保辛水波动力学

初步介绍了基于位移表示的水波动力学理论,给出了线性水波、浅水波的位移周期行波解.提出保辛摄动法,计算一般水深周期行波解,并通过数值算例验证了算法的正确性.该研究注重水波的动力学属性,可以直接给出质点粒子的轨迹,模拟出水面尖锐的周期行波解.     

水波的界带有限元

研究了水波计算的位移法.采用物质坐标,以位移为基本未知量,考虑小变形条件,引入流函数满足不可压缩条件.于是,分析力学的变分原理可以运用了,界带有限元、正则变换、保辛积分等有效手段可使数值求解方便得多.     

直接边界积分方法计算水波的稳定性

1.引 言 数值模拟流体自由界面运动一直是研究水波的主要方法.海浪攀爬海岸的研究是水动力学中的一个很经典且很具有挑战性的课题,因为在水面附近的方程是高度非线性的.对于二维情形下有一致倾斜度的海岸上的水波,Carrier＆Greeenspan[7]建立了基于浅水模型的非线性理论,Tuck＆Hwang引入变量代换,把最初的非线性方程转变成更容易分析的线性方程.这种直接对单一流体用浅水方程计算自由界面的办法仍然被广泛应用.Zhang,Wu,Hou[23]给出了这个问题的Euler-Langrange混合格式,Li ＆ Zhang[13]借助这个格式,并引入人工边界条件对海浪攀爬海岸问题进行了整体的数值模拟.     

非线性最优控制问题的保辛多层次求解方法

将非线性系统的最优控制问题导向Hamilton系统,提出了求解非线性最优控制问题的保辛多层次方法．首先,以时间区段两端状态为独立变量并在区段内采用Lagrange插值近似状态和协态变量,通过对偶变量变分原理将非线性最优控制问题转化为非线性方程组的求解．然后,在保辛算法的具体实施过程中提出了多层次求解思想,以2N类算法为基础由低层次到高层次加密离散时间区段,利用Lagrange插值得到网格加密后的初始状态与协态变量作为求解非线性方程组的初值,可提高计算效率．数值算例验证了算法在求解效率与求解精度上的有效性．     

特征化积分格式的设计及其在浅水波问题中的应用

本文介绍一种简单而又行之有效的顺风型格式——特征化积分格式的设计方法及应用技术,用这种方法设计的顺风型格式不受方程有型性的限制,容易推广,又能比较灵活地调节数值耗散性,使之适用不同的间断解的要求.本文利用这种方法作了非线性水波在岸上的变形、破碎过程的数值模拟.结果表明方法稳定、有效;同时作了二维溃坝灾害的数值模拟,表明方法向多维推广的简单、可行性.     

基于拟线性化方法的非线性系统闭环反馈控制保辛算法

提出了一种求解非线性系统闭环反馈控制问题的保辛算法．首先,通过拟线性化方法将非线性系统最优控制问题转化为线性非齐次Hamilton系统两端边值问题的迭代格式求解．然后,通过作用量变分原理与生成函数构造了保辛的数值算法,且该算法保持了原Hamilton系统的辛几何性质．最后,通过时间步的递进完成状态与控制变量的更新,进而达到闭环控制的目的．数值算例表明:保辛算法具有较高的计算精度和较快的收敛速度．此外,将闭环反馈控制与开环控制分别应用于驱动小车上的倒立摆控制系统中,结果表明:在存在初始偏差的情况下,开环控制会导致稳定控制任务的失败,而闭环反馈控制能够在一段时间后消除初始偏差的影响,并使系统达到稳定状态．     

奇异边界法分析含水下障碍物水域中的水波传播问题

研究奇异边界法模拟水波在含水下障碍物水域的传播过程.奇异边界法是一种最近提出的新型边界配点方法,具有无网格和无数值积分、数学简单、编程容易等优点.首先研究了奇异边界法分析典型水波算例的精度及效率,并与边界元法的计算结果进行比较,然后通过数值模拟讨论分析了水下障碍物位置、尺寸及形状等因素对水波传播的影响.发现奇异边界法的计算精度较高,且与边界元法的计算结果吻合较好;数值结果显示水下障碍物的不同高宽比对水波的传播影响明显:障碍物无量纲高度越大对水波的屏障作用越明显;障碍物无量纲宽度增加对水波的屏障作用先增强后变弱.在高宽比一定时,斜率变化对水波的屏障作用不明显;含吸收边界水下障碍物可以得到较低的传递系数和较高的反射系数, 对水波的屏障作用更为明显.     

长水波近似方程组的动力学行为和辛几何算法

长水波近似方程组作为一类重要的非线性方程有着许多广泛的应用前景,特别是在浅水非线性色散波的研究中具有重要意义.给出了长水波近似方程组的动力学行为,并基于Hamilton空间体系的多辛理论研究了长水波近似方程组的数值解法,讨论了利用Preissmann方法构造离散多辛格式的途径,并构造了一种典型的半隐式的多辛格式,格式满足多辛守恒律.数值算例结果表明该多辛离散格式具有较好的长时间数值稳定性.     

刚-柔体动力学方程的保辛摄动迭代法

针对刚-柔体动力学方程,提出保辛摄动迭代算法.该方法把刚-柔体动力学方程的低频运动和高频振动分开处理,用保辛摄动的思想来处理低、高频耦合作用,从而可以采用较大时间步长进行数值积分,即可给出满意的数值结果,很好地解决了刚性积分问题.数值算例表明该方法是可行的.     

多步双变量Chebyshev谱配置方法求解初边值问题

提出了单步和多步双变量Chebyshev配置方法,用于求解非线性发展型偏微分方程的初边值问题.单步格式容易实施并且具有谱精度,并给出了多步方法的收敛性分析.数值实验表明:多步双变量Chebyshev谱配置方法在非线性发展型偏微分方程问题求解中是非常有效的,与理论分析一致,特别适合于长时间问题的数值模拟.     

On the interaction of deep water waves and exponential shear currents

A train of periodic deep-water waves propagating on a steady shear current with a vertical distribution of vorticity is investigated by an analytic method, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The magnitude of the vorticity varies exponentially with the magnitude of the stream function, while remaining constant on a particular streamline. The so-called Dubreil–Jacotin transformation is used to transfer the original exponentially nonlinear boundary-value problem in an unknown domain into an algebraically nonlinear boundary-value problem in a known domain. Convergent series solutions are obtained not only for small amplitude water waves on a weak current but also for large amplitude waves on a strong current. The nonlinear wave-current interaction is studied in detail. It is found that an aiding shear current tends to enlarge the wave phase speed, sharpen the wave crest, but shorten the maximum wave height, while an opposing shear current has the opposite effect. Besides, the amplitude of waves and fluid velocity decay over the depth more quickly on an aiding shear current but more slowly on an opposing shear current than that of waves on still water. Furthermore, it is found that Stokes criteria of wave breaking is still valid for waves on a shear current: a train of propagating waves on a shear current breaks as the fiuid velocity at crest equals the wave phase speed. Especially, it is found that the highest waves on an opposing shear current are even higher and steeper than that of waves on still water. Mathematically, this analytic method is rather general in principle and can be employed to solve many types of nonlinear partial differential equations with variable coefficients in science, finance and engineering.     

On the interaction of deep water waves and exponential shear currents

A train of periodic deep-water waves propagating on a steady shear current with a vertical distribution of vorticity is investigated by an analytic method, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The magnitude of the vorticity varies exponentially with the magnitude of the stream function, while remaining constant on a particular streamline. The so-called Dubreil–Jacotin transformation is used to transfer the original exponentially nonlinear boundary-value problem in an unknown domain into an algebraically nonlinear boundary-value problem in a known domain. Convergent series solutions are obtained not only for small amplitude water waves on a weak current but also for large amplitude waves on a strong current. The nonlinear wave-current interaction is studied in detail. It is found that an aiding shear current tends to enlarge the wave phase speed, sharpen the wave crest, but shorten the maximum wave height, while an opposing shear current has the opposite effect. Besides, the amplitude of waves and fluid velocity decay over the depth more quickly on an aiding shear current but more slowly on an opposing shear current than that of waves on still water. Furthermore, it is found that Stokes criteria of wave breaking is still valid for waves on a shear current: a train of propagating waves on a shear current breaks as the fiuid velocity at crest equals the wave phase speed. Especially, it is found that the highest waves on an opposing shear current are even higher and steeper than that of waves on still water. Mathematically, this analytic method is rather general in principle and can be employed to solve many types of nonlinear partial differential equations with variable coefficients in science, finance and engineering.     

波浪上方飞行二维地效翼的非线性分析

针对二维波浪上方飞行的非定常二维地效翼进行了非线性分析．通过对二维奇点在规则波上方运动的Green函数的推导,利用离散涡方法解决了二维波浪上方飞行的非定常地效翼的升力问题．针对不同的几何参数和波浪参数对升力系数进行了研究．通过与定常情况的对比,验证了方法的有效性.     

两层密度分层流体毛细重力波三阶Stokes波解

以小振幅波理论为基础,利用摄动方法研究了两层密度成层状态下的毛细重力波,求得了两层密度成层状态下各层流体速度势的三阶解及毛细重力波波面位移的三阶Stokes波解.结果表明:三阶方程的解均受到表面张力的影响.三阶Stokes波解描述了毛细重力波的三阶非线性修正,波速不仅取决于波数和各层流体的厚度,而且还与波幅及表面张力有关.     

Soliton solutions of shallow water wave equations by means of G′/G expansion method

In this work, we investigate the traveling wave solutions for some generalized nonlinear equations: The generalized shallow water wave equation and the Whitham-Broer-Kaup model for dispersive long waves in the shallow water small-amplitude regime. We use the $G'/G$ expansion method to determine different soliton solutions of these models. The conditions of existence and uniqueness of exact solutions are also presented.     

On Periodic Wave Solutions to (1+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Physical Models Using the Sine-Cosine Method

We investigate two interesting (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential evolution equations (NLPDEEs), namely the nonlinear dispersion equation with compact structures and the generalized Camassa–Holm (CH) equation describing the propagation of unidirectional shallow water waves on a flat bottom, and arising in the study of a certain non-Newtonian fluid. Using an interesting technique known as the sine-cosine method for investigating travelling wave solutions to NLPDEEs, we construct many new families of wave solutions to the previous NLPDEEs, amongst which the periodic waves, enriching the wide class of solutions to the above equations.     

On the homotopy multiple-variable method and its applications in the interactions of nonlinear gravity waves

The basic ideas of a homotopy-based multiple-variable method is proposed and applied to investigate the nonlinear interactions of periodic traveling waves. Mathematically, this method does not depend upon any small physical parameters at all and thus is more general than the traditional multiple-scale perturbation techniques. Physically, it is found that, for a fully developed wave system, the amplitudes of all wave components are finite even if the wave resonance condition given by Phillips (1960) is exactly satisfied. Besides, it is revealed that there exist multiple resonant waves, and that the amplitudes of resonant wave may be much smaller than those of primary waves so that the resonant waves sometimes contain rather small part of wave energy. Furthermore, a wave resonance condition for arbitrary numbers of traveling waves with large wave amplitudes is given, which logically contains Phillips’ four-wave resonance condition but opens a way to investigate the strongly nonlinear interaction of more than four traveling waves with large amplitudes. This work also illustrates that the homotopy multiple-variable method is helpful to gain solutions with important physical meanings of nonlinear problems, if the multiple-variables are properly defined with clear physical meanings.     

An Analytical Model of Periodic Waves in Shallow Water

An explicit, analytical model is presented of finite-amplitude waves in shallow water. The waves in question have two independent spatial periods, in two independent horizontal directions. Both short-crested and long-crested waves are available from the model. Every wave pattern is an exact solution of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, and is based on a Riemann theta function of genus 2. These biperiodic waves are direct generalizations of the well-known (simply periodic) cnoidal waves. Just as cnoidal waves are often used as one-dimensional models of “typical” nonlinear, periodic waves in shallow water, these biperiodic waves may be considered to represent “typical” nonlinear, periodic waves in shallow water without the assumption of one-dimensionality.     

Nonlinear low frequency water waves in a cylindrical shell subjected to high frequency excitations – Part I: Experimental study

This paper presents an experimental investigation on nonlinear low frequency gravity water waves in a partially filled cylindrical shell subjected to high frequency horizontal excitations. The characteristics of natural frequencies and mode shapes of the water–shell coupled system are discussed. The boundaries for onset of gravity waves are measured and plotted by curves of critical excitation force magnitude with respect to excitation frequency. For nonlinear water waves, the time history signals and their spectrums of motion on both water surface and shell are recorded. The shapes of water surface are also measured using scanning laser vibrometer. In particular, the phenomenon of transitions between different gravity wave patterns is observed and expressed by the waterfall graphs. These results exhibit pronounced nonlinear properties of shell–fluid coupled system.