基于不同经验模态分解的小波软阈值ECG去噪研究

针对ECG信号的非线性和非平稳性,利用不同经验模态分解的小波软阈值方法对其进行降噪处理.根据希尔伯特-黄(Hilbert-Huang)变换提出的一系列的EMD算法,有EMD、EEMD、CEEMD等.首先,将含高斯白噪声的ECG信号分别进行EMD、EEMD、CEEMD分解,所得到的固有模态函数(IMF)分量是从高频到低频排列的,分别舍去前几层含噪IMF'进行重构去噪.由于舍去的IMF分量中含有少部分信号的细节信息,然后利用小波软阈值对前几层含噪IMF提取细节信息得到新的分量,再将剩余分量和新的分量重构去噪后的ECG信号.利用去噪信号图和不同性能指标验证了不同方法的有效性,得出了基于CEEMD的小波软阈值ECG降噪效果最佳.最后,用上述方法对MIT-BIH心电噪声库信号进行去噪处理,其结果与仿真实验相吻合.     

用于铁磁谐振过电压故障辨识的VMD参数优化方法研究

准确辨识铁磁谐振故障可为启动消谐装置提供重要的依据,针对单相接地、弧光接地和铁磁谐振三种过电压故障频率混叠导致数据特征提取困难的问题,提出变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD,VMD)的优化方法:首先分析各过电压故障信号的特征与区别,指出VMD参数对故障信号分解的影响;再利用NSGA-Ⅲ(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmⅢ,NSGA-Ⅲ)优化算法对VMD分量个数、惩罚因子等参数组合进行搜索,并依此确定变分模态分解算法的关键参数,利用参数优化变分模态分解算法对故障信号进行处理;最后,利用实际电网参数搭建过电压故障仿真模型,获得各种工况下的故障数据,并对故障信号进行提取,结果表明,利用NSGA-Ⅲ算法进行优化后的VMD在对故障信号进行特征提取,能够清晰的反映不同类型故障的特征,且对数据采样频率不敏感,与原有的VMD算法效果相比,能够更有效应用于各类故障的辨识.     

平面几何模型的EMD分解算法及其应用

经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)算法是一种处理非线性非平稳信号的时频分析方法.该方法可以自适应地将输入信号分解成若干层本征模函数(Intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)和一层余项函数,通过对IMF的特定操作可以实现信号的滤波和去噪等功能.经典的EMD算法主要针对标量形式的函数信号,对于平面几何图形,EMD则按每一个坐标分量分别处理,其效果往往较差.文章提出一种向量形式的平面几何模型EMD算法,该算法将一个平面几何模型分解成若干层偏置向量和一个残差模型,其中偏置向量表示几何体不同尺度的特征,残差模型表示输入模型的大致形状.通过在极值点的定义中施加特征尺度的限制从而保证每次分解只分离出特定尺度的特征.实验表明,该方法可以有效地实现平面几何模型的分解,并应用在去噪、特征编辑以及特征迁移的领域.通过与经典方法以及标量函数信号EMD算法的比较,文章方法的有效性得到验证.     

基于EMD和PCA的暂态电能质量消噪

针对电能质量扰动的消噪问题,提出一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和主成分分析(PCA)的消噪方法.方法先用EMD将信号分解为一组内蕴模态函数(IMF),对第一层IMF进行细节信息提取,然后对第二层及其后面的IMF进行PCA变换,根据噪声能量选择合适的主成分分量重构,去除各层IMF中的噪声.分别用电压聚降、电压中断、暂态脉冲、谐波及其组合进行数字仿真,和SureShrink小波阈值法、BayesShrink小波阈值法去噪结果比较,所用的方法去噪效果优于SureShrink小波阈值法、BayesShrink小波阈值法去噪结果,尤其对于电压暂降、电压中断、电压聚升这几个最重要的暂态电能质量问题消噪效果更为明显,结果证实了其有效性.     

基于VMD-ELM的农产品期货价格分解集成预测模型

为了捕捉农产品市场期货价格波动的复杂特征,进一步提高其预测精度,基于分解集成的思想,构建包含变分模态分解(VMD)和极限学习机(ELM)的分解集成预测模型。首先,利用VMD分解的自适应性和非递归性,选择VMD将复杂时间序列分解成多个模态分量(IMF)。其次,针对VMD分解关键参数模态数K的选取难题,提出基于最小模糊熵准则寻找最优K值的方法,有效避免模态混淆和端点效应问题,从而提升VMD的分解能力。最后,利用ELM强大的学习能力和泛化能力,对VMD分解得到的不同尺度子序列进行预测,集成得到最终预测结果。以CBOT交易所稻谷、小麦、豆粕期货价格作为研究对象,实证结果表明,该分解集成预测模型在预测精度和方向性指标上,显著优于单预测模型和其它分解集成预测模型,为农产品期货价格预测提供了一种新途径。     

基于CEEMDAN小波包的MEMS水听器信号去噪

针对MEMS水听器接收水下信号时混入的噪声,提出一种CEEMDAN和小波包的联合去噪算法.方法是利用CEEMDAN将含噪信号分解成一系列的IMF分量,IMF由高频到低频排列.由于高频噪声和低频干扰,所以要分别对高频和低频IMF进行处理.根据每层IMF的频谱分析,去掉前几层和后几层IMF分量形成一个带通滤波器,然后将剩余分量进行重构信号.最后,利用小波包对重构信号去噪得去噪信号.通过仿真实验和中北大学汾机实测实验验证了算法的有效性,并在去噪效果和性能指标上较单一CEEMDAN和小波包去噪有明显提升.     

基于张量积B样条的几何模型EMD算法及其应用

经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)算法是一种处理非线性非平稳信号的时频分析方法.文章针对拓扑同胚于圆盘的开网格模型提出几何模型上的EMD算法,并应用于网格去噪以及特征编辑.首先,借助曲面上离散高斯曲率提取模型的极值点,随后对模型进行平面参数化,利用均匀节点的三次张量积B样条计算极大和极小包络曲面,最后将平均包络曲面离散成网格模型作为分解一次的残差模型,并将原模型与残差模型的差值向量记为当前分解的偏置向量,迭代地处理残差模型得到模型各个层次的偏置向量以及最终表示原模型基本形状的残差模型.通过对偏置向量的处理与重构,实现算法在网格去噪以及特征编辑的应用.实验结果表明,文章算法可以有效地实现网格模型的多尺度分解,并在网格去噪以及特征编辑方面取得了较好的效果.     

基于EMD-GRU的高速公路行程时间组合预测模型

考虑到高速公路行程时间影响因素繁多且行程时间序列非线性、非平稳特征显著,设计了基于经验模态分解和GRU神经网络的高速公路行程时间组合预测模型.首先,利用高速公路收费数据中车辆进出高速公路的时间信息获取路段行程时间序列;然后,利用经验模态分解算法,将复杂的行程时间序列分解为若干时间尺度不同、相对平稳的本征模态函数分量和残差分量;接着,使用GRU神经网络对各本征模态函数分量和残差分量进行预测与集成操作.实例分析表明:经验模态分解可有效提高LSTM、GRU神经网络的预测精度;在相同参数设置的情况下,GRU神经网络的预测精度优于LSTM神经网络.     

语音信号中基于EMD法的情感计算

情感计算是情感语音识别的关键.经验模态分解(EMD)算法是Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)的核心算法,采用分段幂函数插值算法求情感包络线,能达到更好的情感识别效果.利用软件MATLAB仿真了情感语音信号的经验模态分解(EMD)特性,把情感语音信号进行EMD分解后IMF做频谱变换,便能得到一个情感包络线,根据情感包络线的不同而达到情感识别的目的.     

能谱CT投影域降噪算法的比较研究

能谱CT的光子计数探测器可以将较宽的能谱按照选定的能量段进行计数,得到物体在不同能段的成像信息.由于能谱CT需要确定能量通道,且单个窄谱通道探测的光子数为总光子数的一部分,数目减少,导致窄谱投影数据的噪声增大.为降低低能噪声对成像结果的影响,将传统MAP降噪算法,基于各向异性模型的改进MAP算法及SB(Split Bregman)算法引入能谱CT投影域去噪中.首先通过选定一个能量来验证三种算法对能谱CT的适用性.然后分别对三个确定的能量通道添加高斯噪声,使用上述算法分别去噪,并对去噪后投影使用FBP,OS-SART算法重建,结果表明三种算法均可以有效去噪,且改进的MAP算法优于传统MAP算法,SB算法去噪效果最佳.     

一种基于邻近点算法的变步长原始-对偶算法

本文考虑求解一种源于信号及图像处理问题的鞍点问题.基于邻近点算法的思想,我们对原始-对偶算法进行改进,构造一种对称正定且可变的邻近项矩阵,得到一种新的原始-对偶算法.新算法可以看成一种邻近点算法,因此它的收敛性易于分析,且无需较强的假设条件.初步实验结果表明,当新算法被应用于求解图像去模糊问题时,和其他几种主流的高效算法相比,新算法能得到较高质量的结果,且计算时间也是有竞争力的.     

The algorithms about fast non-localmeans based image denoising

Image denoising is still a challenge of image processing.Buades et al.proposed a nonlocal means (NL-means) approach.This method had a remarkable denoising results at high expense of computational cost.In this paper,We compared several fast non-local means methods,and proposed a new fast algorithm.Numerical experiments showed that our algorithm considerably reduced the computational cost,and obtained visually pleasant images.     

基于PSO_Trainlm BP模型的图像去噪研究

针对在使用BP模型进行图像去噪时,模型存在的对初始权阈值敏感、易陷入局部极小值和收敛速度慢的问题.为了提高模型去噪效率,提出采用改进粒子群神经网络模型进行图像去噪.首先运用改进粒子群算法对BP神经网络权阈值进行初始寻优,再用trainlm BP算法对优化的网络权阈值进一步精确优化,随后建立基于粒子群算法的BP神经网络去噪模型,并将其应用到图像去噪研究中.仿真结果表明,新模型结合了粒子群算法的全局寻优能力和BP算法的局部搜索能力,减小了模型对初始权阈值的敏感性,有效防止了模型陷入局部极小值的可能,提高了图像去噪模型的速度和质量.     

基于奇异谱分析的降噪方法及其在计算最大Liapunov指数中的应用

基于奇异谱分析对信号的自适应滤波特性,提出了一种降低混沌信号噪声的算法,这个算法首先求得信号的各阶经验正交函数（EOF）和主分量（PC）,然后用经验正交函数和主分量重构信号,根据重构信号的奇异谱选择最优的重构阶次以获得降噪后的信号．在计算动力系统最大Liapunov指数时,由于噪声的存在会降低计算的精度,因此将提出的降噪算法应用于最大Liapunov指数的计算中．通过对Henon映射和Logistic映射这两个典型混沌系统最大Liapunov指数的计算,结果表明该算法能有效提高最大Liapunov指数计算的精度．     

求解两块可分离凸极小化问题的惯性交替方向乘子法

The alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)is a widely used method for solving many convex minimization models arising in signal and image processing.In this paper,we propose an inertial ADMM for solving a two-block separable convex minimization problem with linear equality constraints.This algorithm is obtained by making use of the inertial Douglas-Rachford splitting algorithm to the corresponding dual of the primal problem.We study the convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm in infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.Furthermore,we apply the proposed algorithm on the robust principal component analysis problem and also compare it with other state-of-the-art algorithms.Numerical results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed algorithm.     

利用非线性提升的信号去噪

本文提出了一种基于非线性滤波和提升格式进行信号去噪的算法。利用提升格式设计的灵活性取非线性滤波为预测算子 ,数值算例表明该方法的去噪效果优于仅使用非线性滤波去噪。     

Genetic algorithm based wireless vibration control of multiple modal for a beam by using photostrictive actuators

The lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) actuator, which are capable of converting photonic energy to mechanical motion, have great potential in applications of remote structural vibration control of smart structures and machines. In this paper, a novel genetic algorithm based controlling algorithm for multi-modal vibration control of beam structures via photostrictive actuators is proposed. Two pairs of photostrictive actuators are laminated with the beams and the alternation of light irradiation is in accordance with the changing of the corresponding modal velocity direction. The modal force indexes for beams with different boundary conditions are derived and a binary-coded GA is used to optimize the locations and sizes of photostrictive actuators to maximize the modal force index and guarantee the overall modal force index induced by two pairs of photostrictive actuators is positive. The control effect of multiple vibration modes of beams under irradiation of set/variable light intensity is analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that the method is robust and efficient, and the use of strategically positioned actuator patches can effectively control the first two bending modes that dominate the structural vibration.     

Noise reduction method for vibration signals 2D time‐frequency distribution using anisotropic diffusion equation

Threshold noise reduction methods of vibration signals have been widely researched and used. However, these methods are less efficient in such situation, including requiring a time‐consuming and subjective to manual editing because different degree of noise signal requires selecting different characterization for filtering. In this paper, an efficient denoising method based on PDE for mechanical vibration signals time‐frequency distribution is investigated, in which, a one‐dimensional vibration signal is transformed into 2D time‐frequency domain by using Gabor transform. This enables (i) simultaneously utilize both time and frequency characteristic for effectively multiple dimension signal denosing and (ii) isotropic and anisotropic characteristics to be imposed by employing PDE, which explicitly fit with the local structure of time‐frequency signal. This paper analyzes the basic methods of isotropic and anisotropic diffusion filtering, investigates the anisotropic diffusion method based on local feature structure of 2D information, and conducts a set of comparative tests. Experiments show that this proposed method has a better performance of denoising than that of thresholding. At the same time, it is more handy than that of other methods, such as independent component analysis. Finally, problems and ways of improving the PDE‐based filter method are analyzed in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Construction of parameterizations of masks for tight wavelet frames with two symmetric/antisymmetric generators and applications in image compression and denoising

In this paper, we present a general construction framework of parameterizations of masks for tight wavelet frames with two symmetric/antisymmetric generators which are of arbitrary lengths and centers. Based on this idea, we establish the explicit formulas of masks of tight wavelet frames. Additionally, we explore the transform applicability of tight wavelet frames in image compression and denoising. We bring forward an optimal model of masks of tight wavelet frames aiming at image compression with more efficiency, which can be obtained through SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming) and a GA (Genetic Algorithm). Meanwhile, we present a new model called Cross-Local Contextual Hidden Markov Model (CLCHMM), which can effectively characterize the intrascale and cross-orientation correlations of the coefficients in the wavelet frame domain, and do research into the corresponding algorithm. Using the presented CLCHMM, we propose a new image denoising algorithm which has better performance as proved by the experiments.     

Nonlinear wavelet thresholding: A recursive method to determine the optimal denoising threshold

Nonlinear thresholding of wavelet coefficients is an efficient method for denoising signals with isolated singularities. The quasi-optimal value of the threshold depends on the sample size and on the variance of the noise, which is in many situations unknown. We present a recursive algorithm to estimate the variance of the noise, prove its convergence and investigate its mathematical properties. We show that the limit threshold depends on the probability density function (PDF) of the noisy signal and that it is equal to the theoretical threshold provided that the wavelet representation of the signal is sufficiently sparse. Numerical tests confirm these results and show the competitiveness of the algorithm compared to the median absolute deviation method (MAD) in terms of computational cost for strongly noised signals.