气候政策的经济环境效应分析与比较—基于碳税、许可交易和总量控制的动态微分博弈

基于产品差别化假设,建立双寡头动态微分博弈模型,比较碳税和许可交易以及总量控制3种气候政策的经济环境效应.研究发现,不同气候政策对两国的经济效应不同.进一步研究还发现,在企业产品差别化竞争时,从碳排放流量来看,碳税政策和许可交易政策与总量控制政策之间没有严格的优劣之分;碳排放存量对碳税政策最敏感.从碳存量对政策的边际影响来看,许可交易政策与总量控制政策是相同的,而碳税政策与之相反.当两国生产的产品完全同质时,从均衡碳排放流量和碳排放存量来看,许可交易政策最优,总量控制政策次之,碳税政策最差.若政府单纯以控制碳排放量为目的,许可交易政策是最佳选择.     

专利池形成中的厂商数量门槛值因素分析

专利池的主要功能在于降低专利许可的交易成本, 而该成本随着专利持有厂商数量增加而递增。针对这种专利持有厂商数量与专利池形成之间的关系, 在博弈论框架内, 分是否形成专利池、决定对外授权规模和产品市场竞争三个博弈阶段, 分析了交易成本、专利许可费率对专利池形成所要求的最低专利持有厂商数量的影响。研究结论表明专利池的形成对专利持有厂商数量有一个门槛值要求, 该门槛值随交易成本和专利许可费率反向变化。同时, 专利许可费率存在一个与专利持有厂商数量相关的边界值, 低于该边界值, 专利池最佳对外授权规模随着许可费率而递增, 高于该边界值, 最佳对外授权规模随着许可费率而下降, 在边界值处最佳对外授权规模达到最大值。     

古诺竞争条件下分权组织企业的技术许可策略

在最终产品市场存在古诺竞争的条件下,构建了拥有成本降低型技术创新的分权组织企业的技术许可博弈模型.利用动态博弈的逆向归纳求解方法,分析了固定费用许可和纯产量提成许可两种许可机制.研究结果表明:非显著创新下的最优策略取决于创新规模的大小,显著创新下的最优策略为固定费用许可.最后,对集权和分权两种组织结构下的最优许可策略做了比较分析.     

差别定价下考虑专利保护的闭环供应链协作机制

利用博弈论中的相关原理,研究了由一原制造商,一回收制造商和一零售商构成的三级闭环供应链系统.在系统中,原制造商通过向回收制造商收取专利许可费授权其进行再制造,消费者对新产品和再制造品的认可存在差异.研究表明:集中决策下供应链的运作效率明显高于分散决策;无论集中还是分散决策,再制造水平的提高均有利于提高再制品需求量,尽管会抑制部分新产品需求,但仍会使各方利润的增加;在分散决策下再制造节约成本和再制造率的提高均会使原制造商提高单位专利许可费来获取更多利润.最后通过利润分享机制实现了供应链的整体协调,并用一算例对主要结论进行了验证.     

考虑消费者策略行为的全渠道两阶段广告投放与动态定价决策

在需求为导向的全渠道市场环境下，切实从消费者行为属性制定广告与价格营销策略是促进全渠道零售长足发展的关键。本文将消费者策略行为引入到全渠道零售中，构建零售商在两阶段均不投放广告、第一阶段正常期投放广告及第二阶段优惠期投放广告等三种广告决策模式下全渠道两阶段广告投放与动态定价模型，探讨全渠道零售商的最优响应策略，并对模型进行数值算例。研究发现：当消费者的策略性水平较低时，零售商选择在正常期(优惠期)投放广告策略下，正常期产品定价较高(较低),优惠期产品定价较低(较高);零售商在正常期或优惠期投放广告对正常期销量都是有利的；当消费者的策略性水平较低或广告的影响系数较低时，零售商选择在正常期投放广告能获得最优收益；当消费者的策略性水平偏高、广告的影响系数适中时，零售商在优惠期投放广告是最优的；当消费者的策略性水平及广告的影响系数都偏高时，零售商选择在两阶段均不投放广告是最优策略。     

基于权益再融资与策略性债务支付的公司财务困境纾解研究

为了应对公司财务困境问题,在兼顾股东与债权人利益的基础上,采用激励相容理论,构建了基于权益再融资和策略性债务支付的公司定价模型,厘清了权益再融资、债务重组、财务困境及其伴生的再谈判之间的关系,据此提出了一种公司财务困境纾解方案。特别地,给出了策略性债务支付下进行权益再融资的可行性依据,并辅以再谈判手段及股东、债权人双方利益最大化目标,确定了最优重组边界及最优减记息票。分析结果表明:①将策略性债务支付置于财务困境之后、兼容权益再融资的综合方案,可在一定程度上避免策略性债务支付行为的投机性所导致的对公司定价的高估,产生了在一定条件下增加债务价值、放缓信用价差增长速度的效果;②权益再融资成本与信用价差之间呈现倒U型关系;③基于纳什均衡博弈的策略性债务支付减记息票不受流动性及权益再融资的影响,并可保证其处于公司的支付能力之内。     

带有N政策的完全可视常数重试排队的均衡策略（英文）

有相关文献研究了带有N政策的几乎不可视常数重试排队的均衡行为和社会最优化.服务台前没有等待空间,顾客到达时发现服务台不是空闲的则要么永久的离开,要么在等待清单上留下个人的信息.每一次服务之后,服务台都会以一个常数重试率从等待清单上搜寻一位顾客.当系统为空时,服务台关闭,直到等待清单上的顾客数达到一个给定的值时,服务台才会重新开启.我们这篇文章研究相应的完全可视情况.我们关注顾客的策略性行为并获得了社会收益的表达式.此外,我们研究了顾客的均衡止步门限,社会最优止步门限以及最优社会收益对N和常数重试率的敏感性分析.     

关于研发机构非显著工艺创新的最优许可研究

研发机构创新成功后,应该重视知识资产的主动管理,在专利许可谈判中科学合理地确定专利许可策略,以追求收益最大化.本文的目的是进一步完善与具体化Kamien,Tauman与Oren(1992)的模型,深入研究研发机构在不同许可机制下对在位厂商的非显著创新许可收益,以及最优许可策略选择.主要结论是:给定厂商数量,当创新规模较小时,研发机构的最优策略为提成许可,其次是不限许可数量的F(F)许可与一级价格密封投标拍卖许可;当创新规模较大时,研发机构的最优策略为拍卖许可,提成许可次之,最后是不限许可数量的F(F)许可.     

基于有限关注的P2P借贷市场监管模式:以百度为例

P2P借贷相对于传统金融中介具有向下整合闲散资金并降低交易成本的优势,在"互联网+"和"大众创业万众创新"的政策背景下能够有效倒逼传统金融中介改革,为创新企业提供资金.但目前行业仍存在严重的监管缺失问题,而银监会等政府部门监管缺乏法律授权,监管行为缺乏积极性.因此,提出了以《互联网信息搜索服务管理规定》为契机,通过监管百度对P2P的推广业务进而规范行业发展的思路,并论证了这种方法的有效性.百度搜索量对P2P用户投资行为的相关性分析表明,监管百度推广业务能有效阻碍问题平台获得用户,进而减少问题平台的产生及影响.     

授权制造下碳交易对制造/再制造影响及协调机制研究

在授权制造下,为分析碳交易对制造/再制造供应链影响和研究供应链协调机制,基于授权制造分别构建由一个原始制造商和一个再制造商参与的分散决策博弈模型和集中决策博弈模型,对比分析政府碳交易政策对两种决策模式最优解影响,并针对制造商分散决策导致的边际损失问题,给出固定授权费的协调机制。研究主要得到:无论分散决策还是集中决策,当碳交易价格大于某一阈值时,碳交易不仅可以降低两种产品对环境的影响,还增加消费者剩余;分散决策时,在碳交易下原始制造商可以通过降低单位授权再制造费用来增加利润;原始制造商和再制造商可以签订固定授权费的契约来协调供应链利润。     

Cournot vs. Bertrand under relative performance delegation: Implications of positive and negative network externalities

This paper demonstrates that relative-performance based strategic managerial delegation does not lead to the equivalence of Bertrand and Cournot equilibria in the presence of network externalities, regardless of the strength and type of network externalities — positive or negative. In the presence of positive network externalities, under relative-performance based delegation, Bertrand competition yields lower prices and profits, and higher quantities, consumers surplus and welfare than Cournot competition. On the contrary, these rankings are completely reversed in the presence of negative network externalities. It also discusses the endogenous choice of price or quantity contract under delegation in the presence of network externalities.     

Reducing incremental costs associated with the delegation of incentive contracting decisions: An analysis of planning and control decisions in a manufacturing setting in the presence of moral hazard

We compare and contrast two specific regimes involving the centralization and delegation of the incentive contracting decision in manufacturing organizations. In the centralization regime, a single individual simultaneously makes the allocation of demand to production facilities and determines the incentive compensation scheme for the managers at the facilities. Under the delegation regime, the demand allocation is decided upon initially by a superior and the incentive contracting decision is subsequently made by a subordinate, who is neither of the two managers in charge of the production facilities. Using the principal–agent paradigm, which assumes that the managerial efforts are unobservable, we demonstrate that the centralization regime performs no worse than the delegation regime. For situations where strategic or other requirements necessitate firms to opt for the delegation of the incentive contracting decision, we propose a heuristic that significantly increases the likelihood of mimicking the allocation and contracting decisions made under the centralized regime.     

Strategic delegation under cost asymmetry revised

We revisit the Cournot duopoly game with strategic delegation and asymmetric costs of Delbono et al. (2016). In particular, the authors claim that a Prisoner Dilemma always arises. However, we show that, by setting properly the admissible parameter set, if the firms are sufficiently different, the efficient firm is better off when both firms delegate production. Therefore, in contrast with the traditional view, we claim that a Prisoner Dilemma is not an inevitable outcome in a strategic delegation game.     

The Time Inconsistency of Delegation-Based Time Inconsistency Solutions in Monetary Policy

A prominent solution to the time-inconsistency problem inherent to monetary policymaking consists of delegating monetary policy to an independent central bank by an appropriately designed inflation contract or target. This paper shows that delegation is not a solution to this problem: optimal delegation requires commitment and is not time-consistent, while time-consistent delegation is suboptimal. We prove these results formally in a popular dynamic model of monetary policy. Introducing costs of reappointing the central banker can only solve this problem if the government is infinitely averse to changing central bank’s contract.     

Nature plays with dice – terrorists do not: Allocating resources to counter strategic versus probabilistic risks

Probabilistic uncertainty is caused by “chance”, whereas strategic uncertainty is caused by an adverse interested party. Using linear impact functions, the problems of allocating a limited resource to defend sites that face either probabilistic risk or strategic risk are formulated as optimization problems that are solved explicitly. The resulting optimal policies differ – under probabilistic risk, the optimal policy is to focus the investment of resources on priority sites where they yield the highest impact, while under strategic risk, the best policy is to spread the resources so as to decrease the potential damage level of the most vulnerable site(s). Neither solution coincides with the commonly practiced proportionality allocation scheme.     

企业内部的随机分权

在一个信息传递模型框架中考察多部门组织内部权力的随机配置. 研究结论表明,在特定参数范围内,随机分权能提升组织治理局部适应和部门协调的能力;而且,数值分析表明最优组织结构下的集权概率随着部门协调需求和部门经理层激励冲突的上升而增加. 因此,组织主动引入权力配置不确定性本身可能就是最优组织结构的组成部分,从而为随机分权提供了一种理论解读.     

Equilibrium Joining Strategy in a Batch Transfer Queuing System with Gated Policy

Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability - In this paper, strategic behavior of passengers in a batch transfer queuing system with gated policy under complete information is investigated....     

Strategic delegation in a differentiated duopoly with asymmetric costs

This paper examines the impact of product differentiation on strategic delegation in a Cournot duopoly with asymmetric costs. We show that compared with the no-delegation case, when both firms delegate, although the cost-inefficient firm always gets worse, the efficient firm gets better when the degree of product differentiation is sufficiently low and/or the cost asymmetry is sufficiently large. Moreover, as products become closer substitutes, the efficient firm always makes its manager more aggressive, however, the inefficient firm may make its manager less aggressive.     

Strategic revenue management of preemptive versus non-preemptive queues

Consider a two-class unobservable priority queue, with Poisson arrivals, generally distributed service, and strategic customers. Customers are charged a fee when joining the premium class. We analyze the maximum revenue achievable under the non-preemptive (NP) and preemptive-resume (PR) policies, and show that a provider is always better off implementing the PR policy. Further, the maximum revenue under PR is sometimes achieved when only a fraction of the customers join the premium class.     

粮食价格补贴政策的理论分析

本文利用经济学原理对我国政府采取的粮食价格补贴政策进行了理论分析和评价，说明这一政策能改变粮食市场需求曲线的弹性，减小粮食价格的波动，提高粮食产量。尽管这一政策会增大社会成本，但总的来说利大于弊，对人口众多的我国来讲尤其具有战略意义。