恰有两个主特征值的图的性质

设λ是图G的一个特征值,如果存在属于λ的一个特征向量X=(x_1,x_2,…,x_n)~T,使得(?)x_i≠0,则λ称为图G的主特征值.将恰有两个主特征值的一个充要条件做了进一步推广,并在此基础上给出恰有两个主特征值的图的一些性质以及恰有两个主特征值的图的一些运算结果.     

On graphs with given main eigenvalues

An eigenvalue of a graph is main if it has an eigenvector, the sum of whose entries is not equal to zero. Extending previous results of Hagos and Hou et al. we obtain two conditions for graphs with given main eigenvalues. All trees and connected unicyclic graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues were characterized by Hou et al. Extending their results, we determine all bicyclic connected graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues.     

The integral graphs with index 3 and exactly two main eigenvalues

A graph is called integral if the spectrum of its adjacency matrix has only integral eigenvalues. An eigenvalue of a graph is called main eigenvalue if it has an eigenvector such that the sum of whose entries is not equal to zero. In this paper, we show that there are exactly 25 connected integral graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues and index 3.     

恰有两个主特征值的图与图的剖分

大量研究表明,图的主特征值的数量与图的结构有着密切关系.通过恰有两个主特征值的图的特征定义了2-邻域k-剖分图,研究了恰有两个主特征值的图与2-邻域k-剖分图之间的关系;同时给出一个2-邻域k-剖分图在k=2,3时为等部剖分的条件.     

Bicyclic graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues

An eigenvalue of a graph G is called a main eigenvalue if it has an eigenvector the sum of whose entries is not equal to zero, and it is well known that a graph has exactly one main eigenvalue if and only if it is regular. In this work, all connected bicyclic graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues are determined.     

On Integral Graphs with Few Cycles

A graph is called integral if the spectrum of its adjacency matrix has only integer eigenvalues. In this paper, all integral graphs with at most two cycles (trees, unicyclic and bicyclic graphs) with no eigenvalue 0 are identified. Moreover, we give some results on unicyclic integral graphs with exactly one eigenvalue 0.     

On graphs with exactly one anti-adjacency eigenvalue and beyond

The anti-adjacency matrix of a graph is constructed from the distance matrix of a graph by keeping each row and each column only the largest distances. This matrix can be interpreted as the opposite of the adjacency matrix, which is instead constructed from the distance matrix of a graph by keeping in each row and each column only the distances equal to 1. The (anti-)adjacency eigenvalues of a graph are those of its (anti-)adjacency matrix. Employing a novel technique introduced by Haemers (2019) [9], we characterize all connected graphs with exactly one positive anti-adjacency eigenvalue, which is an analog of Smith's classical result that a connected graph has exactly one positive adjacency eigenvalue iff it is a complete multipartite graph. On this basis, we identify the connected graphs with all but at most two anti-adjacency eigenvalues equal to ?2 and 0. Moreover, for the anti-adjacency matrix we determine the HL-index of graphs with exactly one positive anti-adjacency eigenvalue, where the HL-index measures how large in absolute value may be the median eigenvalues of a graph. We finally propose some problems for further study.     

恰有两个Q-主特征值的三圈图

图G的无符号拉普拉斯矩阵定义为图G的邻接矩阵与度对角矩阵的和,其特征值称为图G的Q-特征值.图G的一个Q-特征值称为Q-主特征值,如果它有一个特征向量其分量的和不等于零.确定了所有恰有两个Q-主特征值的三圈图.     

Trees, unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs with exactly two Q-main eigenvalues

The signless Laplacian matrix of a graph G is defined to be the sum of its adjacency matrix and degree diagonal matrix, and its eigenvalues are called Q-eigenvalues of G. A Q-eigenvalue of a graph G is called a Q-main eigenvalue if it has an eigenvector the sum of whose entries is not equal to zero. In this work, all trees, unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs with exactly two Q-main eigenvalues are determined.     

二部图的单特征值

一个图的特征值通常指的是它的邻接矩阵的特征值,在图的所有特征值中,重数为1的特征值即所谓的单特征值具有特殊的重要性.确定一个图的单特征值是一个比较困难的问题,主要是没有一个通用的方法.1969年,Petersdorf和Sachs给出了点传递图单特征值的取值范围,但是对于具体的点传递图还需要根据图本身的特性来确定它的单特征值.给出一类正则二部图,它们是二面体群的凯莱图,这类图的单特征值中除了它的正、负度数之外还有0或者±1,而它们恰好是Petersdorf和Sachs所给出的单特征值范围内的中间取值.     

The inertia of unicyclic graphs and the implications for closed-shells

The inertia of a graph is an integer triple specifying the number of negative, zero, and positive eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of the graph. A unicyclic graph is a simple connected graph with an equal number of vertices and edges. This paper characterizes the inertia of a unicyclic graph in terms of maximum matchings and gives a linear-time algorithm for computing it. Chemists are interested in whether the molecular graph of an unsaturated hydrocarbon is (properly) closed-shell, having exactly half of its eigenvalues greater than zero, because this designates a stable electron configuration. The inertia determines whether a graph is closed-shell, and hence the reported result gives a linear-time algorithm for determining this for unicyclic graphs.     

Semi-hyper-connected edge transitive graphs

A graph G is said to be hyper-connected if the removal of every minimum cut creates exactly two connected components, one of which is an isolated vertex. In this paper, we first generalize the concept of hyper-connected graphs to that of semi-hyper-connected graphs: a graph G is called semi-hyper-connected if the removal of every minimum cut of G creates exactly two components. Then we characterize semi-hyper-connected edge transitive graphs.     

Nowhere-zero eigenvectors of graphs

A vector is called nowhere-zero if it has no zero entry. In this article we search for graphs with nowhere-zero eigenvectors. We prove that distance-regular graphs and vertex-transitive graphs have nowhere-zero eigenvectors for all of their eigenvalues and edge-transitive graphs have nowhere-zero eigenvectors for all non-zero eigenvalues. Among other results, it is shown that a graph with three distinct eigenvalues has a nowhere-zero eigenvector for its smallest eigenvalue.     

Graph covers with two new eigenvalues

A certain signed adjacency matrix of the hypercube, which Hao Huang used last year to resolve the Sensitivity Conjecture, is closely related to the unique, 4-cycle free, 2-fold cover of the hypercube. We develop a framework in which this connection is a natural first example of the relationship between group valued adjacency matrices with few eigenvalues, and combinatorially interesting covering graphs. In particular, we define a two-eigenvalue cover, to be a covering graph whose adjacency spectra differs (as a multiset) from that of the graph it covers by exactly two eigenvalues. We show that walk regularity of a graph implies walk regularity of any abelian two-eigenvalue cover. We also give a spectral characterization for when a cyclic two-eigenvalue cover of a strongly-regular graph is distance-regular.     

Distance spectra and distance energy of integral circulant graphs

The distance energy of a graph G is a recently developed energy-type invariant, defined as the sum of absolute values of the eigenvalues of the distance matrix of G. There was a vast research for the pairs and families of non-cospectral graphs having equal distance energy, and most of these constructions were based on the join of graphs. A graph is called circulant if it is Cayley graph on the circulant group, i.e. its adjacency matrix is circulant. A graph is called integral if all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix are integers. Integral circulant graphs play an important role in modeling quantum spin networks supporting the perfect state transfer. In this paper, we characterize the distance spectra of integral circulant graphs and prove that these graphs have integral eigenvalues of distance matrix D. Furthermore, we calculate the distance spectra and distance energy of unitary Cayley graphs. In conclusion, we present two families of pairs (G₁,G₂) of integral circulant graphs with equal distance energy - in the first family G₁ is subgraph of G₂, while in the second family the diameter of both graphs is three.     

Superconnected and Hyperconnected Small Degree Transitive Graphs

A graph is said to be superconnected if every minimum vertex cut isolates a vertex. A graph is said to be hyperconnected if each minimum vertex cut creates exactly two components, one of which is an isolated vertex. In this paper, we characterize superconnected or hyperconnected vertex transitive graphs with degree 4 and 5. As a corollary, superconnected or hyperconnected planar transitive graphs are characterized.     

On the Laplacian integral tricyclic graphs

A graph is called Laplacian integral if all its Laplacian eigenvalues are integers. In this paper, we give an edge subdividing theorem for Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph (Theorem 2.1) and characterize a class of k-cyclic graphs whose algebraic connectivity is less than one. Using these results, we determine all the Laplacian integral tricyclic graphs. Furthermore, we show that all the Laplacian integral tricyclic graphs are determined by their Laplacian spectra.     

On bipartite graphs with small number of laplacian eigenvalues greater than two and three

All connected bipartite graphs with exactly two Laplacian eigenvalues greater than two are determined. Besides, all connected bipartite graphs with exactly one Laplacian eigenvalue greater than three are determined.