Grassmann image of non-isotropic surface of pseudo-Euclidean space

We consider submanifolds of non-isotropic planes of the Grassman manifold of the pseudo-Euclidean space. We prove a theorem about the unboundedness of the sectional curvature of the submanifolds of the two-dimensional non-isotropic planes of the four-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space with the help of immersion in the six-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space of index 3. We also introduce a concept of the indicatrix of normal curvature and study the properties of this indicatrix and the Grassman image of the non-isotropic surface of the pseudo-Euclidean space. We find a connection between the curvature of the Grassman image and the intrinsic geometry of the plane. We suggest the classification of the points of the Grassman image.     

Parametric analysis of the oscillatory solutions to stochastic differential equations with the Wiener and Poisson components by the Monte Carlo method

Using the Monte Carlo method, we address the influence of the Wiener and Poisson random noises on the behavior of oscillatory solutions to systems of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). For the linear and Van der Pol oscillators, we study the accuracy of estimates of the functionals of numerical solutions to SDEs obtained by the generalized explicit Euler method. For a linear oscillator, we obtain the exact analytical expressions for the mathematical expectation and the variance of the SDE solution. These expressions allow us to investigate the dependence of the accuracy of estimates of the solution moments on the values of SDE parameters, the size of meshsize, and the ensemble of simulated trajectories of the solution. For the Van der Pol oscillator, we study the dependence of the frequency and the damping rate of the oscillations of the mathematical expectation of SDE solution on the values of parameters of the Poisson component. The results of the numerical experiments are presented.     

Riemannian Submersions with Discrete Spectrum

We prove some estimates on the spectrum of the Laplacian of the total space of a Riemannian submersion in terms of the spectrum of the Laplacian of the base and the geometry of the fibers. When the fibers of the submersions are compact and minimal, we prove that the spectrum of the Laplacian of the total space is discrete if and only if the spectrum of the Laplacian of the base is discrete. When the fibers are not minimal, we prove a discreteness criterion for the total space in terms of the relative growth of the mean curvature of the fibers and the mean curvature of the geodesic spheres in the base. We discuss in particular the case of warped products.     

Various methods of determining the natural frequencies and damping of composite cantilever plates. 1. Exact solution for the binomial model of deformation

On the basis of the classical theory of thin anisotropic laminated plates the article analyzes the free vibrations of rectangular cantilever plates made of fibrous composites. The application of Kantorovich's method for the binomial representation of the shape of the elastic surface of a plate yielded for two unknown functions a system of two connected differential equations and the corresponding boundary conditions at the place of constraint and at the free edge. The exact solution for the frequencies and forms of the free vibrations was found with the use of Laplace transformation with respect to the space variable. The magnitudes of several first dimensionless frequencies of the bending and torsional vibrations of the plate were calculated for a wide range of change of two dimensionless complexes, with the dimensions of the plate and the anisotropy of the elastic properties of the material taken into account. The article shows that with torsional vibrations the warping constraint at the fixed end explains the apparent dependence of the shear modulus of the composite on the length of the specimen that had been discovered earlier on in experiments with a torsional pendulum. It examines the interaction and transformation of the second bending mode and of the first torsional mode of the vibrations. It analyzes the asymptotics of the dimensionless frequencies when the length of the plate is increased, and it shows that taking into account the bending-torsion interaction in strongly anisotropic materials type unidirectional carbon reinforced plastic can reduce substantially the frequencies of the bending vibrations but has no effect (within the framework of the binomial model) on the frequencies of the torsional vibrations.Institute of Engineering Science Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia. St. Petersburg State University, Russia. Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 759–769, November–December, 1996.     

The dynamics of the motion of a flat punch on the boundary of an elastic half-plane

The dynamic contact problem of the motion of a flat punch on the boundary of an elastic half-plane is considered. During motion, the punch deforms the elastic half-plane, penetrating it in such a manner that its base remains parallel to the boundary of the half-plane at each instant of time. In movable coordinates connected to the moving punch, the contact problem reduces to solving a two-dimensional integral equation, whose two-dimensional kernel depends on the difference between the arguments for each of the variables. An approximate solution of the integral equation of the problem is constructed in the form of a Neumann series, whose zeroth term is represented in the form of the superposition of the solutions of two-dimensional integral equations on the coordinate semiaxis minus the solution of the integral equation on the entire axis. This approach provides a way to construct the solution of the two-dimensional integral equation of the problem in four velocity ranges of motion of the punch, which cover the entire spectrum of its velocities, as well as to perform a detailed analysis of the special features of the contact stresses and vertical displacements of the free surface on the boundary of the contract area. An approximate method for solving the integral equation, which is based on a special approximation of the integrand of the kernel of the integral equation in the complex plane, is proposed for obtaining effective solutions of the problem that do not contain singular quadratures.     

Nonlinear Electromagnetic Delay of Electromagnetic Signals Propagating in the Magnetic Meridian Plane of Pulsars and Magnetars

We analyze the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the magnetic meridian planes of neutron stars with a strong magnetic field in the framework of the parameterized post-Maxwellian electrodynamics of the vacuum. The origin of these electromagnetic waves is the curvature emission of X-rays and gamma rays from high-energy electrons in the vicinity of the magnetic poles of neutron stars. We show that in the case of a slowly varying intensity of X-ray and gamma-ray emission, the delay of the slow normal mode of electromagnetic waves relative to the fast mode results in a shift of the time dependence of the intensity of the detected radiation with one polarization relative to that of the radiation with the orthogonal polarization. In the case of single X-ray or gamma-ray pulses, the delay effect results in the polarization of the detected pulse varying during the pulse length, the leading edge of all pulses being polarized normally to the magnetic equator plane of the neutron star. We note that the modern level of the experimental technique, in principle, allows observing the manifestations of the delay effect for signals of different polarizations.     

The solution of the Hertz axisymmetric contact problem

The main terms of the asymptotic form of the solution of the contact problem of the compression without friction of an elastic body and a punch initially in point contact are constructed by the method of matched asymptotic expansions using an improved matching procedure. The condition of unilateral contact is formulated taking account of tangential displacements on the contact surface. An asymptotic solution of the problem for the boundary layer is constructed by the complex potential method. An asymptotic model is constructed, extending the Hertz theory to the case where the surfaces of the punch and elastic body in the vicinity of the contact area are approximated by paraboloids of revolution. The problem of determining the convergence of the contacting bodies from the magnitude of the compressive force is reduced to the problem of calculating the so-called coefficient of local compliance, which is an integral characteristic of the geometry of the elastic body and its fixing conditions.     

The virtual mass of a sphere in a suspension of spherical particles

The problem of the virtual mass of a sphere, moving in an ideal incompressible fluid when there are other identical spherical particles of arbitrary mass present is considered. A solution is constructed for the velocity potential of the fluid in the form of the superposition of perturbation fields, introduced into the flow by each of the particles. The perturbation fields are obtained in the form of functional series, the coefficients of which are mutually consistent by a defined system of equations. An explicit expression is obtained for the hydrodynamic force acting on the sphere in the form of a function of the coordinates of all the particles. A simple analytical dependence of the mean value of the force and the virtual mass of the sphere on the particle-to-fluid density ratio in a first approximation of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase is obtained for a statistically uniform distribution of the dispersed particles in the suspension, using the procedure of averaging over their different possible configurations in space.     

旋风分离器内流动的三维分析

本文详细阐述了旋风分离器内流动在球坐标系中的数学表述和结果,应用质量守恒定律和定常流动的运动定律,在轴对称的考虑下,用流函数方法详尽推导了流动的三个速度分量.此讨论是从三维的整体观点来全面分析流动状况的.此外,对文[1]中的一些结果作了必要的修正.     

Seepage of a gas condensate mixture when using the geoloosening method

The problem of the seepage of a two-phase multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture for evaluating the efficiency of the use of the geoloosening method in gas condensate deposits is considered. The geoloosening method is a technology for increasing the productivity of wells, developed at the Institute of Problems in Mechanics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and it ensures an increase in the permeability of the critical zone of a well because of directed relief of the stratum. The initiation of the geoloosening process requires the creation of deep depressions at the well bottom and, as a result, there is an accumulation of retrograde condensate in the neighbourhood of the well, which leads to a decrease in the phase permeability with respect to the gas. It is necessary to take account of the existence of these two processes, which are mutually counter directed from the point of view of the change in permeability, when this method is used for gas condensate deposits. Due to the change in the chemical composition of the mixture in the condensation process and the action of capillary forces, the gas content at each point and each instant is not the equilibrium content and, consequently, cannot be directly determined from the phase diagram of the substance. A differential scheme is used to describe the seepage of the mixture, according to which, unlike an integral scheme, the relation for the transition into the liquid phase is specified for increments and not for the pressure and volume values themselves. Numerical calculations of the steady seepage of a hydrocarbon mixture are carried out for the necessary depression levels for the conditions in the Astrakhan gas condensate deposit and the effectiveness of the use of the geoloosening method there is demonstrated.     

An algorithm for decomposing a polynomial system into normal ascending sets

We present an algorithm to decompose a polynomial system into a finite set of normal ascending sets such that the set of the zeros of the polynomial system is the union of the sets of the regular zeros of the normal ascending sets.If the polynomial system is zero dimensional,the set of the zeros of the polynomials is the union of the sets of the zeros of the normal ascending sets.     

On the evaluation of some distributions that arise in simultaneous tests for the equality of the latent roots of the covariance matrix

In this paper, the authors consider the evaluation of the distribution functions of the ratios of the intermediate roots to the trace of the real Wishart matrix as well as the ratios of the individual roots to the trace of the complex Wishart matrix. In addition, the authors consider the evaluation of the distribution functions of the ratios of the extreme roots of the Wishart matrix in the real and complex cases. Some applications and tables of the above distributions are also given.     

Prediction of the deformation properties of a polymeric composite with a granular-fibrous filler

Conclusion A variant of calculation of the characteristics of the deformation properties of a hybrid composite containing a complex disperse filler in the form of granular particles and short fibers was proposed. The effect of aggregation of the granular filler, the statistical distributions of the fibers by lengths and orientation in the material, and the anisotropy of the fibers are taken into consideration in the calculation. The statistical distribution of the orientation of the fibers is given by a function proportional to the distance from the center to the surface of a triaxial ellipsoid in the corresponding direction. The uniform random distribution of the fibers in bulk and in the plane is a special case of this distribution. The results of the analysis of the effect of the parameters of the statistical distributions of the length and orientation of short fibers on the elasticity characteristics of a composite are reported. The dependence of the creep of the composite on the ratio of the concentration of the components of the complex filler was determined, and the efficiency of partial replacement of a granular filler by a short-fiber filler to inhibit creep of the composite was demonstrated. The possibilities of predicting the long-term creep were experimentally confirmed on the example of LDPE filled with ground limestone and short glass fibers.Presented at the Sixth All-Union Conference on the Mechanics of Polymer and Composite Materials (Riga, November, 1986).Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, No. 5, pp. 898–909, September–October, 1987.     

Boundary Shape Control of the Navier-Stokes Equations and Applications

In this paper, the geometrical design for the blade's surface in an impeller or for the profile of an aircraft, is modeled from the mathematical point of view by a boundary shape control problem for the Navier-Stokes equations. The objective function is the sum of a global dissipative function and the power of the fluid. The control variables are the geometry of the boundary and the state equations are the Navier-Stokes equations. The Euler-Lagrange equations of the optimal control problem are derived, which are an elliptic boundary value system of fourth order, coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations. The authors also prove the existence of the solution of the optimal control problem, the existence of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with mixed boundary conditions, the weak continuity of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with respect to the geometry shape of the blade's surface and the existence of solutions of the equations for the Gateaux derivative of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations with respect to the geometry of the boundary.     

加权幂平均复合判断矩阵的群体AHP一致性研究

判断矩阵一致性是群体综合评价的重要内容。一致性可以反映专家群体就所有可能的替代方案达成完全一致的意见,利用一致性测度可以衡量评价者之间的差异,也是共识判断的基础。文章针对加权幂平均复合判断矩阵中存在的一致性问题进行研究,从幂平均次数对复合判断矩阵影响的角度,分析幂平均次数对一致性比率的影响程度,揭示两者之间的变化规律;研究专家判断矩阵的阶数对一致性比率的作用;从群体专家权重的角度,研究权重对复合判断矩阵一致性比率的敏感性。结果表明:(1)幂平均的次数会影响复合判断矩阵的一致性,幂平均的次数在有限区间内保证复合判断矩阵的满意一致性,有限区间长度同时依赖于判断矩阵的阶数与幂平均的次数,且一致性比率是关于幂平均次数的凹函数;(2)判断矩阵的阶数越高,专家给出判断矩阵的难度加大,然而随着判断矩阵阶数的升高,一致性比率会呈递减趋势;(3)专家的权数对于一致性比率影响较小,即专家权数的灵敏度较低,给定权数的扰动后不会影响复合判断矩阵的满意一致性。     

Prediction of the growth of fatigue cracks taking environmental factors into account

A model of corrosion fatigue is proposed which takes into account the main phenomena of a mechanical nature, namely, the transfer of the active agent from the month of the crack to its tip, the accumulation of mechanical damage due to cyclic loads and the breakdown of the stability conditions in the body-with-cracks — load — environment system as the reason for the propagation of the crack tip. Particular attention is devoted to the mechanism by which active agent is transferred. In addition to diffusion, convective transfer as a consequence of the change in the shape and dimensions of the crack cavity is taken into account. The results of modelling are supplemented with diagrams, which relate the rate of growth of the crack with the range of the stress intensity factor, the concentration of the agent at the mouth of the crack and the characteristics of the cycle, equal to the ratio of the extremal values of the applied stresses in each cycle. The results are compared with experimental data.     

Flow around an ellipsoid of revolution in a harmonic coaxial vector field

We give an integral equation defining a coaxial magnetic field near the surface of a superconductive axisymmetric body and the velocity of the liquid near the surface of an axisymmetric body situated coaxially to the flow of an ideal liquid. Using this equation in the case when the axisymmetric magnetic field before the placement of an ellipsoid of revolution coaxially to the field changed along the axis by a polynomial law, we analytically define the densities of the surface current and the force with which the magnetic field acts on the ellipsoid. Also the velocity of the liquid is determined near the surface of the ellipsoid of revolution and the force acting on the ellipsoid placed coaxially in the flow of an ideal liquid when the velocity of the liquid before the placement of the ellipsoid changed along the axis of symmetry by a polynomial law.