供应链系统转变为供需网系统研究

为帮助传统企业顺利转变为供需网企业,提出了供应链系统向供需网系统的转变研究.该研究利用企业节点数据化,通过企业节点的改造及供应链节点与供需网的连接操作达到系统转变的目的.在sc节点数据结构及自身系统功能模块改造的基础上,着重思考了供应链节点连入SDN中的算法思想.通过非线性择优连接方法避免了造成系统易攻击性的枢纽节点的出现.给出了连接算法流程,并以一个示例演示了此连接算法,从中也验证了非线性择优连接的有效性.     

线性需求供应链中供应商参股制造商的定价与协调

企业之间通过相互参股组成股权联盟提升收益和竞争力来应对多变的环境成为企业股权改革的趋势。在实际管理实践中,供应链各节点企业通过参股战略以改善各自绩效从而提升供应链效率。本文考虑在线性市场需求环境下,构建了由供应商A与制造商B组成的二级供应链,供应商A对制造商B实施参股战略的供应链模型。引入Stackelberg博弈模型,分别讨论分散式与集中式情况下各节点企业的最优决策。研究表明,供应商A对制造商B参股不能消除供应链双重边际效应,基于此设计了收益共享和线性转移支付的协调契约。该契约通过调整批发价使供应商A与制造商B以任意比例分配系统利润,使供应链完美协调。     

随机需求下闭环供应链协调的收入费用共享契约研究

从供应链的角度,可持续发展的基本要求就是由"资源—生产—消费—废弃"的单向开环供应链到"资源—生产—消费-再生资源"闭环反馈式供应链的转化,基于废旧产品再制造的闭环供应链问题近几年引起学者的广泛重视。本文研究了随机市场需求下,制造商生产产品,零售商在销售产品的同时负责从消费者手中回收费旧品,制造商将回收的费旧品进行再制造后重新进入销售渠道的二阶闭环供应链,运用Stackelberg博弈理论分析了闭环供应链节点企业的决策问题,在分析传统收入共享契约的基础上提出了收入费用共享契约实现了闭环供应链的协调问题,最后通过一个实际算例进行了论证。     

灰色市场条件下基于收益共享契约的供应链协调

考虑灰色市场条件下由一个制造商和两个分别处于不同国家的分销商构成的供应链,分别分析了完全分散化、部分分散化和集中化决策下的供应链定价策略。考察了各种决策模式下,消费者对灰市产品价值的认可程度对制造商定价策略的影响。通过比较得出分散化和部分分散化决策下的最优定价策略偏离集中化决策下的最优定价策略。并以供应链集中化决策下的利润为基准,通过引入收益共享契约针对灰色市场条件下的完全分散化和部分分散化供应链进行协调,并给出保证供应链节点企业达到帕累托改进的收益分享系数取值范围。最后通过数值分析给出了消费者对灰市产品价值的认可程度与供应链利润、灰市产品销量及收益分享系数之间的关系。     

Fair transfer price and inventory holding policies in two-enterprise supply chains

A key issue in supply chain optimisation involving multiple enterprises is the determination of policies that optimise the performance of the supply chain as a whole while ensuring adequate rewards for each participant.In this paper, we present a mathematical programming formulation for fair, optimised profit distribution between echelons in a general multi-enterprise supply chain. The proposed formulation is based on an approach applying the Nash bargaining solution for finding optimal multi-partner profit levels subject to given minimum echelon profit requirements.The overall problem is first formulated as a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model. A spatial and binary variable branch-and-bound algorithm is then applied to the above problem based on exact and approximate linearisations of the bilinear terms involved in the model, while at each node of the search tree, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem is solved. The solution comprises inter-firm transfer prices, production and inventory levels, flows of products between echelons, and sales profiles.The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a number of illustrative examples based on industrial processes.     

基于贝叶斯网络的供应链风险模糊综合评判

由于导致供应链失效的风险因素具有模糊性、复杂性,增加了供应链风险分析难度,一般的风险分析方法不能很好地评判供应链风险.文章提出了基于贝叶斯网络的供应链风险模糊综合评判方法,以某企业供应链风险为例,通过构建供应链失效风险的贝叶斯网络对风险事件发生概率进行线性推理,再采用模糊综合评判方法求出供应链风险中主要风险事件及总风险事件的风险等级,为该企业及早调控供应链提供依据.本评判方法可为企业供应链风险及其他类似风险的预防和控制提供参考依据.     

农产品供应链质量安全中区块链技术投入的演化分析

针对农产品质量安全的不确定性,及引入区块链技术能提高农产品质量安全溯源信息的可信度,建立了基于区块链技术投入的农产品供应商与加工者的演化博弈模型,并对模型的动力系统和策略稳定性进行了分析和系统模拟仿真。研究发现：企业进行区块链技术投入的策略与其投入后市场需求增加率有直接关系,随着市场需求增加率的变化,系统出现多种演化稳定均衡。政府的补贴机制,能解决企业进行区块链技术投入中存在的“搭便车”问题;促使供应链的成员企业均进行区块链技术投入。研究结果对政府策略的制定和企业进行区块链技术投入决策具有一定的启示。     

Research on a scheduling mechanism in a complex system based on TOC

Under the condition where there is no seasonal demand fluctuation, short life cycle product supply chain should confront the market environment such as the decreasing of product value, the launch of substitutes and the appearance of competitors’ similar products, and the supply chain will become a very complex system. In this paper, the authors consider a TOC-based scheduling mechanism in this complex supply chain system. under the constant total production cost, it is more important to improve the availability of the wanted product in order to enhance the overall supply chain competitiveness so to obtain more effective output(profit rate) for the supply chain in a long period. Especially we try to apply the SDBR concept into a schedule mechanism in a particular supply chain system, and use numerical analysis to test the efficiency of the proposed method.     

存货质押融资模式下的供应链协调

针对供应商、零售商和银行组成的供应链金融系统,研究了存货质押融资模式下的供应链协调。零售商作为中小企业,资金有限,需要向银行申请贷款,然而零售商信用较低难以获得融资。供应商作为供应链的核心企业,采用含有回购价格和回购比例的回购契约为零售商提供担保,使得零售商融资得以实现。分析了不确定需求下供应链金融系统,供应链以及零售商的最优决策,给出了融资情况下供应链协调的条件,指出了在供应链协调情况下批发价格和回购策略对供应链收益分配的影响,说明了回购的作用:一方面使零售商易于获得银行融资,另一方面使供应链协调得以实现,指出了质押率、贷款利率和零售商自有资金等参数对最优决策的影响。数值算例验证了理论分析结果。     

低碳供应链纵向减排合作下的政府补贴策略

为了研究低碳供应链减排合作的政府补贴问题,分别构建了在纳什博弈、斯塔克尔伯格博弈和供应链集中决策三种不同的博弈关系下,政府对制造商和零售商合作减排投入进行补贴的博弈模型。分析了企业的最优减排成本投入和政府的最优补贴率,并进一步讨论了政府补贴行为和企业选择减排合作行为之间的互动博弈。研究显示:政府提供的减排补贴和企业的收益随着供应链上下游合作的紧密程度不同而不同,在纳什博弈下最高,在集中决策下最低,斯塔克尔伯格博弈下介于两者之间。比较了力量不对等供应链中企业分别处于领导者和跟随者时获得的政府补贴的差异。同时在政府补贴行为和供应链企业合作行为的交互博弈中,政府的最优策略是不对任何一方实行减排补贴。     

基于IGA的供应链库存成本优化研究

随着市场竞争的加剧,企业之间的竞争已经演变为了供应链之间的竞争.传统的库存管理主要侧重于单个企业的库存最优,而供应链环境下的库存管理需要最大程度地实现供应链的库存整体最优.本文分析了供应链环境下的库存成本结构和供应链内成本,在此基础上,建立了多个供应商、一个核心制造企业、多个分销商的供应链库存成本模型,在分析免疫遗传算法(IGA)原理的基础上,详细说明基于免疫遗传算法的供应链库存成本模型的求解方法,最后通过算例仿真验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于P-SVM的供应链企业可靠性预警研究

供应链企业可靠性是供应链可靠性的重要问题之一.在国内外研究文献综述基础上提出了供应链企业节点可靠性的初步预警指标.而后以此为基础,利用P-SVM方法完成了指标体系的构建及供应链企业可靠性预警.     

Supply chain network operations management of a blood banking system with cost and risk minimization

Blood service operations are a key component of the healthcare system all over the world and yet the modeling and the analysis of such systems from a complete supply chain network optimization perspective have been lacking due to their associated unique challenges. In this paper, we develop a generalized network optimization model for the complex supply chain of human blood, which is a life-saving, perishable product. In particular, we consider a regionalized blood banking system consisting of collection sites, testing and processing facilities, storage facilities, distribution centers, as well as points of demand, which, typically, include hospitals. Our multicriteria system-optimization approach on generalized networks with arc multipliers captures many of the critical issues associated with blood supply chains such as the determination of the optimal allocations, and the induced supply-side risk, as well as the induced cost of discarding the waste, while satisfying the uncertain demands as closely as possible. The framework that we present is also applicable, with appropriate modifications, to the optimization of other supply chains of perishable products.     

一个供应链系统的可靠性模型的适定性分析

供应链系统是一个复杂的动态系统,许多影响因素的存在,使得供应链系统具有强烈的随机性,从而直接影响供应链系统的可靠性,我们通过分析供应链系统的状态之间的转移关系,引入增补变量法,用偏微分方程组建立了供应链系统的可靠性模型,并对该模型系统解的存在唯一性进行了讨论和证明.     

基于技术创新的资金约束供应链融资策略分析

新兴技术进入竞争市场时,供应链成员往往存在资金约束,为了尽早占据市场份额、获得更高的利润流,上下游企业有意愿进行供应链的内外部融资。文章对上游企业存在资金约束、下游核心企业资金充裕的供应链融资策略进行决策分析。研究表明:上下游的融资策略会使上游企业得到帕累托改进,且随上游企业自有资金的增大,下游企业的利率阈值逐渐减小;存在最优融资利率使得下游企业的期望利润达到最大。在上下游企业财务不透明的前提下,存在下游企业的融资利率区间使上游企业有隐藏真实资金状况以期获得更低融资利率的动机,文章基于博弈论的信息甄别模型给出了相应的激励合同对上游企业的期望利润进行修正,诱使上游企业提供真实的资金状况。     

Complexity analysis of dynamic noncooperative game models for closed-loop supply chain with product recovery

In this paper, we consider a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with product recovery, which is composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. The retailer is in charge of recollecting and the manufacturer is responsible for product recovery. The system can be regarded as a coupling dynamics of the forward and reverse supply chain. Under different decision criteria, two noncooperative game models: Stackelberg game model and peer-to-peer game model are developed. The dynamic phenomena, such as the bifurcation, chaos and sensitivity to initial values are analyzed through bifurcation diagrams and the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). The influences of decision parameters on the complex nonlinear dynamics behaviors of the two models are further analyzed by comparing parameter basin plots, and the results show that with the improvement of retailer’s competitive position, the CLSC system will be more easier to enter into chaos.     

An analysis of the structural complexity of supply chain networks

Each enterprise in a supply chain network needs quantitative indicators to analyze and manage its interactions with different business partners in the network. Supply chains exhibit the characteristics of complex systems. In a supply chain network, a large number of firms cooperate simultaneously with many suppliers and customers, and interact through a variety of information and material flows to achieve a balance between supply and demand. However, the complexity of a supply chain is not a simple linear structure where a small change often results in a chain reaction. When supply chain complexity increases, monitoring and managing the interaction between different elements of the chain becomes more difficult. An entropy model based on information theory provides an appropriate means of quantifying the complexity of a supply chain system by delivering information required to describe the state of the system. The entropy measure links uncertainty and complexity so that, as a system grows in uncertainty, it becomes more complex and more information is required to describe and monitor it. In this paper, we propose an entropy-based measure for analyzing the structural complexity in relation to the structure and system uncertainty. The method provides guidelines for estimating the complexity throughout the supply chain structure.     

基于企业环境自我规制的电器电子产品供应链决策与协调

电器电子产品制造商与零部件供应商环境自我规制是供应链获得竞争优势的重要战略,也是实现WEEE源头污染控制的关键。考虑供应商环境自我规制的溢出效应,构建四种不同环境自我规制模式下电器电子产品供应链成员的决策与协调模型,分析供应链成员决策和利润变化。发现分散决策时,制造商与供应商同时进行环境自我规制模式最优,单方企业环境自我规制模式次之,且企业环境自我规制不改变制造商在供应链上的利润优势。单方企业环境自我规制模式下,规制方的利润增量总是小于无规制方。与无环境自我规制模式相比,制造商环境自我规制模式下,供应商存在“敲竹杠”行为。最后,针对供应商和制造商同时进行环境自我规制模型,设计了制造商收益共享契约,激励制造商和供应商提高其环境自我规制水平,实现各企业利润的Pareto改进。     

面向客户定制模式的供应链管理系统优化模型

建立供应链管理系统优化模型是构建高效率供应链以及发挥供应链优势的前提和基础 .本文建立了面向客户定制模式的集成的供应链管理系统优化模型 ,即一个多目标、具有约束的非线性混合规划模型 ,并提出了针对这种模型的求解思路 .通过对模型的仿真求解既可以优化选择供应链系统中涉及的相关协作企业 ,同时优化系统的订货、生产、库存策略 ,对构建高效率供应链管理系统具有重要意义 .     

A flexible and generic approach to dynamic modelling of supply chains

In this paper, we present a new modelling approach for realistic supply chain simulation. The model provides an experimental environment for informed comparison between different supply chain policies. A basic simulation model for a generic node, from which a supply chain network can be built, has been developed using an object-oriented approach. This generic model allows the incorporation of the information and physical systems and decision-making policies used by each node. The object-oriented approach gives the flexibility in specifying the supply chain configuration and operation decisions, and policies. Stochastic simulations are achieved by applying Latin Supercube Sampling to the uncertain variables in descending order of importance, which reduces the number of simulations required. We also present a case study to show that the model is applicable to a real-life situation for dynamic stochastic studies.