基于DEA-AHP的物流系统绩效评价研究

本文在建立物流系统综合评价层次模型的基础上,基于数据包络分析方法无法考虑决策者偏好及层次分析方法主观性影响过大的缺陷,提出了DEA和AHP相结合的方法对物流系统绩效进行了评价,不同于以往文献对两种方法结合的研究从本质上没有体现决策者偏好的问题,本文提出的方法首先使用AHP方法求出各一层指标的权重,再分别对每个一层指标下的因素使用DEA方法求出各系统的相对效率值,最后将各指标权重和相对效率值结合求出各物流系统的整体效率值并进行排序,该方法在有效地结合两种方法优点的同时,很好的弥补了两种方法的不足,最终的实例分析体现了该方法的适用性和可操作性。     

Efficiency analysis in multi-period systems: an application to performance evaluation in Czech higher education

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for efficiency and performance analysis of decision making units. The paper deals with production systems where decision making units are described by their inputs and outputs in several consecutive periods. The paper presents (Park and Park in Eur J Oper Res 193(2):567–580, 2009) multi-period DEA model that is oriented on the “best” period of the unit under evaluation only. This aim of this paper is to overcome the disadvantage of this model and formulate new models of this class that allow evaluation the efficiency of decision making units within the whole production chain. The presented efficiency and super-efficiency multi-period DEA models are illustrated on a case study. The study consists in analysis of research and teaching performance of 19 Czech economic faculties in four years period from 2009 until 2012. The model considers two inputs (number of academic employees and labour costs) and two outputs for teaching efficiency (number of students and number of graduated). Research efficiency is expressed using the number of publications in various important categories and the number of so called RIV points that describe the quality of publications.     

基于输出的C~2GS~2模型对学习成绩(效果)的评价

学生学习成绩的评价是提高教学质量和学生学习能力的一个重要方面,传统的评价方法只能从最后成绩的优劣给出结论,未能考虑学生的学习基础.分别利用DEA(C2R)模型和基于输出DEA(C2GS2)模型对学生学习效果进行评价,模型仿真结果充分表明该方法更客观、公正,避免了只考虑最终成绩不考虑入学基础以及由于各科出题难度和评分不统一时造成的评价偏颇问题.     

如何在高等数学教学中培养学生的创新思维

创新是当今的时代精神.创新能力的培养是实施素质教育的重要目标之一.高等数学作为高等教育的重点基础课程,在训练和培养学生创新能力方面具有重要地位.如何在高等数学教学过程中培养学生的创新思维,提高创新能力是我们高等数学教学改革的重要任务.文章通过对当前教育形势的分析以及创新思维的特点的思考,从教学理念、教学模式以及教学内容三个方面讨论了在高等数学教学过程中学生的创新思维的培养问题.     

Interval cross efficiency for fully ranking decision making units using DEA/AHP approach

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a popular technique for measuring the relative efficiency of a set of decision making units (DMUs). Fully ranking DMUs is a traditional and important topic in DEA. In various types of ranking methods, cross efficiency method receives much attention from researchers because it evaluates DMUs by using self and peer evaluation. However, cross efficiency score is usual nonuniqueness. This paper combines the DEA and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to fully rank the DMUs that considers all possible cross efficiencies of a DMU with respect to all the other DMUs. We firstly measure the interval cross efficiency of each DMU. Based on the interval cross efficiency, relative efficiency pairwise comparison between each pair of DMUs is used to construct interval multiplicative preference relations (IMPRs). To obtain the consistency ranking order, a method to derive consistent IMPRs is developed. After that, the full ranking order of DMUs from completely consistent IMPRs is derived. It is worth noting that our DEA/AHP approach not only avoids overestimation of DMUs’ efficiency by only self-evaluation, but also eliminates the subjectivity of pairwise comparison between DMUs in AHP. Finally, a real example is offered to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed procedure.     

教学质量评估的定量比较评价模型

依据华南农业大学 2 0 0 2学年第一学期课堂教学质量评估卡的调查数据 ,利用层次分析法建立了学生评价教师教学质量的定量评价模型 P =WR,并应用该模型对担任数学类课程的 1 3位教师的课堂教学质量作了定量比较分析 .分析结果表明 ,近几年来的扩招 ,对教师的教学提出了新的要求 ,在教学内容、教学手段、教学方法等方面 ,应做出相应的调整 ,才能收到好的教学效果 .     

基于Fuzzy-AHP的应用BIM教学评价研究

为评价BIM技术应用于教学的效果,在搜集评价指标的基础上,从专家、学生、同行三方面采集样本数据,应用粗糙集对评价指标进行约简,采用层次分析法确定评价指标的权重,应用模糊综合评判法建立课堂教学质量评价模型.最后通过实例证明,应用BIM进行教学取得了很好的教学效果.     

基于BSC&AHP的高校院系本科教学工作绩效评估模型的构建与应用

高等学校各院系办学绩效水平直接关系到高校人才培养的质量,本文针对目前高等院校对下属各院系本科教学考核评估指标权重确定方法中存在的问题,将平衡记分卡(BSC)和层次分析法(AHP)引入到本科教学工作绩效评估中,设计了一种用来确定高校对本科教学目标管理量化考核评估指标权重的决策方法既是一种理论创新,也是一种方法创新。解决了以往凭经验确定指标权重导致评估失衡的问题。     

Evaluating the performance of Brazilian university hospitals

In order to demonstrate how DEA modeling can be helpful to aid decision making relative to the Brazilian Teaching Hospital Policy by means of hospital performance assessment, we develop a case study with 30 general hospitals linked to Brazilian Federal Universities. We consider data on medical care (Medical Model—MM), teaching and research (Teaching-Research Model—TRM) and use the software IDEAL (Interactive Data Envelopment Analysis Laboratory) as a tool for the units’ efficiency evaluation. IDEAL, developed in Brazil, is unique in providing a 3-D frontiers visualization, assisting in exploratory analysis and allowing a better understanding of the DEA modeling (envelopment and multiplier). Both models are input-oriented and each hospital is categorized according to its relative efficiency in the MM and TRM. In this phase, it is very important to discuss with the decision-makers the results and patterns of the DEA models. Finally, the modelling indicates the necessary changes for the inefficient units and generates recommendations for teaching ratios and public financing.     

Applying integrated DEA/AHP to evaluate the economic performance of local governments in China

This paper aims at integrating data envelopment analysis (DEA) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the economic development achieved by local governments in China. Since most similar evaluations are multi-objection problems, which both DEA and AHP are capable of solving, the integration of these two approaches is shown to be even more powerful. The proposed integrated DEA/AHP model can evaluate and rank different alternatives. In addition, a time-scale comparison of the economic performances of local governments in China was carried out using the malmquist productivity index (MPI), which indicated that there is a trend of economic growth. However, empirical results indicate that after discounting the advantages of location and political connections, the east district provinces of China do not have superior economic performance or a better MPI index, as compared with other districts. This result is contrary to our original hypothesis.     

教师课堂教学质量的对应分析

教师课堂教学质量的优劣,直接影响着学生的学习效果和人才培养的质量,关系到学校的办学水平.科学分析研究教师的课堂教学质量,优化教学过程,实现教师和学生的全面发展,对提高整个高等教育的质量意义重大.以重庆第二师范学院经济与工商管理系为例,运用对应分析方法,分析了不同教师课堂教学的现状和特点,找出了影响课堂教学质量的因素,并针对各个不同类型的教师组提出分类引导,及时改进教学工作,提高课堂教学质量的建议.     

基于DEA/AHP两阶段的工程项目评标方法研究

提出了一种基于DEA/AHP两阶段的工程项目评标方法,首先运用模糊综合评判法来确定定性指标的得分并将其作为定性指标值;其次运用DEA方法计算每一对投标方案相对效率的比值并以此为基础构造判断矩阵;最后运用单一层次的AHP方法对各投标方案进行全排序.通过实例分析表明,方法科学实用,能够为一般的工程项目评标活动提供有效的参考.     

Measuring teaching efficiency in higher education: An application of data envelopment analysis to economics graduates from UK Universities 1993

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is applied to 2547 Economics graduates from UK Universities in 1993 in order to assess teaching efficiency. Following a methodology developed by [Education Economics 10(2) (2002) 183–207], each individual’s efficiency is decomposed into two components: one attributable to the university at which the student studied, and the other attributable to the student himself. From the former component, a measure of each institution’s teaching efficiency is derived and compared to efficiency scores derived from a conventional DEA applied using each Economics department as a decision making unit (DMU). The results suggest that efficiencies derived from DEAs performed at an aggregate level include both institution and individual components, and are therefore misleading. Thus the unit of analysis in a DEA is highly important. Moreover, an analysis at the individual level can give institutions insight into whether it is the students’ own efforts or the institution’s efficiency which are a constraint on increased efficiency. This has implications for the choice of strategy for improving efficiency.     

基于DEA-ANP的快递企业绩效评价研究

在建立快递企业绩效评价模型时,提出了利用DEA和ANP相结合对快递企业绩效进行评价的方法.不同于之前研究,文中提出的方法使用ANP替换AHP,充分考虑了物流行业的"效益背反"现象.其解决了AHP确定权重时,无法体现元素之间关联性的问题,单独使用DEA评价时,无法考虑决策者偏好的弊端.首先,方法基于.ANP方法,求出每个指标的权重,再分别对每个因素使用DEA方法求出各系统的相对效率值;然后,将各指标权重和相对效率值结合,求出各快递企业中营业部的整体效率值并进行排序;最后通过实例分析,验证了此方法的实用性、可操作性及优越性.     

Combining the assumptions of variable and constant returns to scale in the efficiency evaluation of secondary schools

Our paper reports on the use of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the assessment of performance of secondary schools in Malaysia during the implementation of the policy of teaching and learning mathematics and science subjects in the English language (PPSMI). The novelty of our application is that it makes use of the hybrid returns-to-scale (HRS) DEA model. This combines the assumption of constant returns to scale with respect to quantity inputs and outputs (teaching provision and students) and variable returns to scale (VRS) with respect to quality factors (attainment levels on entry and exit) and socio-economic status of student families. We argue that the HRS model is a better-informed model than the conventional VRS model in the described application. Because the HRS technology is larger than the VRS technology, the new model provides a tangibly better discrimination on efficiency than could be obtained by the VRS model. To assess the productivity change of secondary schools over the years surrounding the introduction of the PPSMI policy, we adapt the Malmquist productivity index and its decomposition to the case of HRS model.     

普通高中教育投入绩效评估实证研究——基于江门市47所高中调查的多层数据

基于江门市47所高中调查的多层数据,运用多层统计分析模型,进行普通高中教育投入绩效评估的实证研究,结果表明:中考成绩与学校绩效之间呈负相关态势;高考成绩最重要的决定因素是学生先前的知识储备和起始能力水平;教育经费投入对高考成绩有显著正影响;学校师资质量对提高学生学业成就有正影响;在47所学校中,有18所学校教育绩效较好,有27所学校教育绩效还有待进一步提高,相应的教育资源的配置需要进一步优化等,并提出相应的政策建议.     

Large-scale data envelopment analysis (DEA) implementation: a strategic performance management approach

We present one of the first large-scale implementations of data envelopment analysis (DEA) at the heart of a permanent performance management system in its third year of operation. The system evaluates more than 1000 field unit operations devoted to disaster relief, emergency communications, and life-saving skills training. The following research objectives were accomplished: (a) advanced a conceptual model for measuring performance in the nonprofit sector; (b) adapted a DEA formulation to account for differences in the operational environment of the field units, and included service quality, and effectiveness measures alongside traditional efficiency measures; and (c) created from scratch data collection (service quality and outcome achievement survey instruments) and report generation tools necessary for the deployment of evaluation results to the field in an user-friendly format for managers. While the suitability of DEA for real-life performance measurement is demonstrated, challenges of a DEA implementation are also discussed.     

Context-dependent performance standards in DEA

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical approach to measuring the relative efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs). It is particularly useful where no a priori information on the tradeoffs or relations among various performance measures is available. However, it is very desirable if “evaluation standards,” when they can be established, be incorporated into DEA performance evaluation. This is especially important when service operations are under investigation, because service standards are generally difficult to establish. The approaches that have been developed to incorporate evaluation standards into DEA, as reported in the literature, have tended to be rather indirect, focusing primarily on the multipliers in DEA models. This paper introduces a new way of building performance standards directly into the DEA structure when context-dependent activity matrixes exist for different classes of DMUs. For example, two sets of branches, whose transaction times are known to be different from each other, usually have two different activity matrixes. We develop a procedure so that a set of standard DMUs can be generated and incorporated directly into the DEA analysis. The proposed approach is applied to a sample of 100 branches of a major Canadian bank where different sets of time standards exist for three distinct groups of branches.     

Using DEA for planning in UK universities—an institutional perspective

This paper is focused on the process of performance measurement undertaken by different stakeholders in the UK higher education sector, focusing on the institutional perspective. Different classes of stakeholders have different motivations to measure performance. Institutions will be affected on the one hand by the state evaluation of them, and on the other by the applicant's. The contribution of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to inform management is explored and illustrated in an application to the University of Warwick, using concepts from a technique to support strategic option formulation, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix.     

Performance assessment of secondary schools: the snapshot of a country taken by DEA

This paper describes a performance assessment of Portuguese secondary schools using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The assessment adopts a perspective where schools are viewed as promoting students achievement given their characteristics in terms of academic abilities and socio-economic background. Our sample comprised all secondary schools in Portugal with both basic and secondary education levels. Two types of DEA analysis are performed: one using an output-oriented model that restricts output (exam scores) weights to be linked to the number of students that have done that exam in the school, and the other using a model that restricts factor weights to be equal for all schools. In this model the weight restrictions are linked to the total number of exams done nationally. The first model is well suited for identifying worst performing schools and to assess schools that may specialize in certain subjects, whereas the latter is best suited for improving discrimination between best performing schools when pursuing the identification of benchmarks, as well as to construct performance rankings.