紧图的两个结果及其应用

双随机矩阵有许多重要的应用, 紧图族可以看作是组合矩阵论中关于双随机矩阵的著名的Birkhoff定理的拓广,具有重要的研究价值． 确定一个图是否紧图是个困难的问题,目前已知的紧图族尚且不多.给出了两个重要结果：任意紧图与任意多个孤立点的不交并是紧图;任意紧图的每一个顶点上各增加一条悬挂边的图是紧图． 利用这两个结果,从已知紧图可构造出无穷多个紧图族．     

关于紧图的一些研究结果

双随机矩阵有许多重要的应用,紧图族可以看作是组合矩阵论中关于双随机矩阵的著名的Birkhoff定理的拓广,具有重要的研究价值.确定一个图是否紧图是个困难的问题,目前已知的紧图类尚且不多,介绍从某些已知的紧图出发不断构造紧图的加边法,可以构造无穷多个紧图族.     

六阶图C_6+3K_2与P_n,C_n的联图交叉数

用P_n表示n个点的路,C_n表示长为n的圈,C_6+3K_2表示圈C_6添加三条相邻的边3K_2=C_3得到的图.在Kleitman给出的完全二部图的交叉数cr(K_(6,n))=Z(6,n)的基础上,得到了特殊六阶图C_6+3K_2与路P_n,圈C_n的联图交叉数分别为Z(6,n)+3[n/2]+2与Z(6,n)+3[n/2]+4.     

偶图$K_{n,n+7}-A(|A|\leq3)$的圈长分布唯一性

阶为$n$的图$G$的圈长分布是序列($c_1,c_2,\ldots,c_n$), 其中$c_i$是图$G$中长为$i$的圈数.本文得到如下结果: 设$A\subseteq E(K_{n,n+7})$,在以下情况, 图 $G$ 由其圈长分布唯一确定.(1) $G=K_{n,n+7}$(n\geq10)$;(2) $G=K_{n,n+7}-A$ $(|A|=1,n\geq12)$;(3)$G=K_{n,n+7}-A$(|A|=2,n\geq14)$;(4)$G=K_{n,n+7}-A$ $(|A|=3     

若干并图的优美标号

证明了,对任意大于1的自然数m,n,p,非连通图(■ V ■)∪K_(n,p)是优美图;当k≤p,m=kn+3或m=kn+1时,非连通图(P_2 V ■)∪K_(n,p)是优美图;当p≥2,m=3k+1时,非连通图(P_2 V ■)∪K_(3,p)是优美图;对任意正整数n,p,非连通图(P_1 V P_(2n+2))∪_(n,p)是优美图.     

含有多个圈的图的秩

研究了含有多个圈的图的邻接矩阵的秩.将k(k≥2)条点不交的路,首和尾分别粘合得到的图称为Θ-图.用Γ(k-1)表示含有Θ-图作为导出子图的(k-1)-圈图的集合,而用C(η,k)表示含有n个顶点和k个边不交的圈的图的集合.确定了Γ(k-1)中秩等于5和6的图以及C(n,k)中秩等于4,5和6的图.     

两类积图的邻点可区别全染色

本文.证明了,当n≥2时,Xat(K_n×K′_n)=2n;当p,q≥2时,Xat(C_(2p)×K_(2q))=2q 3,其中K_n×K′_n是两个不同标号完全图的积图,C_(2p)×K_(2q)是偶圈和偶阶完全图的积图.     

γ-可图序列与γ-完全子图

一个r-图是一个无环的无向图,其中任何两个顶点之间至多被r条边连接.一个m+1个顶点的r-完全图,记为K_(m+1)^((r)),是一个m+1个顶点的r-图,其中任何两个顶点之间恰好被r条边连接.一个非增的非负整数序列π=(d_1,d_2,…,d_n)称为是r-可图的如果它是某个n个顶点的r-图的度序列.一个r-可图序列π称为是蕴含(强迫)K_(m+1)((r)),是一个m+1个顶点的r-图,其中任何两个顶点之间恰好被r条边连接.一个非增的非负整数序列π=(d_1,d_2,…,d_n)称为是r-可图的如果它是某个n个顶点的r-图的度序列.一个r-可图序列π称为是蕴含(强迫)K_(m+1)^((r))可图的如果π有一个实现包含K_(m+1)((r))可图的如果π有一个实现包含K_(m+1)^((r))作为子图(π的每一个实现包含K_(m+1)((r))作为子图(π的每一个实现包含K_(m+1)^((r))作为子图).设σ(K_(m+1)((r))作为子图).设σ(K_(m+1)^((r)),n)(τ(K_(m+1)((r)),n)(τ(K_(m+1)^((r)),n))表示最小的偶整数t,使得每一个r-可图序列π=(d_1,d_2,…,d_n)具有∑_(i=1)((r)),n))表示最小的偶整数t,使得每一个r-可图序列π=(d_1,d_2,…,d_n)具有∑_(i=1)ⁿ d_i≥t是蕴含(强迫)K_(m+1)n d_i≥t是蕴含(强迫)K_(m+1)^((r))-可图的.易见,σ(K_(m+1)((r))-可图的.易见,σ(K_(m+1)^((r)),n)是Erds等人的一个猜想从1-图到r-图的扩充且τ(K_(m+1)((r)),n)是Erds等人的一个猜想从1-图到r-图的扩充且τ(K_(m+1)^((r)),n)是经典Turan定理从1-图到r-图的扩充.本文给出了蕴含K_(m+1)((r)),n)是经典Turan定理从1-图到r-图的扩充.本文给出了蕴含K_(m+1)^((r))的r-可图序列的两个简单充分条件.此两个条件包含了Yin和Li在[Discrete Math.,2005,301:218-227]中的两个主要结果和当n≥max{m((r))的r-可图序列的两个简单充分条件.此两个条件包含了Yin和Li在[Discrete Math.,2005,301:218-227]中的两个主要结果和当n≥max{m²+3m+1-[(m2+3m+1-[(m²+m)/r],2m+1+[m/r]]}时,σ(K_(m+1)2+m)/r],2m+1+[m/r]]}时,σ(K_(m+1)^((r)),n)之值.此外,我们还确定了当n≥m+1时,τ(K_(m+1)((r)),n)之值.此外,我们还确定了当n≥m+1时,τ(K_(m+1)^((r)),n)之值.     

偶图Kn,r-A(|A|≤3)的圈长分布唯一性

阶为$n$的图$G$的圈长分布是序列$(c_1,c_2,\cdots,c_n)$, 其中$c_i$ 是图$G$ 中长为$i$的圈数.设$A\subseteq E(K_{n,r})$.本文得到如下结果: 若$\mid A\mid =2$,且$n\leq r\leq \min\{n+6,2n-5\}$,则$G=K_{n,r}-A$是由它的圈长分布确定的;若$\mid A\mid =3$,且$n \leq r\leq \min\{n+6,2n-7\}$,则$G=K_{n,r}-A$也是由它的圈长分布确定的.     

多部竞赛图中包含某条弧的圈

多部竞赛图或n部竞赛图是指一个完全n部无向图的定向图.2007年Volkmann证明了每个强连通的n部竞赛图(n≥3)至少存在一条弧它包含在从3到n的每个长度的圈中.在此基础上给出了强连通n部竞赛图中存在一条弧它包含在从3到n+1的每个长度的圈中的一个充分条件,并举例说明该条件在某种意义上的最佳可能性.     

Hexavalent symmetric graphs of order 9p

A graph is symmetric if its automorphism group acts transitively on the set of arcs of the graph. In this paper, we classify hexavalent symmetric graphs of order $9p$ for each prime $p$.     

三度边正则图的三个无限族

图X称为边正则图，若X的自同构群Aut(X)在X的边集上的作用是正则的．本文考察了三度边正则图与四度Cayley图的关系，给出了一个由四度Cayley图构造三度边正则图的方法，并且构造了边正则图的三个无限族．     

Hypohamiltonian Planar Cubic Graphs with Girth 5

A graph is called hypohamiltonian if it is not hamiltonian but becomes hamiltonian if any vertex is removed. Many hypohamiltonian planar cubic graphs have been found, starting with constructions of Thomassen in 1981. However, all the examples found until now had 4‐cycles. In this note we present the first examples of hypohamiltonian planar cubic graphs with cyclic connectivity 5, and thus girth 5. We show by computer search that the smallest members of this class are three graphs with 76 vertices.     

Edge-primitive Cayley graphs on abelian groups and dihedral groups

A graph is called edge-primitive if its automorphism group acts primitively on its edge set. In 1973, Weiss (1973) determined all edge-primitive graphs of valency three, and recently Guo et al. (2013,2015) classified edge-primitive graphs of valencies four and five. In this paper, we determine all edge-primitive Cayley graphs on abelian groups and dihedral groups.     

Semisymmetric cubic graphs as regular covers of K 3,3

A regular graph X is called semisymmetric if it is edge-transitive but not vertex-transitive. For G ≤ AutX, we call a G-cover X semisymmetric if X is semisymmetric, and call a G-cover X one-regular if Aut X acts regularly on its arc-set. In this paper, we give the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of one-regular or semisymmetric Zn-Covers of K3,3. Also, an infinite family of semisymmetric Zn×Zn-covers of K3,3 are constructed.     

Classification of a family of symmetric graphs with complete 2-arc-transitive quotients

In this paper we give a classification of a family of symmetric graphs with complete 2-arc-transitive quotients. Of particular interest are two subfamilies of graphs which admit an arc-transitive action of a projective linear group. The graphs in these subfamilies can be defined in terms of the cross ratio of certain 4-tuples of elements of a finite projective line, and thus may be called the second type ‘cross ratio graphs’, which are different from the ‘cross ratio graphs’ studied in [A. Gardiner, C. E. Praeger, S. Zhou, Cross-ratio graphs, J. London Math. Soc. (2) 64 (2001), 257–272]. We also give a combinatorial characterisation of such second type cross ratio graphs.     

A Local Analysis of Imprimitive Symmetric Graphs

Let Г be a G-symmetric graph admitting a nontrivial G-invariant partition . Let Г be the quotient graph of Г with respect to . For each block B ∊ , the setwise stabiliser G_B of B in G induces natural actions on B and on the neighbourhood Г (B) of B in Г . Let G_(B) and G_[B] be respectively the kernels of these actions. In this paper we study certain “local actions" induced by G_(B) and G_[B], such as the action of G_[B] on B and the action of G_(B) on Г (B), and their influence on the structure of Г. Supported by a Discovery Project Grant (DP0558677) from the Australian Research Council and a Melbourne Early Career Researcher Grant from The University of Melbourne.     

On triconnected and cubic plane graphs on given point sets

Let S be a set of n4 points in general position in the plane, and let h<n be the number of extreme points of S. We show how to construct a 3-connected plane graph with vertex set S, having max{3n/2,n+h−1} edges, and we prove that there is no 3-connected plane graph on top of S with a smaller number of edges. In particular, this implies that S admits a 3-connected cubic plane graph if and only if n4 is even and hn/2+1. The same bounds also hold when 3-edge-connectivity is considered. We also give a partial characterization of the point sets in the plane that can be the vertex set of a cubic plane graph.     

On the Dot Product Graph of a Commutative Ring

Let A be a commutative ring with nonzero identity, 1 ≤ n < ∞ be an integer, and R = A × A × … ×A (n times). The total dot product graph of R is the (undirected) graph TD(R) with vertices R* = R?{(0, 0,…, 0)}, and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x·y = 0 ∈ A (where x·y denote the normal dot product of x and y). Let Z(R) denote the set of all zero-divisors of R. Then the zero-divisor dot product graph of R is the induced subgraph ZD(R) of TD(R) with vertices Z(R)* = Z(R)?{(0, 0,…, 0)}. It follows that each edge (path) of the classical zero-divisor graph Γ(R) is an edge (path) of ZD(R). We observe that if n = 1, then TD(R) is a disconnected graph and ZD(R) is identical to the well-known zero-divisor graph of R in the sense of Beck–Anderson–Livingston, and hence it is connected. In this paper, we study both graphs TD(R) and ZD(R). For a commutative ring A and n ≥ 3, we show that TD(R) (ZD(R)) is connected with diameter two (at most three) and with girth three. Among other things, for n ≥ 2, we show that ZD(R) is identical to the zero-divisor graph of R if and only if either n = 2 and A is an integral domain or R is ring-isomorphic to ?₂ × ?₂ × ?₂.