多变量定常线性系统的传输零点与结构无静差性质

文献[1—4]详细研究了多变量定常线性系统的无静差和结构无静差性质,得到了内模原理的频域形式.为了说明内模原理的实质,本文讨论了无静差和结构无静差系统的传输零点的作用.本文所得结果告诉我们,多变量定常线性系统的无静差或结构无静差性质,是由闭环系统的零点与外部输入信号的极点之间的零极相消来保证的.本文使用与参考文献[1,2]相同的符号与术语.我们先对“结构稳定”的概念给一个确切的定义.如果一个多变量定常线性系统具有某种性质 π,并且在该系统的某个标称参数点 P 处存在某个邻域 U,使得这个系统在邻域     

控制系统结构稳定性的一种定量分析方法

§1.引言及问题文[1]应用矩阵扰动分析方法研究了线性控制系统的结构稳定性,得到了闭环系统关于矩阵范数‖·‖2(?)‖·‖_F 和 ‖·‖_∞在标称参数点 P_0处的结构稳定裕度下界的一系列估计公式。受扰闭环系统保持无静差只是一个基本的要求,受扰闭环系统的其它动态品质指标的变化也是应考虑的。由于系统的谱的分布对其动态品质有很大的影响,为此需要研究使受扰闭环系统不仪保持无静差,且使其谱的分布在一个预先指定范围内变化的结构稳定问题。     

关联系统可靠镇定的开关分层控制法

本文建立了一种具有开关的双层控制方案,其中每一层均采用分散控制结构.并且只有第二层带有开关参数.进而说明,对一个由两个线性时不变子系统任意线性关联构成的大系统,存在所述的分层控制器使得导致的闭环系统,在任意关联结构扰动下都保持稳定的充分必要条件,是原正常关联的大系统作为具有双通道的分散系统,没有不稳定的固定模并且每个子系统均是能稳、能检测的.     

具有输入时滞的汽车主动悬架系统的鲁棒指数镇定

针对具有输入时滞及控制量和输出约束的汽车主动悬架不确定系统,研究了鲁棒H_∞指数镇定问题.通过设计状态反馈控制器,使得闭环系统鲁棒指数稳定,并且能够有效地抑制外界干扰.通过实例仿真验证了所设计控制器的有效性和可行性.     

奇异脉冲系统的奇异H_∞控制

主要研究奇异脉冲系统的奇异H∞控制问题.当系统不满足正则条件时,给出奇异脉冲系统的奇异H∞控制问题可解的充分条件,控制律使得闭环系统在保证内稳定的条件下达到干扰衰减.     

PMSM系统的参数稳定性分析和自适应控制

针对含未知参数的永磁同步电机(PMSM)系统,研究其参数稳定性和自适应控制问题.首先,分析了参数变化对PMSM系统平衡点的影响.然后,通过设计自适应控制器使得闭环系统具有耗散Hamiltonian结构,使闭环系统的能量分布随着未知参数的漂移而自动的改变,且能量函数总在未知参数对应的平衡点处取得极小值,从而实现自适应参数...     

两端固定n根系列连接的Timoshenko梁在连接点加控制的镇定问题

文章研究两端固定n根系列连接的Timoshen]K0梁系统的镇定问题,假设该系统在连接点处剪切力和弯曲力矩是连续的,而横向位移和旋转角度是不连续的.在连接点处设置控制器,观测节点处的力,通过补偿器补偿后反馈回系统,构成闭环系统.通过对系统的矩阵化处理,对算子谱采用渐近分析的技巧,证明得到该闭环系统是渐近稳定的.并利用算子谱的分布等性质,在一定条件下得到了闭环系统的Riesz基性质,从而系统满足谱确定增长条件.     

基于增益调度解耦控制的飞行控制系统研究

针对一类非线性系统,设计了增益调度解耦控制律,且给出了定量的闭环特性分析.在控制系统分析中,建立了闭环系统阶跃响应和动态性能指标关于控制参数的数学表达式,从而克服了许多控制算法中参数试凑的盲目性和重复性.此外,在控制律实现中,为保证作为调度变量的系统输出缓慢变化,且为避免工作点处实际模型和线性模型之间的大偏差以及控制量的瞬时值过大或是振荡,提出进行参考信号变换,即阶跃跳变部分都用正弦信号去替代.为验证所设计控制律的可行性和有效性,将其应用于四旋翼飞行器的飞行控制中.根据四旋翼飞行器的结构特性和运动原理,设计了递阶形式的飞行控制结构,并采用所提出的增益调度解耦控制律分别设计外环的位置控制器和内环的姿态控制器.飞行仿真结果表明所设计的飞行控制系统结构和所提出的控制律具有可行性和有效性.     

具有分布反馈和边界反馈的非均质Timoshenko梁的指数镇定性

讨论具有分布反馈控制和边界反馈控制的非均质Timoshenko梁的指数镇定问题.首先利用已有的关于线性分布参数系统的渐进稳定性判据,证明所论梁系统的能量可仅由一个分布反馈控制指数镇定.进而利用频域分片乘子方法,在所论梁系统同时具有分布反馈控制和边界反馈控制的条件下,证明其相应的闭环系统能量指数稳定.     

一类动态系统可靠 D -稳定性条件 - LMI方法

考虑一类具有执行器和传感器故障的动力系统可靠鲁棒控制综合问题. 提出了一个系统 D -稳定的充分必要条件. 基于这一充分必要条件, 得到了可靠 H_∞ 控制器存在的条件. 接着用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法设计控制器, 使闭环系统当部分控制器件出现故障时鲁棒 D -稳定且具有H_∞性能. 最后通过一个仿真实例说明该文给出的方法及其有效性     

Various motivations for managerial (mis)reporting – an experimental study

In the experiment we model all possible consequences from misreporting for both the shareholder and for the manager, since we are interested in patterns in reporting behaviour resulting from different motivations for potential misrepresentation. This allows for examining the stability of the (mis)reporting behaviour in different treatments. Agents are primarily driven by the consequences for themselves rather than by the consequences for the principal, while deciding on misreporting. Participants are willing to sacrifice a small gain for themselves in order to prevent a greater loss for the principal. If agents misreport, they do it in order to generate positive rather than negative consequences for themselves. Reports in favour of the principal, but fruitless or even costly for the agent are very rare. The experiment indicates also that pro-social agents report more truthfully than pro-self agents.     

Analytical solution of the droplet breakup equation by the Adomian decomposition method

The droplet population balance equations (PBEs), which despite its importance rarely has an analytical solution. However, few cases with assumed functional forms of breakup rate, daughter droplet distribution exist, where most of these solutions are for the batch stirred vessel. A new framework for solving (PBEs) for batch and continuous systems is proposed in this work, which uses the Adomian decomposition method. This technique overcomes the crucial difficulties of numerical discretization and stability that often characterize previous solutions in this area. The technique used in this work has been tested for the droplet breakup equation. The solutions are presented for several cases, for which analytical solutions are available, for batch and continuous systems for droplet breakup in stirred vessels. In all cases, the predicted droplet size distributions converge exactly in a continuous form to that of the analytical solution.     

City-effects in the atomic bomb survivors data

It was investigated how risk estimates derived from the RERF life span study data sets for cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, differ between the two cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the two sexes. This was done by estimating the excess risk for various age-at-exposure and time-since-exposure groups. The epidemiologically most reliable age group are those aged 20–39 years at the time of exposure. As expected, in this group, the relative risk for females in Hiroshima is higher than that for males; however, in Nagasaki, the relative risk for females is lower than that for males. When comparing the risks in the two cities for the same sex, the risks of cancer incidence and mortality of females exposed in Hiroshima are higher than those in Nagasaki. However, for the males, the risks of cancer incidence in Hiroshima are lower than in Nagasaki, and the risks of cancer mortality of males are very similar between both cities. All differences depend on age-at-exposure and time-since-exposure, and are at the borderline of being statistically significant. The absorbed dose of neutrons, for the same γ-dose, is about three times as high in Hiroshima than in Nagasaki for both sexes. Because of these observed risk differences between both cities, it does not appear to be possible to reliably estimate the relative biological effectiveness of neutrons as compared to that of γ-rays from these epidemiological data sets. No evidence was found in this analysis that the radiation weighting factors w_R presently used for neutrons in radiation protection could severely underestimate the risks for somatic late effects induced by neutrons.     

英国运筹五十年：成就、困境和出路

英国是运筹学的发源地,五十年来对运筹学的创立,发展和推广起了重要作用,但到九十年代,情况起到了很大变化;运筹工作小组大量关闭;运筹学系基本消失,运筹工作另谋出路,为此,英国运筹学会拨出专款进行调研,组织专家讨论,在国际期刊上发表调研报告和讨论专辑,分析当前运筹学的困境和未来的路向,本对此进行介绍和探讨,希望对社会-经济转型时期的中国运筹学界和运筹工作有借鉴作用。     

Coupled-expanding maps and one-sided symbolic dynamical systems

This paper studies relationships between coupled-expanding maps and one-sided symbolic dynamical systems. The concept of coupled-expanding map is extended to a more general one: coupled-expansion for a transitive matrix. It is found that the subshift for a transitive matrix is strictly coupled-expanding for the matrix in certain disjoint compact subsets; the topological conjugacy of a continuous map in its compact invariant set of a metric space to a subshift for a transitive matrix has a close relationship with that the map is strictly coupled-expanding for the matrix in some disjoint compact subsets. A certain relationship between strictly coupled-expanding maps for a transitive matrix in disjoint bounded and closed subsets of a complete metric space and their topological conjugacy to the subshift for the matrix is also obtained. Dynamical behaviors of subshifts for irreducible matrices are then studied and several equivalent statements to chaos are obtained; especially, chaos in the sense of Li–Yorke is equivalent to chaos in the sense of Devaney for the subshift, and is also equivalent to that the domain of the subshift is infinite. Based on these results, several new criteria of chaos for maps are finally established via strict coupled-expansions for irreducible transitive matrices in compact subsets of metric spaces and in bounded and closed subsets of complete metric spaces, respectively, where their conditions are weaker than those existing in the literature.     

A nonlocal boundary value problem for elliptic differential-operator equations and applications

In this paper we give, for the first time, an abstract interpretation of nonlocal boundary value problems for elliptic differential equations of the second order. We prove coerciveness and Fredholmness of nonlocal boundary value problems for the second order elliptic differential-operator equations. We apply then, in section 6, these results for investigation of nonlocal boundary value problems for the second order elliptic differential equations (one can find the references on the subject in the introduction and Chapter V in the book by A. L. Skubachevskii [27]). Abstract results obtained in this paper can be used for study of nonlocal boundary value problems for quasielliptic differential equations.     

Relationship of stress intensity factors for plane cracks in isotropic and transversally isotropic media

An interrelationship between the stress intensity factors for plane cracks in isotropic and transversally isotropic media is found for symmetric and obliquely symmetric force and symmetric temperature loadings. It is shown that the stress intensity factors for a plane crack in a transversally isotropic material can be obtained using standard formulas for the transition from the stress intensity factor for the corresponding problem in the case of an isotropic material. As examples, stress intensity factors are found for a circular crack, for a periodic system of circular cracks in a transversally isotropic material under force and temperature loading, etc. Institute of Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Prikladnaya Mekhanika, No. 29, pp. 3–16, 1999.     

Bounds for Shannon and Zipf‐Mandelbrot entropies

Shannon and Zipf‐Mandelbrot entropies have many applications in many applied sciences, for example, in information theory, biology and economics, etc. In this paper, we consider two refinements of the well‐know Jensen inequality and obtain different bounds for Shannon and Zipf‐Mandelbrot entropies. First of all, we use some convex functions and manipulate the weights and domain of the functions and deduce results for Shannon entropy. We also discuss their particular cases. By using Zipf‐Mandelbrot laws for different parameters in Shannon entropies results, we obtain bounds for Zipf‐Mandelbrot entropy. The idea used in this paper for obtaining the results may stimulate further research in this area, particularly for Zipf‐Mandelbrot entropy.     

On the approximation of positional control problems

Conditions for the approximation of positional control problems for contrallable systems of sufficiently general form are discussed, covering, in particular, certain classes of distributed-parameter plants. The constructions are based on the results in /1–6/. Analogous questions for programmed control problems were examined, for instance, in /7–14/, and for positional control problems, in /1, 6/. In contrast to the approximation scheme proposed by Krasovskii for general evolution systems /1/, the resolving strategies in the present paper do not depend upon the accuracy ε. In contrast to /6/ a more general case is examined inclusing, in particular, approximation by the Galerkin method and by the difference method of straight lines.     

Stable sequential Lagrange principles in the inverse final observation problem for the system of Maxwell equations in the quasistationary magnetic approximation

We justify the possibility of using stable, with respect to errors in the input data, algorithms of dual regularization and iterative dual regularization for solving the inverse final observation problem for the system of Maxwell equations in the quasistationary magnetic approximation under general conditions on the coefficients, which is treated as an optimal control problem for the differential equation describing the magnetic field intensity with an operator equality constraint. We state a classical parametric Lagrange principle and stable Lagrange principles in sequential form for the posed problem. We present a stopping rule for the iterative process for the stable sequential Lagrange principle in iterative form in the case of finite fixed error in the input data.