Stokes公式的一个注记

利用Stokes公式证明了一个对满足散度为零的向量场的第二型曲面积分可化为其边界封闭曲线的第二型曲线积分来计算的定理.该定理对于满足上述条件向量场的曲面积分,给出了具体转化为曲线积分进行计算的公式,最后利用该公式计算了一个例子.     

基于第二类椭圆积分的椭圆弧长公式变换与应用

以第二类椭圆积分为理论基础,通过推导,将椭圆弧长公式变换为以椭圆离心角、极角等常用角度参数为自变量的第二类椭圆积分的标准形式,建立起椭圆弧长公式与第二类椭圆积分标准形式之间的关系,并分析了椭圆上的弧微分变化规律及椭圆周长与离心率的变化关系.公式反映了椭圆弧长的本质问题即为第二类椭圆积分问题.因此,各类涉及椭圆弧长计算的应用问题,均可化为第二类椭圆的计算问题,应用时直接调用各类编程软件的函数库中的第二类椭圆积分函数,无需复杂编程即可实现椭圆弧长的高精度计算.文章以GPS采用的WGS-84椭球子午线弧长为例进行计算分析,验证了给出的公式及相关分析的正确性及应用价值.     

格林公式的一种力学解释

在学习格林公式时，我们自然要问，格林公式能由什么物理模型推导出来？本文拟就以变力作功这一问题给出格林公式的一种力学解释。·变力治封闭曲线作功设平面上有力场，易知力冲沿封闭的有向曲线L所作的功W，就是在的第二类曲线积分：下面，我们用两种方法计算W的值。为此，要说明以下两个问题。1．将L所围闭区域D分为若干个小区域，每个小区域有其边界曲线，则有下面结论成立：力F（X，y）沿区域D之边界曲线L所作功等于变力了（。，y）沿各个小区域边界曲线作功之和，记作W一】。W。这里将D分成两个区域D；，D。，对上述可加性进行…     

第二类曲面积分的计算方法

针对第二类曲面积分的计算进行探讨,指出计算时可以把曲面方程代入到被积函数中,且可以利用轮换对称性及奇偶性来简化计算,并提出可以利用公式法、高斯公式、两类曲面积分之间的关系及合一投影法四种方法来计算第二类曲面积分.     

类比创新法微课案例——格林公式

以激活思考为出发点,我们考虑第二型曲线积分的物理意义及其与定积分的联系.通过探究牛顿-莱布尼兹公式的数学本质,进而合理猜测,推理得到了格林公式.最后归纳总科学研究问题的重要方法:类比创新法.     

"两类曲线积分之间的联系"中"夹角"与"转角"的差异

一、两类曲线积分之间的联系我们知道第一类曲线积分与第二类曲线积分分别来自不同的物理原型 ,且有着不同的特性 ,但在一定的条件下 ,如在规定了曲线的方向之后 ,仍可以建立二者之间的联系。设 L为从 A到 B的有向光滑曲线弧 ,若以弧长 s为参数 ,于是 :x=x( s) ,y=y( s) ,0≤ s≤ l,其中 l为曲线 L的全长 ,且 A( x( 0 ) ,y( 0 ) ) ,B( x( l) ,y( l) )。曲线 L上每一点的切线方向指向弧长增加的方向。现以 α,β分别表示切线方向向量 t与 x轴和 y轴正向的夹角 ,则在曲线上每一点的切线方向余弦是 dxds=cosα,dyds=cosβ。若 P( x,y) ,Q…     

第二类平面曲线积分的对称性质及其应用

介绍了积分曲线对称情况下第二类平面曲线积分的若干恒等式及其应用     

类比创新法在高斯公式教学中的应用

将类比创新法应用于高斯公式的教学过程中.通过还原公式的发现过程,对牛顿—莱布尼兹公式、格林公式的抽象和推广,提出一个关于第二型曲面积分计算方法的猜想并给出论证,最后引入高斯公式.     

轮换对称性在积分中的应用

在某些积分的计算过程中,若积分区域具备轮换对称性,则可以简化积分的计算过程.本文讨论了利用轮换对称性简化二重积分,三重积分,第一,二类曲线积分,第一,二类曲面积分的计算方法.(以下都在积分存在下予以讨论)     

第二型曲线积分的第二中值定理

引入了定义在曲线上的函数的单调性概念,在此基础上证明了第二型曲线积分的第二中值定理.定积分的第二中值定理是主要结果的简单推论.     

用三个关系式与Mathematica软件求第二类自然数幂和公式

首先介绍三个第二类自然数幂和关系式并对其中的两式给出证明,接着利用这些关系式与数学软件M athem atica4.0,给出求解第二类自然数幂和公式的若干机械计算方法.     

MULTILEVEL AUGMENTATION METHODS FOR SOLVING OPERATOR EQUATIONS

We introduce multilevel augmentation methods for solving operator equations based on direct sum decompositions of the range space of the operator and the solution space of the operator equation and a matrix splitting scheme. We establish a general setting for the analysis of these methods, showing that the methods yield approximate solutions of the same convergence order as the best approximation from the subspace. These augmentation methods allow us to develop fast, accurate and stable nonconventional numerical algorithms for solving operator equations. In particular, for second kind equations, special splitting techniques are proposed to develop such algorithms. These algorithms are then applied to solve the linear systems resulting from matrix compression schemes using wavelet-like functions for solving Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. For this special case, a complete analysis for computational complexity and convergence order is presented. Numerical examples are included to demonstra     

球面上第二类Fredholm积分方程配置方法

球面上第二类 Fredholm积分方程经球坐标变换可化为矩形域 H0 上的问题求解 .用有限元法构造H0 上的插值函数 ,它必须满足在 H0 的左、右两边连续 ,然后用配置方程求方程的近似解     

On global superconvergence of iterated collocation solutions to linear second-kind Volterra integral equations

It is well known that, in contrast to Fredholm integral equations, iterated collocation solutions (based on collocation at the Gauss points) to Volterra integral equations of the second kind exhibit optimal discrete superconvergence only at the mesh points. Here, we show that some degree of global superconvergence is possible on the entire interval.     

含三角函数的一般形式复杂对偶积分方程组的理论解

本文基于Gopson法，进行研究，改进，推广，应用于一般形式，复杂的对偶积分方程组的求解，首先引入函数进行方程组变换，其次引入未知函数的积分变换实现退耦，应用Abel反演变换，使方程组正则化为Fredholm第二类积分方程组，并由此给出对偶积分方程组的一般性解，本文给出的解法和理论解，可供求解复杂的数学，物理，力学中的混合边值问题参考，选用．同时也提供求解复杂的对偶积分方程组另一种有效的解法。     

A new numerical approach for the solution of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations system of second kind by using Bernstein collocation method

This paper presents an efficient numerical method for finding solutions of the nonlinear Fredholm integral equations system of second kind based on Bernstein polynomials basis. The numerical results obtained by the present method have been compared with those obtained by B‐spline wavelet method. This proposed method reduces the system of integral equations to a system of algebraic equations that can be solved easily any of the usual numerical methods. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

联系Bernoulli数和第二类Stirling数的一个恒等式

利用指数型生成函数建立起联系Bernoulli数和第二类Stirling数的一个有趣的恒等式．     

On smoothers for multigrid of the second kind

We study smoothers for the multigrid method of the second kind arising from Fredholm integral equations. Our model problems use nonlocal governing operators that enforce local boundary conditions. For discretization, we utilize the Nyström method with the trapezoidal rule. We find the eigenvalues of matrices associated to periodic, antiperiodic, and Dirichlet problems in terms of the nonlocality parameter and mesh size. Knowing explicitly the spectrum of the matrices enables us to analyze the behavior of smoothers. Although spectral analyses exist for finding effective smoothers for 1D elliptic model problems, to the best of our knowledge, a guiding spectral analysis is not available for smoothers of a multigrid of the second kind. We fill this gap in the literature. The Picard iteration has been the default smoother for a multigrid of the second kind. Jacobi‐like methods have not been considered as viable options. We propose two strategies. The first one focuses on the most oscillatory mode and aims to damp it effectively. For this choice, we show that weighted‐Jacobi relaxation is equivalent to the Picard iteration. The second strategy focuses on the set of oscillatory modes and aims to damp them as quickly as possible, simultaneously. Although the Picard iteration is an effective smoother for model nonlocal problems under consideration, we show that it is possible to find better than ones using the second strategy. We also shed some light on internal mechanism of the Picard iteration and provide an example where the Picard iteration cannot be used as a smoother.     

A random integral quadrature method for numerical analysis of the second kind of Volterra integral equations

In this paper, a novel meshless technique termed the random integral quadrature (RIQ) method is developed for the numerical solution of the second kind of the Volterra integral equations. The RIQ method is based on the generalized integral quadrature (GIQ) technique, and associated with the Kriging interpolation function, such that it is regarded as an extension of the GIQ technique. In the GIQ method, the regular computational domain is required, in which the field nodes are scattered along straight lines. In the RIQ method however, the field nodes can be distributed either uniformly or randomly. This is achieved by discretizing the governing integral equation with the GIQ method over a set of virtual nodes that lies along straight lines, and then interpolating the function values at the virtual nodes over all the field nodes which are scattered either randomly or uniformly. In such a way, the governing integral equation is converted approximately into a system of linear algebraic equations, which can be easily solved.     

Convergence in the integral metric of the general projective method for solving singular integral equations of the first kind with the Cauchy kernel

We study a projective method for solving singular integral equations of the first kind with the Cauchy kernel. Depending on the index of the equation, we introduce pairs of weight spaces which represent a restriction of the space of summable functions. We prove the correctness of the stated problem. We obtain sufficient conditions for the convergence of the projective method in the integral metric.