多台系统可靠性增长试验方法研究

提出了一种解决多台系统同步投试、同步停止试验和同步改进问题的新模型——指数模型．该模型充分考虑了增长过程中的各种可得信息,包括各改进阶段的失效数、未失效数和失效时间等数据．如果多台系统经过多次同步改进,并且单台系统的可靠性增长符合AMSAA模型,就可以合理地认为在每两个相邻的改进时刻之间,每台系统的失效时间服从指数分布．采用非参数方法得到多台系统在各同步停止试验时刻的可靠度,并利用最小二乘法拟合求得该模型中参数a和b的点估计值,以及参数b的置信限．通过在工程实例中对所提模型和几种已有模型计算结果的比较,说明了所提模型在解决多台系统同步可靠性增长问题中的合理性．     

多应力、多失效模式的集中器可靠性评估方法

为保证集中器在温度、湿度、电应力、振动等多应力复杂环境条件下平稳运行,需要解决综合突变故障和性能退化的可靠性评估问题.因此,针对集中器的温-湿度双应力加速试验,从通信失败的突变失效和模拟量误差超差的退化失效等两种失效模式入手,综合利用AIC/BIC信息准则、退化量分布模型和Peck加速模型等方法,分别给出在不同失效模式下的可靠性评估方法;最后,基于竞争性失效模型,给出了集中器在温-湿度复杂环境下的可靠性综合评估方法.     

基于性能退化的动量轮可靠性建模与评估

为解决长寿命卫星动量轮可靠性评估无失效数据问题,研究基于性能退化的动量轮可靠性建模与评估方法.首先通过失效分析,提出以温度作为动量轮可靠性的特征量.然后利用动量轮温度的遥测数据,建立其温度随时间变化的叠合模型.为解决动量轮试验样本量不足问题,采用Bootstrap仿真方法建立动量轮寿命分布模型,评估其可靠性水平.实例表明,方法能够在无失效数据情况下,利用性能退化数据评估动量轮可靠性,且具有较高精度,为解决无失效数据条件下长寿命卫星动量轮可靠性建模与评估问题提供了一条有效途径.     

基于多项式混沌拓展模型和bootstrap的结构可靠性分析方法

多项式混沌拓展(polynomial chaos expansion,PCE)模型现已发展为全局灵敏度分析的强大工具,却很少作为替代模型用于可靠性分析。针对该模型缺乏误差项从而很难构造主动学习函数来逐步更新的事实,在结构可靠性分析的框架下提出了基于PCE模型和bootstrap重抽样的仿真方法来计算失效概率。首先,对试验设计(experimental design)使用bootstrap重抽样步骤以刻画PCE模型的预测误差;其次,基于这个局部误差构造主动学习函数,通过不断填充试验设计以自适应地更新模型,直到能够精确地逼近真实的功能函数;最后,当PCE模型具有足够精确的拟合、预测能力,再使用蒙特卡洛仿真方法来计算失效概率。提出的平行加点策略既能在模型更新过程中找到改进模型拟合能力的"最好"的点,又考虑了模型拟合的计算量;而且,当失效概率的数量级较低时,PCE-bootstrap步骤与子集仿真(subset simulation)的结合能进一步加速失效概率估计量的收敛。本文方法将PCE模型在概率可靠性领域的应用从灵敏度分析延伸到了可靠性分析,同时,算例分析结果显示了该方法的精确性和高效性。     

相关性失效下的零部件重要度统计评价

重要度评价在可靠性工程中有着举足轻重的地位,是产品可靠性设计的基础.分别研究了在相依部件系统中的部件可靠性重要度与结构重要度.采用多维Copula函数拟合多部件之间的相依结构,从各类型重要度的刻画角度,经过一系列的数学处理,建立相应的相关性失效下零部件重要度评价模型.对于复杂且实用的k/n(G)系统,运用可靠度计算与结构函数表征之间的等效映射来对相关性失效下的三类重要度评价进行建模.     

关于无失效数据情形下的置信限

在本文中，我们对一些常见的可靠性参数了在没有失效数据情形下的置信限，不仅给出了计算最优置信下限的普遍公式，而且对指数分布，Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布和对数正态分布分别导出了具体结果。     

可靠性系列知识讲座 第一讲:可靠性的基本统计知识

介绍了可靠性的基本概念、数据类型、寿命分布、参数估计,特别是用于计算置信限和置信区间的统计量方法和样本空间排序法。     

FTA-GERT网络的构建及其在可靠性增长中的应用

针对FTA(故障树模型)和GERT(图示评审技术)的特点,构建FTA-GERT网络模型,用于描述故障转移状态并可计算网络中的各种概率分布数字特征.考虑复杂装备系统级试验和组件级试验的特点,将该模型运用于可靠性增长评估中,构建可靠性增长FTA-GERT网络模型,将组件级试验数据信息融合后进行系统级可靠性增长评估.通过一个算例说明该模型在可靠性增长中的应用,将组件级试验数据传递为系统级数据.最后,在只知组件级累积失效数据的情况下,传递得到系统级累积失效数据表,并运用Duane模型对该系统进行了可靠性增长的分析,证明所建模型的高效性和实用性.     

电视机高温老炼的可靠性增长分析

黑白电视机在出厂前须经过高温老炼,目的在于剔除早期失效和暴露工艺或元器件的潜在缺陷,使产品批的可靠性得到提高。老炼中可获得大量现场失效信息。本文考虑如何充分利用这些信息,以分析产品和生产的质量状况。产品的老炼过程也是可靠性增长过程,可应用Duane增长模型对老炼失效数据进行拟合。Duane模型是Inc(t)=A+Blnt。其中c(t)是到t时刻的累积故障率,A、B是待定系     

基于云模型的自动化工装装配失效风险评估

为提高我国工业制造领域自动化装配水平与国际竞争力,对识别、评估自动化工装装配失效模式势在必行.在评估过程中克服传统评估过程中数据的不完整性和模糊性的缺陷.首先,运用人机料法环(4M1E)法识别潜在失效风险以构建自动化工装装配风险评估指标体系,并对技术失效模式做了详细分析;其次,基于结合最优传递矩阵性质的层次分析法和邻域粗糙集组合法对指标进行赋权;然后,以云理论为基础建立云模型失效风险综合评估模型;最后,以H企业的EPB工装装配为例,进行装配失效风险评估,结果表明:其评估结果发现EPB工装装配整体处于较高失效风险等级,与实际情况相符,验证了模型具有较好的可行性和有效性.研究结果以期对工装和设备运行的可靠性提供科学依据.     

Transit Vehicle Component Maintenance Policy via Multiple Criteria Decision Making Methods

In recent years much emphasis has been placed on maintenance of transit vehicles. This is due to many reasons: inflation, availability of vehicles for maintenance, reliability of components etc. Many mathematical models have been developed to predict the replacement mileage of the components. These models usually focus on only one criterion for decision-making, namely the minimum replacement cost-rate. This concept tends to oversimplify the situation that is present in the system. In this research, mathematical models were developed for three criteria: (1) minimum replacement cost-rate, (2) maximum availability and (3) bottom-line component reliability. Optimum replacement plans were obtained using different multiple-criteria decision-making methods like Strictest Selection, Lexicographic and Waltz Lexicographic methods.     

Reliability and cost analysis of series system models using fuzzy parametric geometric programming

In this paper, we have discussed series system models with system reliability and cost. We have considered two types of the model; the former focuses on a problem of optimal reliability for series system with cost constraint and the latter is a center system cost model with reliability goal. It is necessary to improve the reliability of the system under limited available cost of system and also to minimize the systems cost subject to target goal of the reliability. Practically, cost of components has always been imprecise with vague in nature. So they are taken as fuzzy in nature and the reliability models are formulated as a fuzzy parametric geometric programming problem. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the model through fuzzy parametric geometric programming technique.     

A model to enhance the reliability of the serial parallel systems with component mixing

System reliability, especially for serial parallel systems, has attracted much attention in recent years. Redundancy allocation is a technique to increase the reliability of the serial parallel systems. Supplying redundant components depends on some restrictions such as available budget, weight, space, etc. This paper proposes a new model for redundancy allocation problems (RAPs) by considering discount policy. The proposed model attempts to maximize the reliability of a system by gathering various components where there are some limitations on budgeting. We present two models with different assumptions including all unit discount and incremental discount strategies. The resulted formulations are nonlinear integer models and categorized as NP-hard. Therefore, some heuristics and meta-heuristics are designed to solve the resulted models, efficiently.     

Reliability assessment for load‐sharing systems with exponential components using statistical expansion as a correction

Among recent system models, one specific type of system is generally used to model the dependence among components. Components are connected parallel in such systems as they fail one by one and are supposed to share the system work load. The model is thus referred to as the load‐sharing system model. Despite the availability of extensive reliability assessment methods for different systems, load‐sharing systems have not received enough attention from the scholars who have studied reliability assessment so far. Load‐sharing systems are generally designed for high levels of reliability. Therefore, tests for such systems can be expensive and time consuming. Limitation on resources always leads to small test sample sizes. This increases the difficulties associated with obtaining an accurate and robust system reliability assessment result. This paper proposes a novel assessment method for a certain type of load‐sharing system with components following exponential lifetime distributions. Based on the parameter estimation of the system reliability model, we introduce the Winterbottom‐Cornish‐Fisher asymptotic expansion method for implementing a correction of normal approximation. We demonstrate the accuracy of our method through a series of examples and simulation studies.     

故障相关的表决可修系统可用度计算

为解决k/n(F)表决可修系统中零部件的故障相关干涉问题,根据零部件工作寿命之间的正相关结构,运用Copula函数的相关性理论,提出微时间差t→t+Δt内系统一步状态转移矩阵概念,建立了故障相关的表决可修系统可靠性模型.模型全面考虑了共因故障、零件工作寿命和修复时间分布的一般性,从而突破传统独立指数型可修系统可靠性模型的三类局限性.验证了k/n(F)可修系统相关性模型的通用性,给出了Copula模型选择和估计相关程度参数的方法.     

可修不同部件n中取r至s系统的可靠性分析

本文对可修不同部件ｎ中取ｒ至ｓ系统进行了可靠性分析，这是一类典型的非单调关联系统。研究了该系统的工作条件和故障模式，并针对简单情形得到了此类可修系统的工作状态空间，给出了系统可靠度和系统首次故障前的平均时间ＭＴＴＦＦ的Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换表达式。     

Reliability of multi-component stress–strength models

In this paper, we estimate the reliability of some parallel and series multi-component stress–strength models. We determine the reliability of a system composed of k dependent components subjected to n dependent stresses. We study the cases, when the components are either arranged in series or in parallel. The components strengths are assumed to have (k + 1)-parameter multivariate Marshall–Olkin exponential distribution, while the stresses are (n + 1)-parameter multivariate Marshall–Olkin exponentially distributed.     

Imperfect debugging in software reliability: A Bayesian approach

The objective of studying software reliability is to assist software engineers in understanding more of the probabilistic nature of software failures during the debugging stages and to construct reliability models. In this paper, we consider modeling of a multiplicative failure rate whose components are evolving stochastically over testing stages and discuss its Bayesian estimation. In doing so, we focus on the modeling of parameters such as the fault detection rate per fault and the number of faults. We discuss how the proposed model can account for “imperfect debugging” under certain conditions. We use actual inter-failure data to carry out inference on model parameters via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and present additional insights from Bayesian analysis.     

System reliability and component importance when components can be swapped upon failure

Resilience of systems to failures during functioning is of great practical importance. One of the strategies that might be considered to enhance reliability and resilience of a system is swapping components when a component fails, thus replacing it by another component from the system that is still functioning. This paper studies this scenario, particularly with the use of the survival signature to quantify system reliability, where it is assumed that such a swap of components requires these components to be of the same type. We examine the effect of swapping components on a reliability importance measure for the specific components, and we also consider the joint reliability importance of two components. Such swapping of components may be an attractive means toward more resilient systems and could be an alternative to adding more components to achieve redundancy of repair and replacement activities.     

On allocating redundancies to k‐out‐of‐ n reliability systems

For two components in series and one redundancy with their lifetimes following the proportional hazard models, we build the likelihood ratio order and the hazard rate order for lifetimes of the redundant systems. Also, for k ‐out‐of‐ n system with components’ lifetimes having the arrangement increasing joint density and the redundancies having identically distributed lifetimes, allocating more redundancies to weaker components is shown to help improve the system's reliability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.