Anthracene Substituted Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines; Preparations,Investigation of Catalytical and Electrochemical Behaviors

An approach to investigation of catalytical behaviors of Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines is reported that is based on changing any parameter to effect these behaviors. Towards this end, new anthracene substituted Co (II) and Cu (II) phthalocyanines were prepared and characterized spectroscopic methods. New cobalt (II) and copper (II) phthalocyanines were used as catalyst for oxidation of different phenolic compounds (such as 2,3‐dichlorophenol, 4‐methoxyphenol, 4‐nitrophenol, 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol) with different oxidants. Then, electrochemical characterization of cobalt (II) and copper (II) phthallocyanines were determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. Although copper (II) phthalocyanine showed similar Pc based electron transfer processes, cobalt (II) phthalocyanine showed metal and ligand based reduction reactions as expected.     

Effects of In, Al and Sn dopants on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films

Effect of In, Al and Sn dopants on the optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and optical characterization method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the films have polycrystalline nature. The thin films have (002) as the preferred orientation. This (002) preferred orientation is due to the minimal surface energy which the hexagonal structure, c-plane to the ZnO crystallites, corresponds to the densest packed plane. The grain size values of the films are found to be 29.0, 35.2 and 39.5 nm for In, Al and Sn doped ZnO thin films, respectively. The optical band gaps of the films were calculated. The absorption edge shifts to the lower wavelengths with In, Al and Sn dopants. The inclusion of dopant into films expands also width of localized states as E(UIn)>E(UAl)>E(USn). The refractive index dispersion curves obey the single oscillator model. The dispersion parameters and optical constants of the films were determined. These parameters changed with In, Al and Sn dopants.     

Calculation of the brillouin frequencies close to phase transitions in NaNO2.

We calculate here the Brillouin frequencies of the L-mode [010], [001] and [100] of NaNO2 for the phase transitions from the paraelectric phase to the sinusoidal anti-ferroelectric phase near the Neel temperature (TN = 437.7 K) and to the ferroelectric phase near the critical temperature (TC = 436.3 K) in this crystalline system. For calculating the frequencies. we use the thermal expansivity data for the phase regions considered, under the assumption that the mode Gruneisen parameter determined for each mode remains constant across the phase transitions. Our calculated frequencies agree well with the observed frequencies for the modes studied in NaNO2.     

Fully integrated PDMS/SU-8/quartz microfluidic chip with a novel macroporous poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane for isoelectric focusing of proteins using whole-channel imaging detection

A fully integrated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/modified PDMS membrane/SU-8/quartz hybrid chip was developed for protein separation using isoelectric focusing (IEF) mechanism coupled with whole-channel imaging detection (WCID) method. This microfluidic chip integrates three components into one single chip: (i) modified PDMS membranes for separating electrolytes in the reservoirs from the sample in the microchannel and thus reducing pressure disturbance, (ii) SU-8 optical slit to block UV light (below 300?nm) outside the channel aiming to increase detection sensitivity, and (iii) injection and discharge capillaries for continuous operation. Integration of all these components on a single chip is challenging because it requires fabrication techniques for perfect bonding between different materials and is prone to leakage and blockage. This study has addressed all the challenges and presented a fully integrated chip, which is more robust with higher sensitivity than the previously developed IEF chips. This chip was tested by performing protein and pI marker separation. The separation results obtained in this chip were compared with that obtained in commercial cartridges. Side-by-side comparison validated the developed chip and fabrication techniques.     

Benzamide species retained by DMSO composites at a kaolinite surface

The surface area of kaolinite-benzamide (K-Bz)6.62 m² g^–1, whichis noticeably lower than that of kaolinite-dimethyl sulphoxide (K-DMSO) 14.61m² g^–1, the co-perturbationof the inner-surface hydroxyl features at 3697 and 3650 cm^–1,and the increase of d(001) value by 7.44 Å are all related to the benzamidespecies inserted into the kaolinite structure through the replacement of theK-DMSO composites. Disappearance of the DMSO reflections and emergence ofwell-defined features at 6.04(2θ) and 11.16(2θ), 001 and 002 reflectionswith d values of 14.62 and 7.92 Å, respectively point out that the DMSOspecies were substituted efficiently by benzamide molecules. The thermal stabilityof the K-Bz derivative up to 300°C can be attributed to the slightly tiltedaromatic ring keying into the gibbsitic sheets via the –NH₂groups.     

Dendrimer Templated Synthesis of Carbon Nanotube Supported PdAu Catalyst and its Application as Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor

At present, CNT supported catalysts were prepared by two different methods as NaBH₄ reduction and dendrimer templated NaBH₄ reduction method to observe the effect of preparation method on the sensitivity and activity of H₂O₂ reduction. Then, CNT supported Pd_xAu_y bimetallic nanocatalysts having various atomic ratio were synthesized via novel dendrimer templated NaBH₄ reduction method. The resulting materials were characterized employing XRD and TEM. Crystallite size of 10 %Pd_0.7Au_0.3/CNT_dendrimer was obtained from XRD 17.1 nm and mean particle size obtained from TEM is about 15 nm. Moreover, the electrochemical behavior of these catalysts was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques. Pd_xAu_y bimetallic nanocatalysts have excellent electrocatalytic properties and great potential for applications in electrochemical detection. The sensitivity and the limit of detection values for the prepared sensor with monometallic 10 % Pd/CNT_dendrimer catalysts are 219.78 μA mM^?1cm^?2 and 2.6 μM, respectively. However, the sensor constructed with 10 %Pd_0.7Au_0.3/CNT_dendrimer modified electrode has a very high sensitivity of 316.89 μA mM^?1 cm^?2 with a quick response time of 2 s and a wide linear range of 0.001–19.0 mM. In addition, the interference experiment indicated that the 10 % Pd_0.7Au_0.3/CNT_dendrimer nanoparticles have good selectivity toward H₂O₂.     

NMR, UV, FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra and molecular structure (monomeric and dimeric structures) investigation of nicotinic acid N-oxide: A combined experimental and theoretical study

In this work, the experimental and theoretical UV, NMR, and vibrational features of nicotinic acid N-oxide (abbreviated as NANO, C(6)H(5)NO(3)) were studied. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of studied compound that dissolved in water was examined in the range of 200-800nm. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra in solid state were observed in the region 4000-400cm(-1) and 3500-50cm(-1), respectively. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra in DMSO were recorded. The geometrical parameters, energies and the spectroscopic properties of NANO were obtained for all four conformers from density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set calculations. There are four conformers, C(n), n=1-4 for this molecule. The computational results identified the most stable conformer of title molecule as the C1 form. The complete assignments were performed on the basis of the total energy distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes, calculated with scaled quantum mechanics (SQM) method. (13)C and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by using the gauge-invariant atomic orbital (GIAO) method. The electronic properties, such as excitation energies, absorption wavelengths, HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by CIS approach. Finally the calculation results were applied to simulate infrared, Raman, and UV spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.