows, subject to a uniform nonintegrability condition. In particular, this establishes exponential decay of correlations for an open set of geometric Lorenz attractors. As a special case, we show that the classical Lorenz attractor is robustly exponentially mixing.     

Robust control of chaos in Lorenz systems subject to mismatch uncertainties

This paper is concerned with robust control for a class of Lorenz systems subject to mismatch uncertainties. It is implemented by using variable structure control. The proposed variable structure controller ensures the occurrence of the sliding mode for the error dynamics. It is guaranteed that under the proposed control law, uncertain Lorenz systems can drive the system state exactly to some specific points or in a predictable neighborhood of arbitrary desired points in the state space even with mismatch uncertainties, which is not addressed in the literature.     

Localization of invariant compacta of autonomous systems

A class of problems that may be characterized as localization problems are becoming increasingly popular in qualitative theory of differential equations [1–15]. The specific formulations differ, but geometrically all search for phase space subsets with desired properties, e.g., contain certain solutions of the system of differential equations. Such problems include construction of positive invariant sets that contain certain separatrices of the Lorenz system [1], analysis of asymptotic behavior of solutions of the Lorenz system and determination of sets that contain the Lorenz attractor [2–5, 14], as well as determination of sets containing all periodic trajectories [6–13], separatrices, and other trajectories [10, 11]. Such sets may be naturally called localizing sets and it is obviously interesting to study methods and results that produce exact or nearly exact localizing sets for each phase space structure. In this article we focus on localization of the invariant compact sets in the phase space of a differential equation system, specifically the problem of finding phase space subsets that contain all the invariant compacta of the system. Invariant compact sets are equilibria, periodic trajectories, separatrices, limit cycles, invariant tori, and other sets and their finite unions. These sets and their properties largely determine the phase space structure and the qualitative behavior of solutions of the differential equation system.     

Minimizing Sequences in Class-Qualified Deposit Problems

We study multidimensional control problems involving first-order partial differential equations. To ensure the existence of sufficiently regular multipliers (from the space ) in the first-order necessary optimality conditions, some restrictions of the feasible domain have to be added. In particular, we investigate ‘class-qualified’ problems where the weak derivatives of can be represented within a Baire function class. In the present paper, we prove conditions under which the original and the modified problems possess the same minimal values.     

Controlling the Lorenz system: combining global and local schemes

The Lorenz equations are one of the best-known and analyzed systems exhibiting chaotic behavior. In this paper, a new control scheme for the Lorenz system combining local and global techniques is introduced. This scheme is based on a feedback law which is only applied in a bounded state space region of control (SSRC). The SSRC is determined by the enclosure of the Lorenz attractor.     

Lyapunov dimension formulas for Lorenz-like systems

A general formula for the Lyapunov dimension of attractors of the Lorenz and Tigan systems is derived in the case when all their equilibrium states are hyperbolic. Lyapunov dimension formulas are obtained for the classical Lorentz parameters σ > 0, r > 1, and b ∈ (0, 4]. The problems of deriving analytical dimension formulas for the Chen and Lu systems and for the global stability of the Lorenz system are formulated.     

Nonoccurrence of the Lavrentiev phenomenon for many nonconvex constrained variational problems

In this paper we study nonoccurrence of the Lavrentiev phenomenon for a large class of nonconvex nonautonomous constrained variational problems. A state variable belongs to a convex subset of a Banach space with nonempty interior. Integrands belong to a complete metric space of functions which satisfy a growth condition common in the literature and are Lipschitzian on bounded sets. In our previous work Zaslavski (Ann. Inst. H. Poincare, Anal. non lineare, 2006) we considered a class of nonconstrained variational problems with integrands belonging to a subset and showed that for any such integrand the infimum on the full admissible class is equal to the infimum on a subclass of Lipschitzian functions with the same Lipschitzian constant. In the present paper we show that if an integrand f belongs to , then this property also holds for any integrand which is contained in a certain neighborhood of f in . Using this result we establish nonoccurrence of the Lavrentiev phenomenon for most elements of in the sense of Baire category.      

Symplectic structure and reduction on the space of Riemannian metrics

The space of Riemannian metrics ${\mathfrak{Met}}MThe space of Riemannian metrics on an oriented compact manifold M of dimension n = 4k − 2 is endowed with a canonical presymplectic structure and a moment map [cf. Ferreiro Pérez and Mu?oz Masqué, Preprint (arXiv: math.DG/0507075)]. The fiber is characterized as the space of solutions to a differential equation. In dimension 2, the symplectic reduction of is analyzed and the construction presented here is compared with that introduced in Donaldson (Fields Medallists’ Lectures, 1997) and Fujiki (Sugaku Expositions 5(2):173–191, 1992). Finally, conformally flat metrics and, for n = 6, K?hler metrics of constant holomorphic sectional curvature are shown to be contained in .      

On the vectorspace of the M-congruences

Let M be a minimal surface of the three dimensional Euclidean space. The set V of the rectilinear congruences, each of whom has M as middle envelope, is an infinite dimensional real vectorspace. We introduce an inner product in V. The length of ${S \in M}$ is a Dirichlet integral.     

Modal Logics of Stone Spaces

Interpreting modal diamond as the closure of a topological space, we axiomatize the modal logic of each metrizable Stone space and of each extremally disconnected Stone space. As a corollary, we obtain that S4.1 is the modal logic of the Pelczynski compactification of the natural numbers and S4.2 is the modal logic of the Gleason cover of the Cantor space. As another corollary, we obtain an axiomatization of the intermediate logic of each metrizable Stone space and of each extremally disconnected Stone space. In particular, we obtain that the intuitionistic logic is the logic of the Pelczynski compactification of the natural numbers and the logic of weak excluded middle is the logic of the Gleason cover of the Cantor space.