协方差矩阵退化情形均值-CVaR模型的有效边界

本文利用CVaR方法代替方差或CVaR来度量风险,建立了均值-CVaR模型,首先利用等CVaR线的方法研究了包含无风险资产的均值-CVaR模型的有效边界,然后在无套利假设下研究了当风险资产的协方差矩阵是奇异时的均值-CVaR模型,并得到了正态情形下模型的有效边界及其解析表达式.     

CVaR风险度量模型在投资组合中的运用

风险价值(VaR)是近年来金融机构广泛运用的风险度量指标，条件风险价值(CVaR)是VaR的修正模型，也称为平均超额损失或尾部VaR，它比VaR具有更好的性质。在本中，我们将运用风险度量指标VaR和CVaR，提出一个新的最优投资组合模型。介绍了模型的算法，而且利用我国的股票市场进行了实证分析，验证了新模型的有效性，为制定合理的投资组合提供了一种新思路。     

需求可变性降低对均值CVaR约束销售努力决策库存系统的影响

本文运用Levy提出的变换研究需求可变性降低对风险偏好零售商的库存决策、销售努力决策和期望效用的影响,用均值CVaR刻画零售商的风险偏好特性,它包括风险厌恶、风险追求,也具有损失规避的特性。首先,运用该变换定量刻画需求可变性的降低,证明该变换蕴含经典随机占优中的割准则序和二阶随机占优等。其次,给出系统的最优订货量、最优期望效用和最优销售努力水平,得到它们关于风险偏好系数的单调性,并给出降低需求可变性对期望效用的影响。第三,针对风险中性、风险厌恶(最大化CVaR)和风险追求(最小化CVaR)这三种特殊情况得到相应的结果,并给出企业在库存决策和促销决策的管理启示。最后,通过数值例子验证了得到的研究结果并给出相应的管理启示。     

CVaR准则下的双层报童问题模型研究

本文以供应商为领导层,零售商为从属层。基于CVaR(Conditional Value-at- Risk)准则,建立了两个双层报童问题模型.对于零售商,在兼顾其利润收益的同时,使用了CVaR风险计量方法对其风险进行了有效监控.然后根据模型中下层规划的特点及已有结论将双层规划模型转换成单层规划进行求解,数值计算结果表明模型是有意义的.     

一种多目标条件风险值数学模型

研究了一种多目标条件风险值(CVaR)数学模型理论.先定义了一种多目标损失函数下的α-VaR和α-CVaR值,给出了多目标CVaR最优化模型.然后证明了多目标意义下的α-VaR和α-CVaR值的等价定理,并且给出了对于多目标损失函数的条件风险值的一致性度量性质.最后,给出了多目标CVaR模型的近似求解模型.     

CVaR鲁棒均值-CVaR投资组合模型与求解

传统的均值-风险(包括方差、VaR、CVaR等)组合选择模型在计算最优投资组合时,常假定均值是已知的常值,但在实际资产配置中,收益的均值估计会有偏差,即存在着估计风险.在利用CVaR测度估计风险的基础上,研究了CVaR鲁棒均值-CVaR投资组合选择模型,给出了另外两种不同的求解方法,即对偶法和光滑优化方法,并探讨了它们的相关性质及特征,数值实验表明在求解大样本或者大规模投资组合选择问题上,对偶法和光滑优化方法在计算上是可行且有效的.     

含MCVaR的投资组合优化统一模型

研究了Duarte提出的投资组合优化统一模型及条件风险价值(CVaR),分析了以CVaR为风险度量的投资组合优化模型的具体形式,建立了统一七种模型的投资组合优化统一模型,并发现统一模型是一个凸二次规划问题.     

条件VaR和条件CVaR的核估计及其实证分析

VaR和CVaR是目前两种主流风险度量工具。条件VaR和条件CVaR是基于市场风险因子在已知条件(或信息)下的分布来计量和测算VaR和CVaR,能够及时地根据变化的条件来重新估计风险进而进行有效的风险管理,是对传统的基于边际分布的VaR和CVaR指标的有益补充。另外一方面,近年来非参数核估计方法因模型设定灵活、方便处理变量相依结构等优点备受关注。在本文,我们用条件VaR和条件CVaR的非参数核估计法,对我国A股市场的风险进行测算。结果得出:条件VaR和条件CVaR能揭示出深证成指和上证综指之间的不同风险特征;条件VaR和条件CVaR的测算结果并非总是一致;系统风险估计值对已知条件的敏感性高于深发展A和万科A两只股票的个股风险。以上风险特征在边际VaR和边际CVaR下无法得到。     

基于半参数EGARCH模型的VaR和CVaR度量与实证研究

本文主要是运用半参数EGARCH模型研究中国股票市场风险.首先,运用半参数EGARCH模型估计波动率.其次,研究中国股票市场风险,即估计VaR和CVaR值.最后,利用半参数EG;ARCH模型对上证指数进行实证分析。结果表明,半参数EGARCH模型比一般的EGARCH模型能更准确地度量中国股市风险。     

Mean-CVaR模型下的资产组合和破产风险控制

为了克服尾部风险测度CVaR模型本身的不足，并且给“如何实现资产组合的破产风险与期望利润的最优配置”问题提供一个更加符合现实的答案，本文在CVaR模型基础上，通过把风险资本的来源内生于资本禀赋以及把风险资本的机会成本引入利润函数的方式提出了线性Mean—CVaR模型。同时，本文通过对“上证50”成分股进行选择的实证分析给出了由线形Mean—CVaR模型得到的更加合理的资产组合与资本储备。     

Parametric network utility maximization problem

We show how to solve the parametric utility maximization problem with a continuous parameter in a finite number of steps in order to obtain a solution with given accuracy. Also, we propose a new approach for the discretization of time for the parametric utility maximization problem with Lipschitz utility function. Some numerical results are provided.     

On the comparison of risk-neutral and risk-averse newsvendor problems

The objective of this paper is to investigate and compare the relationship between risk-neutral and risk-averse newsvendor problems under three different decision criteria: expected utility (EU) maximization, mean-variance (MV) analysis, and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) minimization. Several models in the literature have shown that for special cases of the newsvendor problem (eg, no salvage value, no shortage penalty, and with recourse option), a risk-averse newsvendor orders less than a risk-neutral newsvendor. First, we present an observation about the EU maximization models with such special cases where a risk-averse newsvendor orders less than a risk-neutral one. We note that this observation does not extend to the newsvendor problem with positive shortage penalty. Using several counterexamples, we demonstrate that the common wisdom that a risk-averse newsvendor orders less than a risk-neutral newsvendor is not true in general. Second, we demonstrate, analytically where possible and numerically if not, that the comparison of the optimal order quantities of risk-neutral and risk-averse newsvendors depends on the key assumptions regarding the model inputs, namely, the decision criterion, the demand distribution and the cost parameters such as shortage penalty and unit ordering cost. Third, we show that EU and the MV criteria yield consistent results while EU and CVaR criteria may yield consistent or conflicting results depending on the loss function used for the CVaR criterion.     

Dual control Monte-Carlo method for tight bounds of value function under Heston stochastic volatility model

The aim of this paper is to study the fast computation of the lower and upper bounds on the value function for utility maximization under the Heston stochastic volatility model with general utility functions. It is well known there is a closed form solution to the HJB equation for power utility due to its homothetic property. It is not possible to get closed form solution for general utilities and there is little literature on the numerical scheme to solve the HJB equation for the Heston model. In this paper we propose an efficient dual control Monte-Carlo method for computing tight lower and upper bounds of the value function. We identify a particular form of the dual control which leads to the closed form upper bound for a class of utility functions, including power, non-HARA and Yaari utilities. Finally, we perform some numerical tests to see the efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of the method. The numerical results support strongly our proposed scheme.     

Dynamic conditional value-at-risk model for routing and scheduling of hazardous material transportation networks

This paper illustrates a dynamic model of conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure for risk assessment and mitigation of hazardous material transportation in supply chain networks. The well-established market risk measure, CVaR, which is commonly used by financial institutions for portfolio optimizations, is investigated. In contrast to previous works, we consider CVaR as the main objective in the optimization of hazardous material (hazmat) transportation network. In addition to CVaR minimization and route planning of a supply chain network, the time scheduling of hazmat shipments is imposed and considered in the present study. Pertaining to the general dynamic risk model, we analyzed several scenarios involving a variety of hazmats and time schedules with respect to optimal route selection and CVaR minimization. A solution algorithm is then proposed for solving the model, with verifications made using numerical examples and sensitivity analysis.     

Portfolio selection problem with multiple risky assets under the constant elasticity of variance model

This paper focuses on the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model for studying the utility maximization portfolio selection problem with multiple risky assets and a risk-free asset. The Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation associated with the portfolio optimization problem is established. By applying a power transform and a variable change technique, we derive the explicit solution for the constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) utility function when the elasticity coefficient is −1 or 0. In order to obtain a general optimal strategy for all values of the elasticity coefficient, we propose a model with two risky assets and one risk-free asset and solve it under a given assumption. Furthermore, we analyze the properties of the optimal strategies and discuss the effects of market parameters on the optimal strategies. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the similarities and differences between the results of the two models proposed in this paper.     

A control approach to robust utility maximization with logarithmic utility and time-consistent penalties

We propose a stochastic control approach to the dynamic maximization of robust utility functionals that are defined in terms of logarithmic utility and a dynamically consistent convex risk measure. The underlying market is modeled by a diffusion process whose coefficients are driven by an external stochastic factor process. In particular, the market model is incomplete. Our main results give conditions on the minimal penalty function of the robust utility functional under which the value function of our problem can be identified with the unique classical solution of a quasilinear PDE within a class of functions satisfying certain growth conditions. The fact that we obtain classical solutions rather than viscosity solutions facilitates the use of numerical algorithms, whose applicability is demonstrated in examples.     

Newsvendor solutions via conditional value-at-risk minimization

In this paper, we consider the minimization of the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), a most preferable risk measure in financial risk management, in the context of the well-known single-period newsvendor problem, which is originally formulated as the maximization of the expected profit or the minimization of the expected cost. We show that downside risk measures including the CVaR are tractable in the problem due to their convexity, and consequently, under mild assumptions on the probability distribution of products’ demand, we provide analytical solutions or linear programming (LP) formulation of the minimization of the CVaR measures defined with two different loss functions. Numerical examples are also exhibited, clarifying the difference among the models analyzed in this paper, and demonstrating the efficiency of the LP solutions.     

On optimal investment in a reinsurance context with a point process market model

We study an insurance model where the risk can be controlled by reinsurance and investment in the financial market. We consider a finite planning horizon where the timing of the events, namely the arrivals of a claim and the change of the price of the underlying asset(s), corresponds to a Poisson point process. The objective is the maximization of the expected total utility and this leads to a nonstandard stochastic control problem with a possibly unbounded number of discrete random time points over the given finite planning horizon. Exploiting the contraction property of an appropriate dynamic programming operator, we obtain a value-iteration type algorithm to compute the optimal value and strategy and derive its speed of convergence. Following Schäl (2004) we consider also the specific case of exponential utility functions whereby negative values of the risk process are penalized, thus combining features of ruin minimization and utility maximization. For this case we are able to derive an explicit solution. Results of numerical computations are also reported.     

Heston随机波动率模型下带负债的投资组合博弈

本文研究了Heston随机波动模型下两个投资人之间的随机微分投资组合博弈问题。假设金融市场上存在价格过程服从常微分方程的无风险资产和价格过程服从Heston随机波动率模型的风险资产。该博弈问题被构造成两个效用最大化问题,每个投资者的目标是最大化终止时刻个人财富与竞争对手财富差的效用。首先,我们应用动态规划原理,得出了相应值函数所满足的HJB方程。然后,得到了在幂期望效用框架下非零和博弈的均衡投资策略和值函数的显式表达。最后,借助数值模拟,分析了模型中的参数对均衡投资策略和值函数的影响,从而为资产负债管理提供一定的理论指导。     

An exact method for constrained maximization of the conditional value-at-risk of a class of stochastic submodular functions

We consider a class of risk-averse submodular maximization problems (RASM) where the objective is the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) of a random nondecreasing submodular function at a given risk level. We propose valid inequalities and an exact general method for solving RASM under the assumption that we have an efficient oracle that computes the CVaR of the random function. We demonstrate the proposed method on a stochastic set covering problem that admits an efficient CVaR oracle for the random coverage function.