运筹学简介

在本文中,我们打算从下列三个方面来谈谈运筹学:一、运筹学的含义及其简单历史什么是运筹学?这是一个颇难回答的问题。按照世界上最早出现的运筹学会(英国运筹学会)所下的定义,运筹学是“运用科学方法来解决工业、商业、政府、国防等部门里有关人力、机器、物资、金钱等大型系统的指挥或管理中所出现的复杂     

第15届国际运筹学会联合会大会胜利闭幕

一、ＩＦＯＲＳ’９９概况国际运筹学会联合会（ＩＦＯＲＳ）每三年举行一次学术大会,旨在交流运筹学、管理科学、决策科学以及相关领域的研究与发展,至今已举行了１４届。第１５届国际运筹学会联合会学术大会（ＩＦＯＲＳ’９９）于１９９９年８月１６日至２０日在北京友谊宾馆举行,这是中国运筹学会首次承办的国际运筹学会联合会大会。本届会议的主题是;运筹学──２１世纪中通向繁荣的大道．来自中国、美国、日本、加拿大、英国、巴西、法国、德国、荷兰,以及南斯拉夫、南非、墨西哥、俄罗斯、印度和台湾、香港等４９个国家和地区１…     

中国数学会运筹学会关于发展团体会员的通知

为了使运筹学在我国四化建设中发挥更大的作用,加强不同学科之间的横向联系,经常务理事会讨论,决定发展中国数学会运筹学会团体会员.凡从事运筹学及有关领域的教学、科研或致力于运筹方法应用推广的高等院校(或系、室)、中等专科学校、科研设计单位,厂矿企业等实际部门和部委、厅局等领导机关都可申请加入作为团体会员.团体会员的权利:     

《运筹与管理》2017年变更刊期及征订启事

<正>《运筹与管理》是中国运筹学会主办的学术性期刊。宗旨是交流运筹学与管理科学工作者的研究成果,推进运筹学在经济计划、投资决策、风险分析、企业管理、生产控制、结构优化、信息技术及军事领域的应用。主要刊登运筹学和管理科学方面的学术研究成果及在国民经济各部门中创造性地解决实际问题行之有效的方法与经验。《运筹与管理》现在是:     

越民义先生百岁寿辰贺词

正今年五月是越民义先生百岁生日华诞,《运筹与管理》全体编委会和编辑部人员、偕同《运筹与管理》的投稿人和读者一起恭祝越先生百岁生日愉快、身体康健。谈起现代运筹学在中国的发展,越民义先生的作用堪比华罗庚先生在中国数学界的作用。华先生统领纯数学的许多分支,越先生在上个世纪六、七十年代也带领了运筹学各个代表     

《运筹与管理》2017年变更刊期及征订启事

<正>《运筹与管理》是中国运筹学会主办的学术性期刊。宗旨是交流运筹学与管理科学工作者的研究成果,推进运筹学在经济计划、投资决策、风险分析、企业管理、生产控制、结构优化、信息技术及军事领域的应用。主要刊登运筹学和管理科学方面的学术研究成果及在国民经济各部门中创造性地解决实际问题行之有效的方法与经验。《运筹与管理》现在是:中文核心期刊中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)来源期刊     

《运筹与管理》2017年变更刊期及征订启事

<正>《运筹与管理》是中国运筹学会主办的学术性期刊。宗旨是交流运筹学与管理科学工作者的研究成果,推进运筹学在经济计划、投资决策、风险分析、企业管理、生产控制、结构优化、信息技术及军事领域的应用。主要刊登运筹学和管理科学方面的学术研究成果及在国     

从运筹学到系统工程到系统科学——怀念许国志先生的学术点滴

1 创建运筹学 运筹学最早起源于第二次世界大战中,为了解决如何运用好武器装备的问题,如雷达的运用,飞机如何找潜艇,以及找到潜艇后投掷的深水炸弹的最佳爆炸深度等等.在英国最先成立专门小组研究这些问题,后来就叫运筹小组.在英国,考虑运用的特点这种研究也就成了运用研究,其英文名就叫Operational Research,很快美国也成立类似研究机构,但美国用了略有不同的英文名,为Operations Research,好在他们两家的英文缩写都叫OR.     

《运筹与管理》2017年变更刊期及征订启事

<正>《运筹与管理》是中国运筹学会主办的学术性期刊。宗旨是交流运筹学与管理科学工作者的研究成果,推进运筹学在经济计划、投资决策、风险分析、企业管理、生产控制、结构优化、信息技术及军事领域的应用。主要刊登运筹学合管理科学方面的学术研究成果及在国     

《运筹与管理》2017年变更刊期及征订启事

正《运筹与管理》是中国运筹学会主办的学术性期刊。宗旨是交流运筹学与管理科学工作者的研究成果,推进运筹学在经济计划、投资决策、风险分析、企业管理、生产控制、结构优化、信息技术及军事领域的应用。主要刊登运筹学和管理科学方面的学术研究成果及在国民经济各部门中创造性地解决实际问题行之有效的方法与经验。《运筹与管理》现在是:     

Reflections on queue modelling from the last 50 years

Queueing theory continues to be one of the most researched areas of operational research, and has generated numerous review papers over the years. The phrase ‘queue modelling’ is used in the title to indicate a more practical emphasis. This paper uses work taken predominantly from the last 50 years of pages of the Operational Research Quarterly and the Journal of the Operational Research Society to offer a commentary on attempts of operational researchers to tackle real queueing problems, and on research foci past and future. A new discipline of ‘queue modelling’ is proposed, drawing upon the combined strengths of analytic and simulation approaches with the responsibility to derive meaningful insights for managers.     

Operational Research and the Behavioural Sciences

Operational research has set for itself the general goal of providing solutions to management problems. In view of this the authors assert that operational research has paid scant attention to work in the behavioural sciences in devising its approaches to problems. This omission can be serious. It can also be remedied, at least in part, and it is the purpose of this article to lay a foundation for such a remedy.     

Strategic operational research

Operational researchers have been slow to define and claim a strategic role for operational research (OR). This article discusses the OR activities of a number of leading-edge organisations, and argues that in several instances these activities have sustained a competitive advantage over a significant period of time, and are seen as a ‘strategic asset’ to the parent corporation. Finally, it is argued that OR people should begin talking about OR as a strategic asset, and that recognition of this strategic role provides a vision of a very exciting future for OR.     

A Role for Operational Research in Health Care Planning and Management Teams

This paper describes a research team's effort in which a formal mathematical model played an integrating and coordinating role for a multidisciplinary team which included operational researchers, economists, nurses, social workers, social scientists and psychiatrists. It is an interpretative history of the OARS project, its development and results which emphasizes the role of the formal model in the conduct of the project.This is an application of Operational Research to a significant social problem which also suggests an important role for Operational Researchers in Health Care Planning and Management Teams.     

Voluntary Operational Research

Operational Research has traditionally been carried out in organizations which are able and willing to pay for it; this tends to restrict it to the larger industrial, commercial or governmental bodies. In this paper we reflect on an O.R. project done on behalf of a group of charities, to whom, as with most voluntary organizations, the skills of operational researchers are not usually available.It seems likely that voluntary organizations will have an increasing role as leisure time increases, and in any case the widening scope and complex context of their activities means that they could benefit from the kind of help that operational researchers can give. At the same time, O.R. workers who care about a particular voluntary organization may want to offer their skills to it. However, the skills of operational researchers are not as obviously relevant to voluntary organizations as is the professional expertise of lawyers and accountants. Undertaking O.R. projects as a voluntary helper rather than as a paid consultant, and in voluntary organizations rather than the more usual clients for O.R., has significant implications for the approach and methods used.We discuss these issues in the light of our recent experiences of carrying out ‘voluntary Operational Research’.     

Some Implications for Operational Research in the Area of Inflation as It Affects a Company's Profitability and Liquidity

Journal of the Operational Research Society - The impact of inflation on company liquidity and profitability during 1974 and 1975 is summarised, and implications for operational researchers in the...     

Profile of Current Members of the Operational Research Society

The study described here was based on a questionnaire survey in the summer of 1967 of all the then members of the Operational Research Society. It concerns factual data about Operational Research Society members relating to their general background, the area of operational research and the industry they are engaged in, age and salary, undergraduate and postgraduate education, training in operational research, time spent in operational research and in industry prior to operational research. It examines the relationships between these aspects of their background and looks for trends which may indicate how the nature of the men entering the profession may be changing.     

Justifying the methods of OR

Operational research practitioners use mathematical, statistical, scientific, and other methods to structure and analyse issues in order to advise and assist their clients. In doing so they apply values, follow rules and use methodologies. The paper examines the justification of these methods, values and methodologies. Starting with a conceptual model drawn from the philosophy of science, a justification framework is developed for operational research (OR). Making a distinction between OR academic research and OR practice helps to clarify the issues. OR research is similar to scientific, mathematical and social science research; OR practice, as technology, is closer to engineering. While OR academic researchers will seek justification in the academic discipline within which they choose to work, it is argued that the justification of OR practice lies in its usefulness. For academic OR, justification lies in the justification of mathematics, statistics, science and social science; for practice, it is practitioners who decide what usefulness means in their context.     

War Gaming as a Technique in the Study of Operational Research Problems

The last 10 years have seen an immense amount of effort, both here and abroad, concentrated on the development of war games that can be used for the study of many of the important problems that arise in military operational research. The first part of this paper describes in general terms the background to such operational problems, their difficulties and complexities, and explains why war gaming is regarded as a particularly appropriate technique in their examination.On this basis, the fundamental conceptual development of a war game representing a land battle is described, and is illustrated by reference to the Army Operational Research Establishment (AORE) War Game. Practical experience with this and other hand-played games allows some of the advantages and disadvantages of this type of war game to be enumerated, and leads naturally to a discussion of computer-assisted games, and of the relationship between games and analytical models of combat. It is concluded that each of these approaches has its own particular advantages, and that it will usually be appropriate to use combinations of them in the study of major problems.