关于具有泛分解态射的广义Moore-

本文讨论预加法范畴中态射的广义Moore-Perurose逆．给出了具有泛分解态射的广义Moore-Penrose逆存在的几个充要条件,并把结果应用到环上的矩阵中．     

关于具有泛分解态射的加权Moore-Penrose逆

给出了预加法范畴中具有泛分解态射的加权Moore-Penrose逆存在的充要条件及其表达式,推广了具有泛分解的态射的Moore-Penrose逆的相应结果.     

具有广义分解的态射的广义逆

本文给出了预加范畴中态射的广义分解的概念,并研究了具有广义分解的态射的｛１,ｉ｝－逆,Ｍｏｏｒｅ－Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ逆存在的条件及其表达式,得到了态射的群逆及Ｄｒａｚｉｎ逆存在的充要条件,推广了具有泛分解的态射的广义逆的相应结果．     

关于正则态射的广义Moore-Penrose逆

通过态射的正则性,讨论加法范畴中态射的广义Moore-Penrose逆.给出了正则态射的广义Moore-Penrose逆存在的几个充要条件以及广义Moore-Penrose逆的表达式.     

具有广义分解的态射的广义Moore-Penrose逆

研究了预加范畴中具有广义分解的态射的广义Moore—Penrose逆,并给出了广义Moore—Penrose逆存在的充要条件及其表达式．     

态射的柱心-幂零分解

本文在正合加法范畴中研究了态射的Ｄｒａｚｉｎ逆,证明了态射的柱心－幂零分解的存在性和唯一性．     

具有广义分解态射的加权Moore-Penrose逆

研究范畴中态射的加权Moore-Penrose逆,利用态射广义分解的性质给出了态射加权Moore-Penrose逆存在的一些充要条件,导出了态射的加权Moore-Penrose逆的表达式,推广了态射Moore-Penrose逆的相应结果.     

具有广义分解态射的广义(i,…,j)逆

本文研究范畴中态射的广义(i，…，j)逆，利用态射广义分解的性质给出了态射广义(i，…，j)逆存在的一些充要条件，导出了态射的广义Moore-Penrose逆的表达式，推广了态射(i，…，j)逆的相应结果．     

加法范畴中态射的双积与群逆

研究了加法范畴上具有满单分解的态射的群逆,通过构造双积给出了群逆存在的充要条件及表达式.     

具有泛分解的态射的广义Moore—Penrose逆

本文给出预加范畴中具泛分解和广义分解的态射的广义Moore-Penrose逆存在的条件及其表达式,推广了具泛分解态射Moore-Penrose逆的有关结果。     

Determinants of matrices over semirings

In this paper, the concept of determinants for the matrices over a commutative semiring is introduced, and a development of determinantal identities is presented. This includes a generalization of the Laplace and Binet–Cauchy Theorems, as well as on adjoint matrices. Also, the determinants and the adjoint matrices over a commutative difference-ordered semiring are discussed and some inequalities for the determinants and for the adjoint matrices are obtained. The main results in this paper generalize the corresponding results for matrices over commutative rings, for fuzzy matrices, for lattice matrices and for incline matrices.     

On bounds for the mode and median of the generalized hyperbolic and related distributions

Except for certain parameter values, a closed form formula for the mode of the generalized hyperbolic (GH) distribution is not available. In this paper, we exploit results from the literature on modified Bessel functions and their ratios to obtain simple but tight two-sided inequalities for the mode of the GH distribution for general parameter values. As a special case, we deduce tight two-sided inequalities for the mode of the variance-gamma (VG) distribution, and through a similar approach we also obtain tight two-sided inequalities for the mode of the McKay Type I distribution. The analogous problem for the median is more challenging, but we conjecture some monotonicity results for the median of the VG and McKay Type I distributions, from we which we conjecture some tight two-sided inequalities for their medians. Numerical experiments support these conjectures and also lead us to a conjectured tight lower bound for the median of the GH distribution.     

Pricing strategies for perishable products: the case of Vienna and the hotel reservation system hrs.com

Consider a retailer who sells perishable products for which there is uncertain demand. Yield management with dynamic pricing is a standard practice that firms use for revenue management. For perishable products, recent analysis has focused on the distribution of flight capacity, referred to as ticket sales. Other non- storable, non-transportable, immaterial hospitality products include hotel capacity. The article discusses the extent to which hotel pricing strategies vary within the internet distribution system hrs.com. This study focuses on the distribution of hotel rooms available for booking on the internet for Vienna and gives an outlook to Euroland capitals. The main research interests are the underlying pricing models and the setting of the end price. Data was taken from hrs.com, which is the most important specialist for hotel room internet distribution in Germany according to recent studies by KMPG and others. The results include the identification of different pricing strategy clusters with regard to hotel category and hotel availability over a 22-day period for Vienna and one city from all Euroland countries (the capitals were studied for all cases except for the Netherlands, for which data was collected for Amsterdam). The study took the arrival days Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays into account, and used data for all these days from the 11th of July, 2005, to the 10th of October, 2005, for Vienna, and the first and the last of these dates as a comparison base for the other Euroland cities.     

英国运筹五十年：成就、困境和出路

英国是运筹学的发源地,五十年来对运筹学的创立,发展和推广起了重要作用,但到九十年代,情况起到了很大变化;运筹工作小组大量关闭;运筹学系基本消失,运筹工作另谋出路,为此,英国运筹学会拨出专款进行调研,组织专家讨论,在国际期刊上发表调研报告和讨论专辑,分析当前运筹学的困境和未来的路向,本对此进行介绍和探讨,希望对社会-经济转型时期的中国运筹学界和运筹工作有借鉴作用。     

Explicit Coercivity Estimates for the Linearized Boltzmann and Landau Operators

We prove explicit coercivity estimates for the linearized Boltzmann and Landau operators, for a general class of interactions including any inverse-power law interactions, and hard spheres. The functional spaces of these coercivity estimates depend on the collision kernel of these operators. They cover the spectral gap estimates for the linearized Boltzmann operator with Maxwell molecules, improve these estimates for hard potentials, and are the first explicit coercivity estimates for soft potentials (including in particular the case of Coulombian interactions). We also prove a regularity property for the linearized Boltzmann operator with non locally integrable collision kernels, and we deduce from it a new proof of the compactness of its resolvent for hard potentials without angular cutoff.     

流动稳定性弱非线性理论的重新考虑*

弱非性理论已被广泛用于流动稳定性理论及其它领域.然而其应用对某些问题虽是成功的,但对另一些问题,其结果却常不令人满意,特别是对转捩或自由剪切流中涡的演化这类问题,这时理论研究的目的不是寻找稳态解,而是预测演化过程.在本文中,我们将研究不成功的原因并建议一些改进的办法.     

Stokes方程的压力梯度局部投影间断有限元法

本文对定常的Stokes方程提出了一种新的间断有限元法,通过将通常的间断Galerkin有限元法与压力梯度局部投影相结合,建立了一个稳定的间断有限元格式,对速度和压力的任意分片多项式空间P_l(K),P_m(K)的间断有限元逼近证明了解的存在唯一性,给出了关于速度和压力的L~2范数的最优误差估计.     

Half Space and Quarter Space Dirichlet Problems for the Partial Differential Equation

A customary, heuristic, method, by which the Poisson integral formula for the Dirichlet problem, for the half space, for Laplace's equation is obtained, involves Green's function, and Kelvin's method of images. Although this heuristic method leads one to guess the correct result, this Poisson formula still has to be verified directly, independently of the method by which it was arrived at, in order to be absolutely certain that a solution of the Dirichlet problem for the half space, for Laplace's equation, has been actually obtained. A similar heuristic method, as seems to be generally known, could be followed in solving the Dirichlet problem, for the half space, for the equation where is a real constant. However, in Part 1, a different, labor-saving, method is used to study Dirichlet problems for the equation. This method is essentially based on what Hadamard called the method of descent. Indeed, it is shown that he who has solved the half space Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation has already solved the half space Dirichlet problem for the equation In Part 2, the solution formula for the quarter space Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation is obtained from the Poisson integral formula for the half space Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation. A representation theorem for harmonic functions in the quarter space is deduced. The method of descent is used, in Part 3, to obtain the solution formula for the quarter space Dirichlet problem for the equation by means of the solution formula for the quarter space Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation. So that, indeed, it is also shown that he who has solved the quarter space Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation has already solved the quarter space Dirichlet problem for the " equation" For the sake of completeness and clarity, and for the convenience of the reader, the appendix, at the end of Part 3, contains a detailed proof that the Poisson integral formula solves the half space Dirichlet problem for Laplace's equation. The Bibliography for Parts 1,2, 3 is to be found at the end of Part 1.     

基于多维线性扩展的模糊联盟合作对策tau值性质与计算方法

研究模糊联盟合作对策tau值的计算方法及其性质. 利用多维线性扩展方法定义了模糊联盟合作对策的tau值, 证明了其存在性、唯一性等性质, 并推导出基于多维线性扩展凸模糊联盟合作对策tau值的计算公式. 研究结果发现, 基于多维线性扩展的模糊联盟合作对策tau值是对清晰联盟合作对策tau值的扩展, 而清晰联盟合作对策tau值仅是其特例. 特别地, 对于凸模糊联盟合作对策, 利用其tau值计算公式, 可进一步简化求解过程.